Tính toán thiết kế hệ thống xử lý nước thải sinh hoạt cho thành phố long xuyên đến năm 2020

TRlTCXNG DAI HOC AN GIANG
KHOA KY THUAT - CONG NGHE - MOITRUCING

VO HUX HUYEN TRAM

TINH TO AN THIET KE
HE THONG XU" LY NlTdC THAI SINH HO AT
CHO THANH PHO LONG XUYEN DEN NAM 2020
TRUCiNG D^I HOC
AN GIANG

THtfVIEN
KHOA LUAN TOT NGHIEP

GVHD: Th.S. Nguyen Thanh Hung

An Giang, 05/ 2013


LOT CAM ON
Trudc tien toi xin chan thanh cam cm Ban Giam hieu Truang Dai hoc An
Giang, Ban Chii nhiem Khoa Ky Thuat - Cong nghe - Moi Tnrang da tan tinh
giup d9 toi trong suot qua trinh hoc tap va thirc hien khoa luan tot nghiep.
Toi xin chSn thanh cam on quy thay co cimg cac'anh chi trong Khoa da
nhiet tinh giup da, dqng vien va chia se kinh nghiem giup em hoan thanh tot bai
khoa luan tot nghiep.
Xin chan thanh cam an quy thay Nguyen Thanh Hung da nhiet tinh giang
day, hmmg dan phuong phap nghien civu, cung cap tai lieu nghien ciiu, kien thirc
thirc te, chia se kinh nghiem va giup do toi hoan thanh de tai.
Cuoi ciing xin cam an gia dinh, ban be da luon ben canh giup da, dong vien
toi!

NHAN XET CUA GlAo VIEN HU^fNG DAN

Long Xuyen, ngay.^thang.^^nam 2013
Giao vien huang dan

Ths. Nguyen Thanh Hung


NHAN XET CUA GIAO VIEN PHAN BIEN

Long Xuy^n, ngayi^thang.^nam 2013
Giao vien phan bien

Than^ .


NHAN XET CUA GIAO VIEN PHAN BIEN

Long Xuyen, ngay/^^.thangA^nam 2013
Giao vien phan bien


TOM TAT
Thanh ph6 Long Xuyen la thanh ph6 trung tam cua tinh An Giang, la mot
thanh ph6 tre nang (long vdi toe dp do thi hda nhanh. Tuy nhien, hien nay, nude
thai sinh hoat cua thanh pho dupe xa thai true tiep ra song, kenh rach ma chua cd
he thong xu ly nude nen ngudi dan phai doi mat vdi van de 6 nhiem ngay cang
nghiem trpng.

Noi dung thuc hien cua de tai la udc tinh ddn so thanh pho Long Xuyen,
tinh toan luu lupng nude thai, xac dinh thanh phan nude thai den nam 2020. Tir
do toi dua ra cac phuong an xu ly, tinh toan thiet kl vdi chuan nude thai dau ra
theo QCVN 24:2009/BTNMT, cot A va du toan kinh phi cho cac phuong an.
Tren co sd do, phuong an hieu qua nhlt dupe lua chpn va the hien chi tiet tren
ban ve kT thuat.

Ket qua cua de tai la udc tinh dupe dan so thanh pho Long Xuyen den nam
2020 la 284.534 ngudi va luu lupng nude thai trung binh den thdi diem do la
37.182 m3/ngay. De tai xac dinh dupe thanh phan nude thai gom cac thong so
quan trpng nhu BOD5, SS, Nitp. Tir cac so lieu ban dau, hai phuong an dupe dua
ra de xu ly nude thai thanh pho Long Xuyen den nam 2020 la cong nghe be hoat
dpng gian doan theo me (SBR) va cong nghe thiSu khi, hiu kill ket hop (AO).
Sau khi tinh toan thidt kd va du toan kinh phi cho hai phuong an tren, phuong an
cong nghe hoat dpng gian doan theo me (SBR) dupe lira chpn do dat tieu chuan
de ra va cd hieu qua kinh te hern vdi tong chi phi xay dung la 171.370.580.000
VND, chi phi van hanh la 19.772.373 VND/ngay va chi phi cho xu ly nude thai
la 1.184 VND/m3 nude thai. Cuoi cirng de tai the hien dupe cac ban ve chi tiet
cong trinh xii ly nude thai cho thanh pho Long Xuyen theo phuong an chpn gom:
ban ve quy trinh cong nghe, ban ve mat bang tong the, ban ve mat cat theo nude,
ban ve chi tiet cac cong trinh don vi.


ABSTRACT
Long Xuyen city is the economic center of An Giang province, a dynamic,
young city with high-speed urbanization . However, domestic sewage of the city
is still discharged directly into rivers, canals without wastewater treatment
system. Therefore, citizens are facing pollution which gets worse.
The aims of this research are calculating domestic sewage flow of Long

Xuyen city up to 2020, determining the compositions of wastewater, producing
options of wastewater treatment system, designing and estimating the cost for
each option then selecting the best option. The effluent has to meet columns A in

QCVN 24:2009/BTNMT. The best option is described with the technical
drawings.

