• !"#
• $%&'()*+,+-.!/0 !"#
• 1%&'()*+,+-.23.4+55#
• 67893+:
%;<=
!"#$%$
&'(
)*+,-"./0
$123"4567/,892:
;8<=;
!"
>?8:>?@!
0ABCDE);5
D=),!F);5GHI2<FI2<JI2K
>@8:L?@!
0ABC
D=),!(F);5
D;#$%)$M:7I7
>A8:><N?@!86O>?@!<6OOL?@!
0ABC;#$%)$M:7I7G?,K;#$%./0
>B8:><N?@!86OL?@!<6OO>?@!
0ABC;#$%EPQ8./0G;#$%AR#$%)?R#$%)S
?;#$%98B=HT
%&'()*+,),+-.!#
I. Định hướng đổi mới dạy học Địa lý.
1. Vì sao phải đổi mới PPDH Địa lý.
!F&'<U:,)2FVWXYU#$%
!UZ1($
0A*3J[E\1:-<U/,)HH<:)U"
:
2. Quan điểm đổi mới PPDH Địa lý.
$##;-99Y8;#$%]#H1UX,F:1^$
$U_)99Y8/1)99Y8=!?`)99Y87XA
$U)99Y8/U,Sa,b2X4F:</*:"X5F`
$#$#c?,*,),Fd<AU:)`138J($
2)]&<:7
$#1#=!AU1)34AUG=)<]1<]$,<AU#eKf
3,)2"8J+(:)U<($a,)<?,
$#6#;-99Y8!g%AhU,*,),12:iAM3
!),AM,*,),AUb
$#C#;-99Y8-))?I+X,F:
!DEF GH!I" JKL%M!
NOPO,( "5.QRNOP+N
S. 8$I)3?,
$^<I13
W(<?4<)
3+
8$I)3?UC8J3
d<,)/<)
32?<($
,j5
ET* YU$I)3
M4F[.
YU$I)3-4U
X48J
%UV =g5,4<
W(<W&+827
,1i<Z
'HAS?
:7
=g3($
G:)U<a,)eK<
AU99)82),
4!F:7/U
*$
&R `J[ED2?
F[.
`BCJ[E<[.<
]]ek2?<
/!F8J
37?<7+
#,*
0Z58JI
>5>
=),*,),Al
+<M?4
=)993d<<+I?
5RAU*)
!W-
W
=7#CUm
4F$,<[.
7A/+$,
=*<$UC8"$,<"
,dH/<"<
?e<)<
U<]1<+$,7
A/[.
1#)XT>5>+-.!#
3.1. Định hướng.
H1UX,F8Jf,)HHFF8JX,
8:"F2X4<!-4<2)U)<:)U"8J
0!:nd$oB?4A5pYU,+$1!Z3
$k,:)$ZB
qLGiải pháp.
;-:U))`:$h:U
JU))$/5I<:U))?]):C
* Bước 1:Q)#MFC[)!&)#H&)<M2M!U?
4<W():!U[.!:iAM)`1H$a1<)AS`
M
* Bước 2:Q)#?4<)AHF
0ZA1!a$)5<)_<X,
* Bước 3:??)UF[.8JC=)U??]?3AU<[!A
?34U<)U
;--4AU$,
-4A 8JU),*/AU#$%C=,)2
UfU.3X!()U$X,<*)a,)F8J
-4<A 8JX,<&i$%J[E3$UCc:)Z<
32+I?)_<X,
=+?,*,),7]#-<B(),AM)
,*,),<34-4AU
D=),*,),7B1,*,),AS$G?3<++<
UK1,*,),:iAM),*/I
D=),*,),C[+I?5<a,)<+$X<4<1e
)rH*7
II. Vận dụng các PPDH Địa lý theo định hướng đổi mới.
1. Cải tiến các PPDH truyền thống.
##Y.>>5>RZ0#
#O[Z99,-?5<a[.:iAM5AU;#$%
AS2U?4*71<,4U,h+5$)P)/
\]+3.
99?3,s,[.33 FA$H<F)b+I?
5)
995/+H
U?<[.12US$g<)1/7<8J
7$a$Z?4#$%<,Sa,3F$,AF<<<
Ua+4
\^+3.
99AU$5[.$<H,)aHF<H<:)U"8J99
?3rB_"8JI)3X4M<HU*2:a1,)
2Z1Rr,s,:U3)/$^24
\%&'(E?3!Z_!:+$,+:
^t!:k$U%H0??33!A%<1I)I)
R4u?3R-<$a1
b. PP đàm thoại:;U$991$#:i$a:iAM&8/7_P),$7
$v
"Y1_N;U)/<U+HPUa"G*&K=!
(Ua"5$a/b_
\]+3.
