Bản sắc dân tộc trong kiến trúc đương đại Malaysia

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<b>QUY HOACH • KIEN TRUC - DO THI & XA HOI </b>

BAN SAC DAN TDC TRDNG KIEN

TRi;ic

Dl/fDNG DAI AAALAVSIA

<b>T H S . KTS. N G U Y E N VAN G i d l </b>
<b>1. Stf luoc ve Malaysia </b>

Malaysia la thien dudng nhiet ddi ngay tai trung
tam Odng Nam A, Malaysia that su quyin rii va hap
dan vdi su ket hgp hai hda ciia nhilu dan tdc, van
hda va tin ngudng.

Lanh tho Malaysia gdm 2 phin d i t liln: Tay
Malaysia va Ddng Malaysia. Tay Malaysia la mdt
ban dao xinh dep, phia Odng giap vdi bien Nam
Trung Hoa, phia Tay dugc bao quanh bdi eo
Malacca, phia B I C lang gilng vdi Thai Lan va
Singapore tga lac ngay phia Nam. Tay Malaysia va
Ddng Malaysia chilm dien tich khoang 329,758km^
va each nhau khoang 40 dam dudng bien.

<b>2. Thanh phd - kien true hien dai va truyin </b>
<b>thdng </b>

Mdt thanh phd hien dai thudc hang bac nhat d
chau a vdi nen van hda truyen thdng ddc dao, thanh
phi dugc menh danh "thanh phd vudn" vdi nhOmg
mang xanh tho mdng, trong lanh, Kuala Lumpur hda
hen nhieu diem tham quan thu vj ma du khach phai

din tham mdt lan.

La mdt thanh phd hien dai vdi nhiJng tda cao dc
chgc trdi, kiln true ddc dao ndi tieng the gidi nhu tda
thap ddi cao nhit t h i gidi , hay nhu cdng trinh kiln
true dd so mdi dugc thuc hien gan day la trung tam
mua s i m .

Ben canh dd, van giu dugc nhurng ban sic vgn
hda lau ddi ciia cac dan tdc Trung Hoa, Malay, An
Do, va cac dan tdc mien Ddng Malay, Thai,
Indonesia, va cdng ddng Idn ciia nhung ngudi xa xd.
Day la nhCmg dan tgc cd truyin thdng van hda, le
hgi, am thuc ddc dao, mang nhung sac mau rieng
va ddng thdi, tai Kuala Lumpur, giua chung lai cdn
CO them sugiao thoa, anh hudng lan nhau. Chinh vi
thi, khdng cd gi ngae nhien khi noi day thudng
xuyen cd nhufng le hdi truyin thdng tung bimg, nao
nhiet, hay nhdng buoi trinh dien van hda nghe thuat
ddc dao kit hgp ca phong each truyin thdng va
duong dai. Oac biet ddi vdi du khach nudc ngoai khi
din Kuala Lumpur, ngoai cam giac choang nggp
trudc suhao nhoang, hien dai ciia thanh p h i nay, se
cdn tim dugc cam giac binh yen ciia mdt "thanh phd
vudn", hay cam giac quen thudc vdi khu phd binh
dan, chg trdi, hay nhung hang quan tua nhu d
dudng phd Viet Nam.

<b>Petronas - Twin Towers </b>

Thap ddi Petronas, hay Petronas Twin Towers
mgt trong 5 cao dc cao nhit t h i gidi, va la tda thap
ddi cao nhit t h i gidi cho d i n (2009). Chilu cao d i n

ndc ciia tda nha la 403m, cao 88 tang. Vdi cau true
phdng theo kien true Hdi Giao, tda nha khong Id nay
dugc thilt k l bdi kiln true su ngudi My gdc
Achentina - Cesar Pelli. Ben ngoai kien true nay la
khoang khdng rdng rai va xinh dep ciia cdng vien
KLCC.