The results of this research showed that domestic sewage flow of Long
Xuyen city up to 2020 was 37.182 mVday. The research also determined some
important constituents of wastewater such as BOD5, SS, Nitrogen. From

preliminary data, sequecing batch reactor (SBR) and Anoxic/Aerobic (AO) were
proposed as two methods to treat domestic wastewater of Long Xuyen city up to
2020. After designing and estimating cost for the two options, SBR were selected
because of effective treatment and economization. The costs to use SBR as

followed: the total construction cost was 171.370.580.000 VND, the operating
cost was 19.772.373 VND/day and the wastewater treatment cost was 1.184

VND/m3. Finally, this research demonstrated teaniqual drawings of wastewater
treatment system for Long Xuyen city to 2020 base on selected methods (SBR).
It included technology process drawing, master plan drawing, level drawing and

detailed designed drawings for each unit.


MUC LUC

LCSICAmONi

TOM TAT.'ii

DANHSACHBANGvii
.DANH SACH HINHvii

DANH SACH CAC TIT VIET TATx
Chuang 1: M<3 DAU1
Chuang 2: LU0C KHAO TAI LIEU

2

2.1.Tong quan ve thanh pho Long Xuyen2
2.1.1.Vitridialy2
2.1.2.Dien tich - Bern vi hanhchinh2
2.1.3.Bac dimkhih|u-.3
2.1.4.Bac di&mthuy van4

2.1.5.Bac diem diahinh, dia chat4
2.1.6.Bac dilm kinh t5
2.1.7.Bac dilm xa hoi6

2.1.8.Hien trang cap thoat nude va 6 nhiem moi trudng do nude thai sinh
hoat d thanh pho Long Xuyen8
2.2.Tong quan ve nude thai sinh hoat9

2.2.1.Nguon goc phat sinh nude thai sinh hoat9
2.2.2.Luqng nude thai sinh hoat9

2.2.3.Thanh phan va dac tinh nude thai sinh hoat11
2.3.Tong quan ve cac phucrng phap xu ly nude thai va xii ly can14

2.3.1.Xu ly nude thai blng phuong phap co hoc14
2.3.2.Xu ly nude thai bang phuong phap hda hoc15
2.3.3.Xu- ly nude thai bSng phuong phap hda - ly16
2.3.4.Xu ly nude thai bang phuong phap sinh hoc17
2.3.5.Xu ly nude thai miic dp cao (xu ly bo sung)20
2.3.6.Khu trung nude thai20


2.3.7. Xii ly can cua nude thai20

2.4. So do cong nghe xu ly nude thai21

Chuong 3: PHl/ONG TIEN VA PHI/GNG PHAP NGHIEN CUtl25
3.1.Boi tuong nghien cuu25
3.2.Then gian nghien cuu25
3.3.Muc tieu nghien cuu25

3.4.Npi dung nghien cuu25
3.5.Phucmg tien va vat lieu nghien cuu25

3.6.Phucmg phap nghien cuu25

Chuung 4: TINH TOAN LUU LU'ONG, CAC CHI TIEU NU'CSC THAI VA

THIET KE HE THONG XII LY Nl/dC THAI27
4.1.Luu lugng, thanh phan va tfnh chat nude thai ciia thanh pho Long Xuyen

27
4.1.1.Luu lugng nude thai thanh pho Long Xuyen27
4.1.2.Thanh phfin va tinh chSt nude thai29

4.1.3.Cd sd de xuat phucmg an xu ly32
4.2.Be xuat cac phuong an xu ly32
4.2.1.Phucmg an 132
4.2.2.Phuong an 234

4.3.Tinh toan phucmg an 135
4.3.1.Ngan tiSp nhan nude thai35
4.3.2.Muong dan nude thai36
4.3.3.Song chin rac36

4.3.4.BS ling cat39
4.3.5 . San phoi cat42

4.3.6.Bg ling ly tam dgt 142
4.3.7.BgSBR'.47

4.3.8.Bg tigp xuc khu triing63
4.3.9.Bg chiia bun65

v


4.4. Tinh toan phuromg an 266

4.4.1.B6 thigu khi/hiSu khi (AO)66
4.4.2.B6 ling lytamdgt 281
4.4.3.BS khu trung84
4.4.4.B6 chiia bun:84

Chuang 5: DU" TOAN CHI PHI VA LI/A CHON CONG NGHE86

5.1.Dir toan chi phi86
5.1.1.Phirong an 186
5.1.2.Phuong an 291

5.2.Lua chpn phuong an xir ly96

CHI/ONG 6: QUAN LY VA VAN HANH HE THONG XlTLY98
6.1.Giai ctoan kh^i dpng98
6.2.Van hanh he thing98
6.2.1. Thai gian van hanh98
6.2.3.Tudigukhi6n....'.98

6.2.4.Nguyen tac hoat dpng99
6.2.5.Quy trinh van hanh99
6.2.6.Pha hoa chat100

6.2.7.Hoat dpng he thong100
6.3.Nguyen nhan va cac bien phap khac phuc su co trong van hanh he thong

xiily101
6.4.To chiic quan ly va kt thuat an toan104
6.4.1.T6 chuc quan ly104
6.4.2.Ki thuat an toan105
6.4.3 Baotri,106

7.1.K8tluan107
7.2. KiSnnghi107

TAI LIEU THAM KH AO •

DANH SACH BANG
Bang 2.1: Tiiu chuan mr&c thai tic cdc khu dich vu thuangmqi10
Bang2.2: Tieu chuan nu&c thai ticcongsd10

