Mối quan hệ giữa ba lĩnh vực xuất bản, in, phát hành nhìn từ góc độ văn hóa và kinh tế

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<b>Mdi quan he giiira ba Imh virc xuat ban, in, </b>

<i><b>phat hanh niiin tui goc do van hoa va kivh te </b></i>

• PGS, TS. TRAN VAN HAI

<i>Hoc vien Bao chi va Tuyen truyen </i>

X

uit ban theo nghia day du
la mpt qua trinh hoat
dpng thupc Unh vuc van
hda - to todng thdng qua vipc san
xuit, pho biin nhiing xuit ban
pham den nhiiu ngudi. Dd la mdt
qua trinh hoat dpng ddng bp,
hoan chinh eua ba khau: bien tap,
nhan ban va phat hanh. Xuit ban
la mpt td hgp hoat dpng phffc tap.
"Lam cdng viec dffng trung gian
giiia tic gia vdd dpc gia, hoat dpng
xuat ban bao dim mpt chffc nang
ba mat: chffc nang ky thuat va my
thuat ve thiit k i dd hinh ban in va
thuc Men vlt chit cho cudn sach,
ehffe nang thuang mai de luu
hanh, pho cap va ban, chffc nang
tri thffe de toyin chgn sleh, tham
gia hoan ehinh tae phim va phIt
Men tai nang"'". Ban chit cua xuit
ban pham 11 tac phim van hda
tinh thin, bdd ehfnh cae gia tri van
hda tao n6n gil tri sff dung cua

xuat ban pham, gia tri sff dung
tinh thin, dap ffng nhu eiu tinh
than cua con ngudd. Tren phuang
dipn nay, xuit ban ehfnh la mdt
qua trinh sang tao, tmyin ba elc
gia tii van hda, mang tinh chit
van hda rd ret. Mat khac, xuit ban
edn la qua tiinh thue Men vat chit
hda eae gia tri van hda tinh than,

biin cac tie pham van hda thanh
cac vat pham de luu giQ va tmyin
ba cae gia tri van hda. O khia
eanh nay, xuit ban phu thudc vao
tiinh dp phat triin eua lue lugng
san xuit, cua nin san xuit vat
chit. San xuit xuat ban phim ddi
hdi phai ed su diu to, cM pM vi
vlt chit, phai trao doi, mua ban
nhu hang hda trong nin kinh te
hang hda. Ddng thdi, xuit ban
Cling cd the tao ra Igd nhuan, ddng
gdp tiiie tiep vi kinh t i cho su phat
triin nin kinh ti. V i phuong dipn
nay, xuat ban that su la nganh kinh
t i - ky thuat. Nganh kinh t i nay
nam trong td hop kinh t i tiriyin
thdng ngly cang ed vai ti-d to Idn
tirong thdi dai kinh t i tri thffe.

Nhu vay, xuit ban "vffa la qua
trinh san xuit tinh thin - san xuit,
hoan tMpn tic pham tinh thin eua
<i>nhiing ngudd bien tap b eae nhi </i>
xuat ban, vffa la san xuit vat chit
- khau ehi ban, nhan ban xuit ban
pham, vffa la hoat dpng thuang
mai de phin phdi, tmyin ba cac
xuat ban phim trong xa hdi. Qua
trinh hoat ddng nay gom ba bd
phan ea ban: bien tap, nhan ban,
phat hanh, ed quan he hiiu eo, phu
thudc va quyet dinh Iln nhau. Tuy
nMen, mdi bd phan dd mang ban

chit sing tao khic nhau, ed tmh
chat nghi ngMep khac nhau. Mdi
bp phan dd II mpt hnh vile rieng
bi cM phdi bdd hai thupc tinh van
hda va kinh te. Biiu M6n tfnh chit
<i>van hda va tfnh chit kinh te b mdi </i>
Unh VUe eua boat dpng xuit ban
<i>rit khic nhau. Diiu 1 cffa Ludt </i>

<i>xuat bdn nam 2004 cffa nude ta </i>

gM rd: "Hoat dpng xuit ban bao
gdm eae linh vuc xuit ban, in va
phIt hanh xuit ban pham"'^'.
<i>Trong lult nay, thult ngii xudt </i>

<i>bdn da dugc diing theo ngMa hep </i>

d i cM mpt bp phan effa hoat dpng
xuit ban diin ra trong cle nha
xuit ban la edng tic bien tap. Do
vay, the Men ehfnh xae hon eau
<i>nay phai viet la: Hoat ddng xudt </i>

<i>bdn bao gdm cdc linh vUc bien </i>
<i>tap, in vd phdt hanh. Ca ba hnh </i>

vuc nay hgp lai thanh mdt ehinh
thi mdd dung va day du ngMa cua
khai rapm hoat dpng xuit ban.