<b>Thanh du'dng qudc gia </b>

TU khu vuc Lake Garden, du khach cd the di bd
d i n Thanh dudng qudc gia. Day la thanh dudng Ion
nhit Odng Nam A, vdi kiln true ddc dao mang dau
I n ciia nghe thuat Hdi Giao. Mai vdm chinh ciia
thanh dudng dugc thilt k l vdi hinh dang 18 ngdi
sao, tugng trung cho 13 bang ciia Malaysia va nam
cdt tru chinh ciia dao Hdi; mai ngdi hinh chiee dii
md tugng trung cho khat vgng cua mdt dat nudc ddc
lap, sanh chinh cd the chda d i n 5.000 ngudi. Khi

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DAN SAC DAN Tt»C TRDNG KI^N TRMC,

d i n Thanh dudng qudc gia, du khach nen luu y an
mac trang trgng, kin dao.

<b>Nha hat qudc gia Istana Budaya </b>

Dugc xay dung td nam 1995 va hoan thanh vao
thang 9/1999, Istana Budaya la mdt trong 10 nha
hat hien dai nhat the gidi, va la nha hat dau tien tai
chau A dugc trang bj he thdng san khiu hien dai
nhu nha hat Royal Albert Hall d London, ed sdc
chda den 1.412 khan gia. Istana Budaya (ed nghTa
la "cung dien van hda") ed Idi kien true ddc dao, the
hien net dac trung ciia Idi kien true truyen thdng
Malaysia vdi tong dien tich khoang 54.000 m', trong
dd sanh nha hat rdng d i n 21.000 m^

<b>Bao tang Qudc gia - Muzium Negara </b>

Bao tang Qudc gia (Muzium Negara) la bao tang
Idn nhit Malaysia, dugc khanh thanh vao thang
8/1963, bao gdm phdng trung bay hinh anh, hien
vat lich sd; phdng nhac cu truyen thdng; phdng trien
lam van hda; phdng trung bay the thao t h i gidi va
mdt phdng trung bay lich sd tu nhien ciia Malaysia.
Day la mdt cdng trinh cd phong each kiln true Hdi
Giao Malaysia Tham quan bao tang, du khach cd
the tim hieu va hinh dung dugc ca qua trinh phat
trien ciia dat nudc Malaysia ve Ijeh sd va van hda.
Bao tang qudc gia nam canh Bd Bao tang tren
dudng Damansara.

<b>3. Thu dd hanh chinh Putrajaya </b>

Thii dd hanh chinh Putrajaya each Kuala Lumpur
30km. Putrajaya dugc xay dung td nam 1995, tren

mdt viing dat hoang vu, khdng cd sdng ngdi, cay
xanh... nhung dugc Malaysia d i u tu hon 8 tl USD
de thanh mdt "dd thj dien t d ' xanh, khdng day va
Wi-Fi mien phi. Van phdng Thii tudng va nhilu bo,
mgt sd tda dai sd da chinh thdc chuyen v l day lam
viec. Ngudi ta dang hy vgng sau nam 2010 nay
Putrajaya se chinh thdc trd thanh Thii dd mdi dii tru
sd Nghi vien, trung tam thuong mai va tai chinli
qudc gia van d Kuala Lumpur.

<b>Nha Qudc hoi </b>

Tda nha Qudc hdi dugc thilt k l xay dung theo
phong each kiln true hien dai ket hqp thanh cong
kiln triic Hdi Giao mang dam net kien true truyin
thdng Malaysia.

<b>Nha Vua </b>

Tda nha danh cho Vuong Qudc Malaysia duoc
thiet ke va xay dung theo phong each kien triic hien
dai ket hgp thanh cdng kien true Hdi Giao mang
dam net kien true truyen thing Malaysia.

^^R

ãã'*** <i>p-. ...--" </i>

-'*:,,ôằ,

Điiyjij

ã

Hi< swuii^aiiil

<i>J ' i . : ! . . : ^ ' , . . . ! ! </i>

<i><b>1 M </b></i>

<b>SSBSESsMi*' </b>

" l i r • - • • - - ' ^ • • • j ' ^

-iS^-'^Hi-^ i . -r .

<b>Ket luan </b>

Nhieu nam qua, bing nhilu each, Malaysia da
xay dung thanh phd , thii dd hanh chinh Putrajaya
va cac dd thj Idn, vdi quy hoach xay dung do tiij
mang ptiong each kiln true hien dai k i t hgp thanh
cdng kien true Hdi Giao dam net truyin thong
Malaysia, van hda Idi sdng la van de da dUtfc
nghien ciru thau dao khi quyet djnh quy hoach xay
dung dd thi.a

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