Bang 2.3: Tieu chuan nu&c thai tic cdc khu gidi tri11
Bang 2.4: Tdi trong chat thai trung binh mot ngdy tinh theo ddu nguai13
Bang 2.5: Luang chat ban mot nguai trong mot ngdy xd vdo he thong thodt nu&c

13
Bang 2.6: Thanh phdn trung binh cua nu&c thai sinh hoqt14
Bang 4.1: Thong so Met ke luu luqng nu&c thai sinh hoqt thdnhpho Long Xuyin
din nam 2020:29
Bang 4.2: Nong do cdc chat 6 nhiem trong nu&c thai ddu vdo31
Bang 4.3: Cdc thong so ddu ra cua nu&c thai sinh hoqt loqi A theo QCVN 14:

200831
Bang 4.4: Kit qua tinh todn thuy luc muang dan nu&c thai sau ngdn tiip nhdn 36
Bang 4.5: Thong so Met ke song chdn39
Bang 4.6: Kit qua tinh todn thuy luc muang dan nu&c thai tic song chdn rdc den
be langcdt39
Bang4.7: Thongsd MilkibiIdngcat ngang42
Bang 4.8: Thong so Met ke bi Idng ly tarn dot 147
Bang 4.9: Cdc thong so dqng hoc cua qua truth bun hoqt tinh & 27C47
Bang 4.10: Cdc thong so dpng hoc cua vi khudn nitrobacteria48

Bang 4.11: Thong si thiit ki bi SBR63
Bang 4.12: Thong so thiit ki bi tiip xitc65

Bang 4.13: Thong sd thiit ki bi AO80

Bang 4.14: Thong so thiit ki be Idng ly tdm dot 284
Bang 4.15 :Chiphixdy dungphuang an 188
Bang 4.16: Chi phi thiit bi phuang an 189
Bang 4.17 Chi phi dien ndngphuang an 190
Bang 4.18: Hoa chdtvd liiu luqng sic dung phuang an 190


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^5z up SiwnqdSunp iCvx iqd iijq: ^J'pSuvg


DANH SACH HiNH
Hinh 2.1: Thanh phdn cdc chat ban trong nude thai sinh hoat12
Hinh 2.2: So do long qudt cong nghe xic ly nude thai cho cdc mice do lam sqch
khdenhau22
Hinh 2.3: So do nguyen lyva cdc mice do xu ly nude thai24
Hinh 4.1: So do cong nghe he thogn xu ly nude thaiphuong an 132
Hinh 4.2: So do cong nghe he thogn xu ly nude thai phuong an 234
Hinh 4.3: So do can tao cua ngdn tiep nhqn35

Hinh 4.4: So dd cdc viing thi tich trong bi SBR49
Hinh 4.5: Can tao Decanter thu nude61

DANH SACH CAC TlT VIET TAT
bCODNhu cau oxy hoa hoc co the phan hiiy sinh hoc (Biodegradable
Chemical Oxygen Demand)
BOD5Nhu cau oxy sinh hoc 5 ngay (Biology Oxygen Demand)
BTNMTBo Tai nguyen Moi truong
CODNhu c^u oxy hoa hoc (Chemical Oxygen Demand)
DOOxy hoa tan (Dissolved Oxigen)
F/MTy le thuc an cua vi sinh vat/ vi sinh vat (Food/Microorganism)
GDPTong san pham npi dia (Gross Domestic Product)
HPMa Lire (Horsepower)
iTSST6ng ran lo lung tru (Inert Total Suspended Solids)
NNitor
nbVSSChat ran lo liing bay bai khong phan huy sinh hoc
(Nonbiodegradable Volatile Suspended Solids)
MLSSHam luong chat ran la lung (Mixed Liquor Suspended Solids)
MLVSSHam lupng chat ran la lung bay hai (Mixed Liquor Volatile
Suspended Solids)

PPhotpho
QCVNQuy chuln Viet Nam
TCXDVN

Tilu chuln xay dung Viet Nam

rbCODNhu cau oxy hoa hoc co the phan huy sinh hoc de dang (Readily
Biodegradable Chemical Oxygen Demand)

RBC

Dia quay sinh hoc (Rotating Biological Contactors)


SBRBe phan ling gian doan theo me (Sequencing Batch Reactor)
SDNRX6c dp klni niter rieng (Specific Denitrification Rate)
SRTThai gian luu bun (Sludge Retention Time)
ssChSt r^n la liing (Suspended Solid)
SVIChi s6 thS tich bun (Sludge Volume Index)

TKNxdng nita Kjeldahl (Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen)
TST6ng chdt rln (Total Solid)
UBNDUy ban nhan d^n
UASBXu ly sinh hoc dong chay nguac qua tang bun ki khi (Upflow
Anaerobic Slugdge Blanket)

c^it r5n la liing bay hai (Volatile Suspended Solids)


GVHD: Th.S Nguyen Thanh HungKhoa luan t6t nghiep
Chuo-ngl:M6'DAU
Cung vdi sir phat trien cua kinh te xa hoi, ap lire ma con ngudi dat len moi
trudng ngay cang tang. Nen nong nghiep, cong nghiep hien dai va toe do do thi
hoa nhanh lam cho cac van dS moi trudng ngay cang trd nen gay gat. Khi thai,

nude thai va chdt thai An thai ra ngay cang nhieu la nguyen nhan gay nen 6
nhiem moi trudng. Be xay dung mot xa hoi tien bo va ben vung, van de bao ve
moi truong la van de cap bach can diroc cpng dong quan tarn.