1. Quan he gififa bien tap, in
va phat hanh dudi goc dp

sang tao van hoa
Ddi sd'ng van hda cua xa hdi
bao gdm tong thi cac hoat dpng
vdd cac ehffe ning khae nhau do
nMeu don vi xa hpi thue Men.
van hda 11 ddi sd'ng rieng do con

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ngudi sang tao ra va cd tie dung
hoan tMen eon ngudi theo hudng
chan, tMen, my. Vin hda theo
ngMa hep 11 mpt Iinh vuc hoat

dpng diy sang tao eua eon ngudd
nhim bien ly todng lam dep cupe
sd'ng cua minh thanh Men thue,
bien su sang tao dpc dio cua e l
nhan thanh tai sin eua xa hpi, lam
nen tang tinh than cho su tdn tai
va phat trien cua xa hpi. Tong the
ddi sd'ng van hda xa hpi, tuu
tiling, diu nhim thuc Men bdn
nMem vu eo ban sau:

<i>Thii nhdt, san xuit va sang tao </i>

cle gia tri van hda mdi lam eho
ddi sdng tinh thin xa hdi ngly
cang phdn vinh. Chu thi sang tao
chu yiu la cle van nghe si, eae
nhi khoa hgc hoat dpng trong cac
CO quan nghe thult vl ngMen cffu
khoa hgc.

<i>Thii hai, giii gin, bao tdn eae gia </i>

tri van hda do cpng ddng dan tpc
sang tao ra va trao tmyin tff the he
nay sang thi he khac, Iam cho van
hda trd thanh ddng chay khdng
ngiing nudi sdng ddi sdng tinh than
eiia elc dan tpc va nhan loai.

<i>ThU ba, tmyin bl, phd bien </i>

rpng rai cac sang tie van hda ra
toan xa hpi, toan thigidd, biin elc
gia tri sang tao cua eae nghe si,
eae nha khoa hgc thanh gil tri
ehung duge xa hdi chip nhan va
ti:d thanh gil tii van hda x l hpi.

<i>ThU tu, to chffc ddi sdng van </i>

hda cpng ddng, bien elc gia tri
van hda tinh thin thanh cac hanh
vi, ldi sd'ng, phong tue cua xa hpi,
bien nhiing gia tri chan, tMen, my
thanh Men thue.

Bdn nMem vu dd cd quan he
hiiu ea vdd nhau. Hoat dpng xuit
ban la bp phan tMet yeu vi la cdng
cu de thue Men ed Meu qua ea

bdn nMem vu eo ban dd. De lam
dugc vai trd nly tirong ddi sd'ng
van hda, cle bp phan cua xuit ban
phai gin bd vdi nhau trong mdt
chinh the hiiu co.

<i>Bien tap ehfnh la cdng viec to </i>

ehffe sing tao, lua chgn, khai thac
cac tic pham van hda tinh than da
duge cac tie gia Iam ra, phff hgp
vdi ydu ciu tmyin ba thdng tin
eua xa hpi. Bien tap khdng phai la
sing tie, nhung II tiep ndi su sing
tie, bien thanh tilu sang tie thinh
eae tie pham hoan chinh dip ffng
dugc yeu ciu tmyin thdng. Bien
tap Cling II qui trinh danh gil,
thim dinh eae tic phim mod sang
tao, gia edng sffa chiia de nang eao
gia tri cffa tic phim, lam cho nd
phff hgp vdi nhu eiu, dae diem ciia
ddi togng tmyin thdng. Bien tap la
hoat dpng sing tao tinh thin,
mang nhiing dae diem va toln
theo quy lult san xuit tinh thin.
Kit qua eua lao dpng bien tap la
cac tie phim van hda tinh thin ed
du gil tri va tieu ehuan de tmyin
ba. Ban thao hoan tMen la tie
phim truyen thdng chffa dung elc
gia tri van hda tinh thin eua tic gia
va nhiing sing tao tiep ndi eiia
bien tap vien. Nd la dffa con tinh
than khdng cM eua tic gia ma edn
cua ca ngudd bien tap xuat ban.
Bien tap vien khdng nhiing 11
ngudi tMet ke ma cdn la ngudd tM

cdng de tao ra elc gia tti van hda
tinh thin eua xuit ban phim.