Y/7_1X$Hbn<1)AMA 8J`),)<,)
/+5F:X</a<99U3dV,)/1%^H
/4gX4$7:H<$/+I?5b<
8JaF+4rMB]`1$k)Z
991+(HH8J3d)$X,Z?4Z_
[.b
U8J)(R5/I+/,)22?F8J
=5,H/,+B43G+[8JKR?8J122a5<`
1[.122:i$u8J
E?H,)2W(A"5,
\^+3.995)$991XAM<?[.1:j
#:^!F
\%&'(#
/99Ua",+$?)_+$7?,
)*!]3$]/7a:k,&?,a,$%[.!_$
:1_$)__<UZo7p+$
_$
99AU5$)AU),)<3d?41A R?)
_a%I)<I)M238J+5)*3),)<a$U?H
_a%ba%M23128J$U+5112),)?4
.3?,+ka+(F8J:iAM99
0A)_,+a:U+:,Sa,3F8J<:7$aH5
,4U,F)_!(4H5,4U,F7aGA5K32
3?4<W(F8J
#$#Y.'`RU5 ab#
#'`RU9T+:#
\ET*#
\SOa#
\]+3.)X^+3.#
]+3.[g,8J)?4#$%`+BC:,7<b2F)7a)
/a#$%R:7I$X#$%R7I/F)7a</a#$%b
);58J12)U$Ua3+)$'-a4Zb2*+
Fg,+4?,#
/+B<8J:nw$/aW(+BRr$W(!?
X,<4d!?:7
E,HA)+B<::)<7?&)$X,)7$/#$%e<8J:n,)
2aA$H
^+3.EUa2a:)7a#$%8J
9#'`RUT+#
xh+5C8JI:)<,H+232a)/#$%
xc3/
B1:Q)#MH<!I:)<,H+
B2:8Jk$U))?4`+XAM2,H
B3:8J2a)/#$%[.j&)?4
xya2
Vy2C991+(38J)2a<)/#$%)M2<
:RB8JAlA?,?4
V0a2C99H1)AM/,)2A1"aF8J
xT:7$%C
V+,+2/b2<+,+z,<v
V[./2:iAM+J[E[.:U/7_A Ak8J),)
#'`RU93+:
h+5C9<JJ):7$/I2B2gE7a</a#$%
<EPQ8
c3/
VB1CQ)#MH<!:iAM2B
VB2:[.A 8J))?4`2BG?5K
VB3:8J,H<X&s?$X[.j&)?4
ya2
y2C[g,8JAlAX?<kkab2F)7a</a#$%
b5g<I)3,)2<7I/<7*I:7$aZ)7a
/a#$%=1+(,)2A8J
0a2CYH5IF2B<,*,),H1)AM/,)2
1"a8J*AU
T:7$%C.u$U2B1),H.YChd,+g%::)<7
?$<_A/H)7a?a,:7$/whg%A7)
Rg%)<?a,,H:7$/R2gX&s
R#'`RU.Q#
xh+5Cc:))32)<$^?4
xya2
Dy2C991$a?/38J)2a<)/#$%
)M2<:RB8JAlA?,?4=1+(,)2A8J
D0a2C99d_AU$,<[.!!*
AU<)):7
xT:7$%C[.!j#W)_=)_,+:Z2!
I:)[.!:iAM35$732)$gg
A 8JT3!b"#HX$a5+:12I:)
x.YCJiAM3o);52ITbp2AU/aS)
;5Gh{V;#$%$,|K
#1#>5>RNO59XaX#
h+5C8A 8J?))<)<)/M22!
F
c3/
h>C0MH<!
hLC[.A 8J?)/M2SAt!8J
b$UZ?4*+1$I?
hqC8J/)/]A F[.
hmC-?<))C8J3?I+[.j&)?4<:i$u8:Z
$ub,
Ưu nhược điểm.
y2CU*8JwW([.1,+B<I1&]&s
/AU1!+?31A ?8JUH*
5699
0a2C995d_1F,*/<$/3/a
T:7$%C[.2/$F:k!2):R&1b
+),7k<gj1<2/$F:
.YC+B<$aB#3}$/$,G;#$%$,|K
$#%&'(!.#
2.1. Dạy học phát hiện và giải quyết vấn đề.
G;b:Z3715K
%W[.b5<)+I?R8J+I?<[.))
%W$[.b5<a%R8J+I?<[.8JS))
%W1[.5,U37R8J,)/5<&5)+?$
+,),[.8JS))
%W68J,)/5`37<&5+?<+I?))
?I+
SOa
B1:;b5GU3715K
B2:[+I?5G3),*)+I?@)+?K
B3:E?$XG(#)_),*)@+?'K
]^+3.