Thanh ph6 Long Xuyen la thanh ph6 trung tam cua tinh An Giang dong
thoi cung la mot trong so trung tam chinh tri, kinh te, van hoa va khoa hoc ky

thuat cua vung D6ng blng song Cvra Long. Nam 2009, Chinh phu da cong nhan
thanh pho Long Xuyen la do thi loai II true thuoc tinh An Giang.
Hien nay, thanh ph6 dang phai doi mat vdi nhung thach thiic ldn ve 6
nhiem moi trudng. Mot trong nhung nguyen nhan la do thanh pho van chua co he

th6ng xir ly nude thai sinh hoat, ph^n ldn nude thai sinh hoat thoat chung vdi he
thong thoat nude mua hoac xa true tiep ra kenh, song, rach gan nhat khong cd bat

ky bien phap nao xu ly nguon nude thai. Dieu nay, dan den 6 nhiem moi trudng,
anh hudng sue klide cong dong va lam mat ve my quan cua thanh pho.

Do do, viec xay dung he thong xu ly nude thai thanh pho Long Xuyen la
het sue can thiet nham giam 6 nhiem moi trudng, benh tat do nude thai bi tu
dpng va khong dugc xu ly, tao dieu kien song tot hern cho ngudi dan, gdp phan
phat trien kinh te xa hoi. Mat khac, thanh pho Long Xuyen la mot thanh pho tre,
nang dong vdi toe do do thi hoa kha nhanh dien hinh la su tang dan so, xay dung
them cac diem dich vu kliach san, nha hang, trudng hpc, sieu thi...luu lupng

nude thai va tai luong 6 nhiem se tang nhanh hang nam. Vi vay, toi da thuc hien
de tai "Tinh todn thiet ke he thong xie ly nuotc thai sinh hoat cho thanh pho
Long Xuyen din nam 2020"

SVTH: V5 Hua Huy6n Tram


GVHD: Th.S Nguyln Thanh HungKhoa luan t6t nghiep

Chuong 2: LlTOfC KHAO TAI LIEU
2.1. Tong quan ve thanh pho Long Xuyen

2.1.1.Vi trf aia ly
Thanh pho Long Xuyen true thupc tinh An Giang, thupc ha luu viing Dong
bang song Cuu Long. Long Xuyen nam tren quoc 16 91, ben bo song Hau, each

Thu do Ha Npi 1950 km v6 phfa Nam, each Thanh phd H6 Chi Minh 190 km v6
phia Tay Nam, each bien giai Campuchia 45 km duong chim bay.
Tpa dp dia ly: 1018' B^c va 10530' kinh dp Dong, Phia Tay B^c giap voi
huyen Chau Thanh, Dong B^c ti8p giap voi huyen Chp Moi, Tay giap huyen
Thoai Son, Nam giap huyen Th6t N6t ciia thanh ph6 CSn Tho.
(Uy ban nhdn dan Thanh phd Long Xuyen, 2011)
2.1.2.Dien tich - Dun vi hanh chinh

Thanh ph6 Long Xuyen co dien tich la 115,3439 km2 co 13 don vi hanh
chinh true thupc g6m 11 phuong va 02 xa:
Cac phuong
1.

Phuong Binh Due

2.

Phuong Binh Khanh

3.

Phuong Dong Xuyen

4.

Phuong My Binh

5.

Phuong My Hoa

6.

Phuong My Long

7.

Phuong My Phudc

8.

Phuong My Quy

9.

Phuong MyThanh

10. Phuong My Thoi
11. Phuong My Xuyen
Cac xa:
1.

Xa My Hoa Hung

2.

Xa My Khanh
(Uyban nhdn dan Thanh phd Long Xuyen, 2011)

SVTH: Vo Hiia Huy^n Tram


GVHD: Th.S Nguygn Thanh HungKhoa luan t6t nghiep
2.1.3. Dae diem khi hau

Khi hau thanh ph6 Long Xuyen co tinh chat khi hau nhiet ddi gid miia vdi
mot nen nhiet dp cao quanh nam va lupng mua tuang doi phong phii.

Nhiet dp khdng khi tai thanh ph6 Long Xuyen tuong doi cao va rat on dinh.
Nhiet dp trung binh nam: 27,7C. Nhiet dp khong khi thay ddi theo mua nhung
bien dp nhiet tuong.ddi nhd. Nhung thing co chenh lech nhiet dp ldn nhat vao
mua khd khoang 1,5 ddn 3C. Con mua mua chenh lech khoang 1C. Mua khd
nhiet dp cao nhat trung binh 35 ddn 36C. Mua mua nhiet dp thap nhat trung binh
khoang20ddn21C.
Che dp gio tai thanh phd Long Xuyen dac trung bdi tic ddng cua cic he
thong hoan luu gio miia nen rat on dinh. Huong gio chii dao thay doi theo miia:
Tir thing 5 ddn thing 11 chu ydu la gio Tay Nam, Nam - Tay Nam. Tir thing 12
ddn thing 4 nam sau chu ydu la gio Dong Bic, Bac - Dong Bac. Toe dp gio
tucrng doi manh, trung binh deu dat tren 3 m/s.