<i>Chi bdn, nhdn bdn (in) la </i>

cdng viec vat chit hda cac tie
phim tinh than, tao cho ehung
mpt dang vat chat (cai vd) de pho
bien, trao ddi rpng rai trong xa
hpi. Chi ban la ed dinh lai cac gia
tri sang tao tinh thin eua tic gia
ttong mpt dang vat chit eu the (td

bao, cud'n sach, bang dia nhae
hinh, dia CD-ROM, ebook).
Nhan ban la dung cac bien phap
khoa hgc - edng nghp d i bien mpt
xuit ban pham tii mdt ban thanh
nMiu ban gid'ng bpt nhau, de ed
the tmyin b l nhanh ehdng eho
nMeu ngudi, pho biin d mgi nod
Crong xa hdi.

Che ban va nhan ban xuit ban
pham la tiip tue mpt qua trinh
sing tao van hda d i tao ra mpt san
pham van hda dudi dang vat chat
(vlt phim van hda). TMit kitPng
the xuit ban phim la edng viec
sang tao nghe thult. Ngudd hga sy

dd hga tMet ke xuit ban pham la
•viee sang tao ra tie pham nghe
thuat, "llu dai tri toe" ttong dd
chffa dung gia tti van hda tinh than.
Ngudi iMit ke, che ban xuit ban
pham tao ra elc tie phim cd gil tri
van hda ddc lap. Cac gia tii dd tdn
vinh, nang cao eae tic phim van
hda m l xuit ban phim tmyin tii.

Viee nhan ban tie pham la
cdng viee tao ra hang loat cdng cu
de tmyin b l van hda. In la khau
tMet yiu de lam cho xuat ban fro
thanh boat dpng tmyin thdng dai
ehffng sdm nhit trong Uch sff van
minh nhan loai. In Iam cho tie
pham di dang tmyin b l rpng rai,
ehfnh xae, kha nang luu giu va
tich liiy eao. Cd bien tap ma tMeu
khiu che ban vl in ciing khdng
phai la xul't ban. Bien tip phai
gin Uin vdd ehi ban, in In.

<i>Phdt hanh xudt bdn pham </i>

thue chit la cdng viec tinyin bl,
pho bien cac tic pham van hda ra
xa hpi. Muc dfch effa xuit ban la
tmyin bl thdng tin cho nMiu

ngudd. Cac tie phim duge tao ra,
du d dang tinh tiian hay da la cac
vat phim, song neu khdng ph6

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biin cho nMeu ngudi ttong xa hpi
ciing chua phai la xuat ban. Bdi
xuit ban ra ddi 11 de dip ffng nhu
cau ttiiyin thdng, nhu ciu ttiiyin
ba va tieh luy cac gia tii van hda xa
hpi. Phat hanh den ddng dao cdng
chiing la mue tieu sing tao van hda
ciia xuit ban, lam cho nd ttd thanh
bp phan tMet yiu cua ddi sdng van
hda, nham lam cho van hda la nen
tang tinh than cua xa hpi, bien ly
tudng lam dep cupe sdng eua con
ngudd thanh Men thuc.

PhIt hanh xuit ban phim 11
dua elc gil tri van hda din tan tay
ngudi tiip nhan, lam cho thdng
tin xa hpi dugc luan chuyin thdng
sud't, eae tri thffe Idioa hge dugc
pho biin va dua vIo san xuit, eae
tac phim van hge nghe thult dugc
cMa se. Phat hanh xuit ban pham
la eau ndi giiia chu tiie tmyin b l
van hda va nhOng ngudd tiip nhan
van hda. Neu khdng lam td't khau
phat hanh tM khau sang tie, bien

tap va nhan ban eiing khdng cd
gia tri. Phat hanh td't se nang eao
Meu qua elc gil tri van hda duge
xuit ban. Diiu dd vffa kfch tMch
<i>cac tic gia de ed th&na nMeu sing </i>
tao mod, vffa kfch tMch nhffng nhu
cau mod cua ban dgc. Tai nang
cua tae gia eiing qua dd duge
khang dinh, thff thich. Uy tfn
khoa hgc eua nha xuit ban va
bien tap vi6n dugc ning cao.

2. Quan he giua bien tap, in
va phat hanh dudi goc dp

la cac bp phan cua mpt
nganh liinh te - ky thuat
Hoat ddng xuit ban ra ddi gin
Uen vdi nhu ciu tiiiyin thdng. Cac
bude phat trien cua nd gan Uen vdd
cle cupe cleh mang thdng tin
-tmyin thdng ttong xa hpi.