]+3.99Y8,)/+I?5g,8J`ka?4<`ka
99?41<`,)2AH1(XAM437
<j#($H4:7&'
^+3.T5
%&'(;$99b8J54 <3?3715
,+,Sa,X4F8J37bI)AlI)1$U/
I+
JYU,!oEHX=9
B1:;.;C=,"UA*HX15?~
B2:[c.;C8J+?GqKR[.A 8J+$X<,Hh0=9
B3:E?$X
2.2. PPDH hợp tác nhóm nhỏ.
E83)1C
D-41<u111"%
D=r#u$/)1
D[/M)1G/M,+a?)/,+aA K
E$=)1//
D01,/
D=)$/$X,B-%?75?I+
D=iUA/))
E1-a,?I+)1C;UA/`1))R)1)I:)<$k]<
X&s-:%?
E6[.1k%?,+BS+$,7$UZ5F?
%&'(
=12:iAM)$^?4<
E,+\,Sa,990C
D9901,Sa,M<AR/AU
D•,AM"4<,!
,1|P{<SMH,1 <)21:
)b1:?
9+g%5+)11/$
Hình tháp PP dạy học ( Theo UNICEF)
?,4
>€I?
L€I:
q€Ii
>•€I]
{q€I5
0a?4:C
>•I
L•€I]
q•€I5
N•€I5]
{•€I1
‚•€I$
%&'(
=12:iAM)$^?4<
E,+\,Sa,990C
D9901,Sa,M<AR/AU
D•,AM"4<,!
,1|P{<SMH,1 <)21:
)b1:?
9+g%5+)11/$
#"c"!]d FGH!I"<=ef#
> h+B)#$%
L =)$/+<+<3n1:ƒ
q 83nF[.+
m h+:7$/7
N h2B
| J*B
„ T3<7B
{ J[E
‚ 9?X,
Hg h"ij !
>JiAM9Y8,+),4M,Sa,AF/AU
L9+$$dUF<HF8J[.$U/78J
3$/)9Y82),)<3d)4!?<++8J$,
a?,&g)9Y8
qJiAM9Y8g$g<r9Y8$4!:iAM?1<$,):
g%F8J\2$':iAM&
mJiAM9Y8gu=#Hb9Y828J\35a?!<8J12Al
A?,Xa;b/79]P33,+#H:8J:iAMX$a
)IU,*/
NJiAM9Y8F<S]7a8J</:iAM9Y8Al$a
Ha,<++1)AMH7/X,F8J
|97a,$U9Y8)<AU)SAU<I)
/$U,*/1GAS17K<:iAM$M)"8J
E)7)4(F9Y81:ƒAU;#$%;B$H<3dU
)9Y8*+<…<Al/fX$/Uu<8J\12$a
!k#% lJmnL%M
#S.),+55#
> ;))$I)3
L ;))$I)3X,/U5$a/I+<+
(F8J
q ;))k1bnMj[Y
m ;))U*:"&5ZI?#Ha,f+/U<5
$a</I+AU[Y
E2a&]$34F))<$*:"2))
"!o"p"q=r% s=4c!c
>;))?I+X,F8JC$I)3&)#3UZrFMHAU
<&)#&]?gUG<*<6<(KFI)3
AU'?4?4<W(
L9)/$/$UC,)/Zb'UaUa78J<I
13Z1("UI)3X,F8JQ)#aZ
$/$U,HAU\2,*)+I?
q;rI2C[.r?UAUGA,*,),:Ha,
2$U`Z$/$U<)†Z1("U<gjI)3X,F8JK
V trí cta KTG trong dNy hPc
D;!AMFAU<[.))3&5,)F:G2!
K*:"11?UAUCE?4wW(2,)2A
E2)):1G))!K2,)/38J<rM
?AU?,]
Dh+5F)/2,US,*,),<1Zd$/#/
I)3AU<15,,+B?I+X<1,,!II?
#:rf7I)3
DE2<))I)3AU$?:4,4U,$$4Z*
:$!<H&)Y11C‡E2V))‡bo))I2
p24_7I/*ugj$ Z/
#HVt)23.+55#
>;++aM)AMCE,+):)*3<A$U
L;++H/7<A/CE))a+E<E0($A<)
q;++H)I<H&)CEc)),+,+)g?I+$^E<EF
8J,M%7FIF))
m;++H<#,C./?2,+aR?I+,+a
7#,
#OVu+55#
D;)),+++7I/Z)),)2<Zj)A)
D;)),+1:,Sa,MU
D;)),+,Sa,b2:$%$4-
D;++H)I<X4/F,*,),))
Dh++:75Z))))
J#SO+55#
>Q)#MH
LQAM))
q3499;[]?U/
mQi$%:7$/<?I+))
N?))
|9Hb2F7a&A0Y;[
„0X&s<?$X(4MH
\55v_*>+&RO#
"*>+&RO &R
w9[
8Ja))/*+<123
$UbXga!
Q3
8J2))/*+<12XAMg
/*'a
JwRU
8J&)$X,a:$/$HZ))/
*+<:iAM)?42+I?)5
,Sa,+M2<)37
b,:7
SO9V'_N+,23.
>Q)#MH<!2<))
LQ)#MA2