Che dp mua tai Long Xuyen anh hudng theo 2 mua gio, su bien dpng cua
mua tuong doi phiic tap nhung muc dp bien dpng khong ldn. Lupng mua chu
yeu tap trung vao mua mua tir thing 5 den thing 11, chiem khoang 90% lupng
mua ci nam. Lupngmua trung binh ca nam tai Long Xuyen tir 1400 den 1500
mm. Trong do miia mua chiem tir 1300 den 1350 mm va tap trung nhieu nhat vao
thing 10 vdi lupng mua tir 500 den 600 mm. Luang mua hang nam tai Long

Xuyen khong ldn lam nhung cudng dp mua trung binh mot ngay la 13,5 mm.
Lupng boc hoi nude tai Long Xuyen cung chiu anh hudng theo miia. Mua kho
lupng boc hai rit ldn thudng chidm 2/3 lupng boc hai ci nam, ma cao nhit la
vao thing 3 (han 160 mm) lupng bde hai nho nhit vio thing 9 va thing 10 la
thing co mua nhieu va dp am ldn (khoang 80 mm). Lupng boc hai ci nam tai
Long Xuyen khoang 1300 mm. Do co lupng boc hai nude ldn nen mac du co
mot miia kho keo dai, khi hau Long Xuyen van thupc loai am.
Dp am tirang doi cua khong khi tai Long Xuyen phu thupc chii yeu vao che
dp mua. Miia kho dp am tuang ddi thap (tir 70 den 76%). Mua mua tirang ddi
cao (ldn han 80%, ci biet co thing xip xi 90%).
So gid nang tai Long Xuyen va viing Nam Bd ndi chung tuang ddi cao vi
tuang ddi deu trong cic thing. Mua mua so gid nang co it han nhung binh quin
mdi ngay cung co tir 5 den 6 gid nang.
(Uyban nhdn dan Thanh pho Long Xuyen, 2011)

SVTH: Vo Hua Huyen Tram


GVHD: Th.S Nguyln Thanh HungKhda luan t6t nghiep
2.1.4.Dae diem thuy van

Song Hau cung cap nude va phii sa cho vung tii giac Long Xuygn, sau 13
m. Doan song Hau chay qua dia phan thanh pho Long Xuyen co chieu dai 15 km,
chigu rpng trung binh tir 800 ddn 1000 m. Song Hau la ngu6n cung cap nude
ngpt cho cac tinh, dong thai la true giao thong quoc gia, quoc te quan trpng cua
dong bang song Cuu Long. Muc nude cao nhat 241 cm va thap nhat 88 cm.

^ thanh pho Long Xuyen muc nude ngam tang ndng tir 40 - 80 m. Rach
Long Xuyen rpng 100 m, sau 8 m, Qw = 300 mVs, hudng chay la hudng Dong
B^e-TayNam.

Chg dp thuy van tai Long Xuyen phu thupc vao thuy van song Hau theo che
dp ban nhat triSu khong dlu. Dp chenh lech triSu binh quan tir 0,8 - 1,1 m vao
mua kho, tu 0,2 - 0,5 m vao mua lu. Muc nude dinh trieu cao binh quan tu 1,1
den 1,4 m, vao mua kho va tir 1,7 den 2,3 m vao mua lu.

Chg dp thuy van tai Long Xuygn cung nhu mot so tinh khac cua Nam Bp la
chiu anh hudng cua lu he thong song Cuu Long. Mua lu thudng bat dau tir thang
8 keo dai dgn thang 11 hang nam, gay ngap ling va klid khan cho viec thoat nude
cua do thi vao miia mua.

(Uy ban nbdn dan Thanh phS Long Xuyen, 2011)
2.1.5.Dae diem dia hinh, dia chat

Dia hinh thanh pho Long Xuygn tuong doi bang phang va cao dp mat dat
tucrng doi thap bj chia cat bdi cac kgnh rach, muong, Hep, ao ho. Cao dp tir 1 2,5 m so vdi muc nude bign.

Khu vuc mat dat cd cao dp tir 2 - 3 m la khu vuc npi 6 gom 2 phudng My
Binh, My Long va ven true quoc 16 91.
Khu vuc cd cao dp mat dit tir 1,5 - 2,5 m, phan ldn la ven cac song rach
chinh nhu song Hau, rach Long Xuyen va ven cac true 16.
-Cac khu vuc con lai cd cao dp mat dat nhd hon 1,5 m la cac khu vuc rupng

trdng va cac khu vuc cd cao dp nhd hon 2 m; cac khu vuc nay thudng bi anh
hudng ngap nude vao mua lu hang nam.
Dia chat: gom cd set, cat min, san, sdi...

(Uy ban nhan dan Thanh phS Long Xuyen, 2011)

SVTH: Vo Hiia Huygn Tram

GVHD: Th.S Nguyen Thanh HiingKhoa luan tit nghiep
2.1.6. Dae dlim kinh t6
Nam 2011 thu nhap binh quandlu ngubi dat 55,6 trieu dong/ngudi, gap doi
so vdi binh quan cua tinh.