Tmyin thdng xa hpi xuat Men
gin Uin vdi su phat trien cua lue
lugng san xuit va quan he san
xua't. Dd II yeu ciu tit yeu cua to
ehffe san xuat tap the, 11 hoat
dpng tMet yeu de eon ngudd tdn
tai va phat trien.

Hoat ddng xuit ban ngay tff
kM ra ddi lan diu tien d Roma
(the ky thff 1 tt.CN) da la mpt qua
trinh mang tinh chit kinh te
thuong mai. Xuit ban lue dau rat
thd so: Tic gia dua cle tie phim
thdng tin cho nhiing ngudd chuyen
chep sach (nhiing ngudi lam xuit
ban) de hg chep thanh nMiu ban
(nhin ban) rdi bin cho nhiing
ngudd biet chii va ed nhu eiu
tmyin thdng ttong xa hpi (phIt
hanh). Nhu vay, xuit ban ra ddi tii
nhu cau phat tiien kinh ti. Ban
than nd ngay tff diu da mang thupc
tinh kinh t i - ky thuat: ky thult
chep sleh, lam giay va tfnh chit
thuang mai de phd bien sach eho
nMiu ngudi. Ngudi lam xuit ban
lffe nay chfnh la ngudi Iam ky
thuat nhin ban, sffa chiia ban thao
va cd effa Mpu budn ban sleh. Sud't
thdi CO dai va trung eo, xuit ban
sleh la mpt nganh tmyin thdng xa
hpi, mpt nganh kinh te - ky thuat,
Iam dich vu van hda bao gdm hai
cdng viec ehfnh la nhan ban va
phIt hanh sach va eae van ban eo.

Su phIt minh ra edng nghe in
edng ngMep eua Gu-ten-bec the
ky XV da llm cho nganh xuit
ban cd budc nhay vgt ve ky thuat.
Budc nhay vgt ve edng nghe in da
keo theo elc yeu ciu phIt triin
diy du va Men dai hda nganh xuat
ban. Cdng viec bien tap tich ra
thanh mdt khiu dpc lap ttong
hoat dpng xuit ban de dap ffng
cac yeu cau mdi cua nganh. Dd la

phai to ehffe, khai thae nMeu ban
thao de dap ung nhu eiu mdi ve
xuit ban pham cua tmdng hgc,
cua viec tmyen ba van hda nhan
van thdd Phuc hung. Dd la yeu eau
ed dpi ngii "gae eong" cho cupe
diu tranh giai cip gay git tten
linh vuc to todng - van hda, m l
nhiing ngudd thg d nhi in khdng
the dam nhan. Khau bien tap ttd
thinh khau quan trgng hang diu
eua hoat dpng xuit ban. Hoat
dpng xuit ban vdi ngMa hoan
ehinh vl Men dai da ra ddi. Dd 11
qua tiinh hoat dpng ddng bp,
holn ehinh eua ba khiu bien tap,
kl va phIt hinh.

Cudi the ky XV trung tam xuit
ban ehuyin tff Dffc sang ItaUa, nod
edi ngudn cua thdi ky van hda
Phuc hung. Sau dd lai red vao tieu
diiu do chidd kiim duyet ha khac
cua giao hpi doan chau Au.

Den t h i k y XVTH, do su phIt
triin va thing led cua cleh mang
to san d chiu Au, su phat trien effa
phuang thffc san xuat to ban chff
ngMa vdd each mang cdng ngMep
thiky XVHI, boat dpng xuat ban
<i>dugc phue hdi nhanh ehdng b </i>
chiu Au, trd thanh nganh cdng
ngMep tmyin thdng ed y ngMa
quan frgng ddi vdd su phat trien
kinh t i - xa hpi. Do nhu eau pho
cap giao due d i dio tao ngudn
nhan luc cho kinh te to ban ehu
ngMa, do che dp kiem duypt ha
khic bi xda bd va su pho bien
rpng rai cua van nghe Phue hung,
do yeu eiu van ddng quan ehiing
eua each mang to san m l xuat
ban phuang Tay phIt triin rat
manh. Ngoai sach, da xuat Men
eae xuit ban pham dinh ky nhu
tap cM, bao hang ngay, va ngly
cang phIt trien phong phu va cd

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them nhiing hinh thffc truyin
thdng mdi.