Vg ca cSu kinh te, ty trqng khu vuc thurong mai - dich vu chiem 71,49%,
cong nghiep - xay dung chiem 25,10%, rieng ty trpng klm vuc nong nghiep giam
chi con 3,41%. Co cau kinh ti thanh pho the hien thi manh ciia khu vuc dich vu
va cong nghiep. Vdi ca cau kinh tg nay thanh phi Long Xuygn co nen tang vung
chac dg canh tranh vdi cac do thi khac trong vung.
(Uy ban nhdn dan Thanh pho Long Xuyen, 2011)
Trong giai doan 2007- 2011, t6c dp tang trirbng binh quan cua thanh pho
Long Xuygn dat 14,22%, cao han binh quan cua tinh; huy dong cac nguon luc xa
hoi trien khai dupe 13 du an chp, sigu thi, trung tarn thuang mai vdi tong von dau
hr 230 ty ddng va 17.000 USD; nhilu khu do thi mdi dupe hinh thanh, ha t^ng
giao thong dupe dau tu dong bp... Do la nhung digu kien quan trong de dgn nam

2015, Long Xuyen xay dung hoan chinh cac tieu chi do thi loai II va phan dau
dupe cong nhan do thi loai I vao nam 2020.
Dae biet, thanh pho Long Xuyen da thu hut va hinh thanh nhieu hoat dong
thuang mai - dich vu chuygn nghiep tren dia ban, nhu: Metro, Co.opMart,

Vinatex Mart, dien may Chp Ldn va cac hoat dong tai chinh- tin dung cua nhigu
ngan hang... da tao dong luc thuc day phat trign kinh tg - xa hoi dia phuang.

Hien tai, co nhung du an ldn dang d giai doan chuyen tiep, dau tu mdi hoac da
dupe tinh chap thuan chu truang dau tu nhu: khu nha hang - khach san 5 sao
dudi chan cau Hoang Dieu, sieu thi Vinh Tra, du an ALPHANAM Golden City khu lien hop van hda, the thao, dich vu, hoi chp trien lam va dan cu phudng My

Hoa... Bgn canh do, Sd Cong thuang da lign kit vdi Co.opMart va Vinatex Mart

de tiep tuc dau tu he thong phan phoi ban le sieu thi, cua hang tien ich tren dia
ban Long Xuygn.

Mot trong nhOng dia diim thi hien hieu qua trong cong tac kgu gpi dau tu
cua thanh pho Long Xuyen la cum cong nghiep My Quy khi da thu hut dupe 4
doanh nghiep thug 13,2 ha, lip diy 100% dien tich dit cong nghiep tai day. Dg
ho trp thanh pho Long Xuyen dau tu hoan chinh co sd kinh te - xa hoi theo Nghi
quyit 03-NQ/TU, ngay 4 thang 12 nam 2006 cua Ban Thudng vu Tinh uy, trong
5 nam qua, UBND tinh da phan bo nguon von cho thanh pho gan 847 ty dong de
tap trung phat trien cac llnh vuc: cong nghiep, nong nghiep - thuy lpi - thuy san,

giao thong van tai, khoa hoc cong nghe, giao due dao tao, y tg, van hda thong tin,

SVTH: Vo Hua Huyin Tram5^


GVHD: Th.S Nguygn Thanh HungKhoa luan t6t nghiep
quan ly Nha nude... Tu do, nhieu cong trinh quan trqng da dupe hoan thanh, dua
vao phuc vu nhan dan.

(Ngo Chuan, 2012)
2.1.7. Dae dilm xa hoi

?Dan so va lao dong
Dan s6 toan thanh phd dSn nam 2011 la 280.051 ngudi. Mat do dan s6 la
2.428 ngudi/km2. Trong do npi thi, vdi dien ti'ch 84,59 km2, dan s6 246.900
ngudi (chiSm 88,16% dan s6); ngoai thi, vdi dien tich 30,72 km2, dan s6 33.151
ngudi (chi&n 11,84% dan s6). Ty le tang dan s6 tu nhien cac nam 2009, 2010,

2011 lln lupt la 11,10%, 10,70%, 10,60%.
Dan cu ciia thanh pho phan bo khong dong deu giua cac don vi hanh chinh
phudng xa, tap hung mat dp cao chu yeu a npi thi va cac vung ven do. Mat dp

dan so cao nhat la phudng My Xuyen 25.763 ngudi/km2 va phudng My Long
16.832 ngudi/km2, thgp nhlt la xa My Hda Hung 1.033 ngudi/km2.
Dan s6 trong dp tudi lao dong cua thanh phd Long Xuyen nam 2011 la
197.272 ngudi, chiSm 70,44% t6ng dan s6. Dan s6 lao dong cua kliu vuc npi thi
la 175.264 ngudi, chi^m 88,84%.
(Uy ban nhan dan Thanh pho Long Xuyen, 2011)
?Giao due
Tinh den nay thanh pho Long Xuyen co 13 trudng dat chuan quoc gia
(chiem ty le 22,8% tong so trudng thanh pho quan ly), gom 2 trudng mau giao, 7
trudug tieu hoc va 4 trudng trung hoc co so; cong nltan 27/27 trudng tieu hoc dat
chuan muc chat lupng va toi thieu.

Cong tac xa hoi hoa giao due ngay cang dupe xa hoi quan tam dau tu, da
hinh thanh va di vao hoat dong 10 trudng mam non tu thuc va 55 diem, lap mam
non tu thuc; 2 trudng tieu hoc va 2 trudng pho thong. Tat ca 13 phudng deu co
trung tam hoc tap cong dong.

Trudng dai hoc An Giang nam tren dia ban thanh pho Long Xuyen, la trung
tam dao tao dai hoc da nganh (kinh te, ky thuat), dong thai la trung tam nghien
cuu, ling dung va chuyen giao cong nghe phuc vu nhu cau phat trien kinh tS - xa
hoi tinh An Giang, Dong Thap, Kien Giang va cac tinh Ian can. Hang nam trudng
dao tao han 5.000 can bp trinh dp dai hoc va dudi dai hoc.

SVTH: Vo Hiia Huyen Tram

GVHD: Th.S Nguyin Thanh HungKhoa luan t6t nghiep
Tren ilia ban co cac ca sa dao tao nghg nhvr : trubng Trung cap nghg Kinh
tg Ky thuat cong doan, truang Ky thuat nghiep vu Giao thong Van tai, truang

Trung hoc Y tg, trung tarn gidi thieu viec lam (Sd lao dong - Tlurong binh - Xa
hoi), Trung tarn day nghg - Giai thieu viec lam Hoi ndng dan, Trung tam Dich vu
Viec lam Phu nu va nhieu ca sd dang ky hoat dong day nghe. Ngoai ra, con cd

nhung ca sd ngoai cong lap tham gia day nghe ngan han, gdp phan dao tao nghe
cho ngudi lao dohg. Hang nam to chiic dao tao nghe cho khoang 2.500 - 3.000
lao dong.

(Uy ban nhan dan Thanh pho Long Xuyen, 2011)

?Y tg
Theo thong kg dgn thai digm hien nay dia ban Long Xuyen co 19 ca sd y te
hoat dong (17 ca sd cong lap), vdi 1.370 giudng, trong do co 04 benh vien da
khoa (02 benh vien da khoa ngoai cong lap), 02 benh vien chuygn khoa, 13 tram
y tg phudng, xa. Nganh y tg cua thanh pho quan ly 01 benh vien da khoa, 01
trung tam y tg va 13 tram y tg phudng, xa vdi quy mo 2100 giudng. 100% tram y
tg cd bac si. 13/13 tram y tg dat chuan qudc gia y tg xa va dat chuan tign tign vg y
hoc cd truygn.

Ngoai ra, la dia ban thanh phd, trung tam cua tinh ngn cac ca sd hanh nghg
y dugc tu nhan tap trung kha ldn, hien dang quan ly 560 ca sd (366 ca sd y dich vu y tg va 244 ca sd dugc).
Nganh y tg thanh phd dang dugc tidp tuc dau tu xay dung: nang cap va md
rdng benh vien Long Xuygn vdi quy md 80 giudng, dap ling ty le 50 giudng
benh/10.000 dan; nang cap cho 05 tram y tg xudng cap la My Quy, Ddng Xuygn,
Binh Due, My Thai, My Thanh; dang lap hd sa dau tu xay dung he thong xu ly
nude thai y tg cho 07 tram y tg chua cd he thong nay tu ngudn ngan sach thanh

phd; con xa My Khanh, My Hda Hung nam trong du an xay dung ndng thdn mdi
se dugc kinh phi Trung uang hd trg.
(Uy ban nhan dan Thanh pho Long Xuyen, 2011)
?Van hoa
Hien cd 78,8% ho dan dat chuan gia dinh van hda, 95,8% dugc cong nhan
khu dan cu tign tign, khdm ap van hda, 98% ca quan van hda, 96,8% trudng hoc
van hda va 02 xa dat danh hieu van hda.

SVTH: V6 Hiia Huyen Tram


GVHD: Th.S Nguyln Thanh Hung

'Khda luan t6t nghiep

Mang ludi thilt did van hoa da dang va phan bo rpng kMp, dam bao phuc
vu t6t cho moi hoat dong vui choi, giai tri. Tren dia ban thanh pho co 04 nha van
hoa phudng, xa; 15 thu vien va phdng doc cac loai (01 thu vien do tinh quan ly).
Thdng qua he thdng 13 dai truyen thanh vdi 670 loa truyen thanh, cac chu
tniong, chinh sach cua Dang, phap luat ciia Nha nude va cac nhiem vu chinh tri
cua dia phuang dupe tuyen truyen den ngudi dan.
(Uyban nhan dan Thanh pho Long Xuyen, 2011)
2.1.8. Hien trang cap thoat nuofc va 6 nhlem moi tru-ong do nuoc thai

sinh hoat 61 thanh pho Long Xuyen
Hien thanh pho Long Xuyen co nha may nude Binh Due vdi cong suat
34.000 mVngay dem, nha may nude Long Xuyen cd cong suit 9.000 m3/ngay
dent. Ben canh do con cd cac he thong cap nude tap trung cho cac cum dan cu

nhd le, tong cong suat cap nude sach tren dia ban thanh pho dat 45.000 m3/ ngay

dem.

He thong thoat nude tren dia ban thanh pho chii yeu phuc vu cho thoat nude
mua va thoat nude ban. Tai khu vuc npi thanh, he thong thoat nude kha hoan
chinh vdi he thong cong chung (nude mua va nude ban chay chung) tong chieu
dai he thing cdng la 263,5 km vdi 9.203 hi ga, mat dp cdng thoat nude la 3,33
km/km2. Cong thoat nude chu yeu la loai betong tron cd dudng kinh 0400 01.000; tai cac khu vuc clip va khu pho npi 6 cu cd mot so tuyen mupng dap
dang phtjc vu thoat nude trong kltu vuc.

(Uy ban nhan dan Thanh pho Long Xuyen, 2012)
Do chua cd he thong xu ly nude thai tap trung, khu lien hop xii ly rac thai,
tinh trang 6 nhiem moi trudng van con xay ra d nhieu noi nhu: Rach Cai Son,
Tarn Bdt, Ba B8u, 6ng Manh... Day dupe xem la mot trong nhung thach thuc

doi vdi quyet tam phat trien thanh do thi loai I cua Long Xuyen vao nam 2020.

(Ngo Chudn, 2012)
Cupc song cua nhieu ngudi dan song doc theo tuyen rach Cai Son, Xeo

Chanh phai chiu anh hudng nang ne bdi rac thai sinh hoat va nude thai cua
nhieu ca sd san xuat kinh doanh, benh vien va chinh mot so ngudi thieu y thiic
khien ddng nude trong xanh ngay nao gid trd thanh tuyen rach den, gay 6 nhiem
moi trudng. Chay doc theo tuyen rach Cai San, hay re qua rach Xeo Chanh
(phudng My Phudc), de dang bat gap rat nhieu rac thai sinh hoat noi lenh benh
tren mat nude cd mau due ngau, den si, boc mui hoi tanh. Tren dia ban thanh pho

SVTH: Vo Hua HuySn Tram8


GVHD: Th.S Nguygn Thanh HungKhoa luan t6t nghiep

Long Xuyen co rat nhieu con kenh, rach... cung chung "so phan" 6 nhiem nhtr

rach Cai So^, Xeo Chanh, gay anh huong khong nhd den ddi song va sire khde
cua rat nhieu ho ngudi dan dang sinh song doc theo nhung tuyen kenh, rach nay.

(Bdo An Giang, 2012)
1.1. Tong quan ve nuoc thai sinh hoat
2.2.1. Nguon goc phat sinh nude thai sinh hoat

Nude thai sinh hoat la nude thai dupe thai bo sau khi su dung cho cac muc
dich sinh hoat cua cpng dong: tarn giat giu, tay nra, ve sinh cac nhan,... Chiing
thudng duac thai ra trr cac can ho, ca quan, trudng hoc, benh vien, cha va cac

cong trinh cong cpng khac (Lam Minh Triet va ctv, 2006).
1.1.1. Lupng nuoc thai sinh hoat

Nude thai sinh hoat thudng tu 65% den 80% so lupng nude cap di qua dong
ho cac ho dan, ca quan, benh vien, trudng hoc, khu thuong mai, khu giai tri
v.v...; 65% ap dung cho noi kho ndng, ca nude cap dung cho viec tudi cay cd.

(Trinh Xuan Lai, 2000)
Luang nude thai sinh hoat cua khu dan cu dupe xac dinh tren ca sd nude
cap. Tieu chuan nude thai sinh hoat ciia cac khu dan cu do thi thudng la tu 100
den 250 1/ngudi.ngay dem (doi vdi cac nude dang phat trien) va tu 150 den 500
1/ngudi. ngay dem (doi vdi cac nude phat trien). CS nude ta tieu chuan cap nude
dao dong tu 120 den 180 1/ngudi.ngay. Doi vdi khu vuc nong thon, tieu chuan
cap nude sinh hoat tir 50 d^n 100 1/ngudi. ngay. Thong thudng tieu chuan nude
th^i sinh hoat liy b^ng 90 dSn 100% tieu chuin cap nude. Ngoai ra, lupng nude
thai sinh hoat cua khu dan cu con phu thupc vao trang thiet bi ve sinh nha d, dac
diem khi hau thai tiet va tap quan sinh hoat cua ngudi dan. Lupng nude thai sinh

hoat tai cac ca sd dich vu cong trinh cong cpng phu thupc vao loai cong trinh,
chiic nang, s6 ngudi tham gia, phuc vu trong do.
(Trdn Due Ha, 2006)

SVTH: Vo Hiia Huyen Tram


Khoa luan t6t nghiep

GVHD: Th.S Nguyln Thanh Hung

Bang 2.1: Tieu chudn nude thai tie ede khu dich vu thuong mai
Luu luung (l/dom vi tinh - ngay)
Nguon nuoc thai^(m vi tinh

Khoang dao dong Tri so tieu bien
7,5-15

Nha ga, san bay

Hanh khach

Gara - 6 to, sua xe

Bau xe

Quan bar

Khach hang

3,8-19

Nguai phuc vu

38-60

Kho hang hoa

Nha ve sinh
Nhan vien phuc vu

Khach san

Hieu giat la

Khach

26-50

1515-2270
30-45
151-212

Nguai phuc vu

26-49

Cong nhan

26-60

May giat

1703-2460

Tiem an

Nguai an

7,5-15

Sieu thi

Nguai lam viec

26-50

Co quan

Nhan vien

26-60

11
38
11
50

1900
38

180
38
49
2080
11

38
49

Nguon: Metcalf and Eddy, 2004

Bang 2.2: Tieu chudn nude thai tie cong sd
Luu luong (1/don vi tinh - ngay)
Nguon nuoc thai" vi tinh
Benh vien

Giucmg benh
Nhan vien phuc vu

Benh vien tarn than

Giucmg benh
Nhan vien phuc vu

Nhatu

Tu nhan
Quan giao

Nha nghi

Nguai trong nha

Khoang dao dong Tri so tieu bieu

190-455

625
38
378
38
435
38
322

56-113

95

473 - 908
19-56
284-530
19-56
284-530
19-56

dieu duong
Truong Dai hoc

Sinh vien

Ngudn: Metcalf and Eddy, 2004

SVTH: Vo Hiia HuySn Tram

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