Viee phIt triin xuit ban d
chiu Au cudi thiky XVLH da bit
diu cd su phin cdng mdi. Mdt so
nha kinh doanh sleh, nhi in ddn
sffe phat tiiin cdng tie bien tip.
Hg 11 nhiing nha xuit ban theo
ngMa Men dai diu tien, Iam viec
kinh doanh xuit ban phim trSn ca
ba khiu hoan chinh: bien tap, in
va phat hanh. Mpt so Meu sleh
Idn (d Anh, My) phIt trien Ien
thanh cae "edng ty xuit ban"
chuySn ban budn, ban le sach.
NMiu nha in tang them bp phan
bien tap phat trien thanh nhi xuit
ban ehuyen Iam bien tap va in.
Mpt sd ca sd khic vin chuyen lam
vipc in hoac chuyen bin sleh
(phIt hanh). Nhu vay, nganh xuit
<i>ban b chau Au va My thi ky </i>
XVE da trd thanh mpt nganh
cdng ngMep vdi md hinh boat
dpng da dang: cd co sd xuit ban
(nha xuit ban) Iam hai khau: bien
tap va in; ed "cdng ty xuit ban"
ehuyen Iam phIt hinh (ca ban

budn va ban le); cd co sd chuyen
Iam in va eiing cd co sd cM lam
ban le (phat hanh) xuit ban phim.
Nganh xuat ban Men dai cd xu
hudng tach rdi nhau ttong boat
dpng san xuit kinh doanh giiia cae
khau bien tap, in va phIt hanh.

Cudi thiky XVEI, diu thiky
XIX, san xul't giiy dugc eo gidi
hda mpt cleh nhanh chdng da
lam cho cM pM ve giay cM edn
cMem 10% ttong ca el'u gil
thanh san pham. Dudng sit va
dudng thuy da lam tang nhanh va
md rpng pham vi phIt hanh, md
rpng thi tmdng xuat ban pham.
Cleh mang edng ngMep da tao
ddng luc quan ttong ddi vdi su

phIt triin Men dai hda nganh xuat
ban phuong Tay. Co eiu to chffc
kinh doanh nganh xuit ban lai ed
nhiing thay doi Idn. Nglnh in phIt
trien Men dai di tao ra ca eiu san
phim in tang len hit sffe da dang.
Bay gid, ngoli xuit ban phim,
cac In phim Men dai cd nMeu
Ioai khae nhu: tiin giiy, tern tiiu
buu dipn, nhan hang hda... Dieu

do da lam eho khau in trong xuit
ban ngay cang ed nMiu hoat
dpng kinh doanh dpc lap vdi
nganh xuit ban, phIt trien thanh
nghi san xuat che tao rieng. Mpt
bp phan rit Idn eua nganh in ttd
thanh nganh kinh ti - cdng nghe
thuin tiiy, khdng phu thupc vao
bien tip va phIt banh. NMiu nha
kinh doanh xuat ban va kinh doanh
sleh (phit hinh) ciing phat trien
theo hudng chuyen ngMep hda
ban. Phat hanh sach eiing phat trien
theo hudng phin hda thanh cac nha
budn trung gian (bin budn sleh) va
eae nha budn dai ly (ban le). Cae
nha xuit ban cd the thdng qua cle
nha budn trung gian (bin budn) de
bin san pham eho cle dai Iy bin
le... Vay la xuit ban tff ehd la mpt
nganh kinh doanh ddng bd, hoan
chinh gdm ba bp phan: bi6n tap, ki
vl phat hanh, tff giiia thi ky XIX,
dudng nhu tich ra thanh ba nganh
nghi ed nMiu boat dpng dpc lap
vdi nhau la nganh xuit ban (cd bien
tap va in); nganh in (cd in xuit ban
phim va in elc mat hang khie);
nganh phat hinh (ban budn, ban le
xuat ban phim, kiem xuit, nhap

khiu xuit ban phim).

Vly phai chang ttgn phuang
dien la mpt boat ddng kinh te - ky
thuat, xuit ban Men dai la ba
nganh khie nhau, bien tap, in vl
phat hanh la ba bp phan cd the

tach rdi nhau? Tren tiiue te, mdi
bp phan xuit ban ed nhiing boat
dpng dpc lap, ed tfnh chit nghi
ngMep khic nhau. Song, tren
phuong dien de san xuit, phan
phd'i, tieu dffng xuit ban phim,
xuit ban dang ti-d thanh mpt
nganh cdng ngMep mui nhgn
ttong kinh te tii thffc, la ti^lng tam
san xuit, phan phd'i ngudn luc trf
toe cua xa hpi Men dai. San pham
ehfnh cua nganh xuit ban la sach.
Sleh la loai hinh xuit ban pham
CO ban, chinh yeu nhit. Ngoai
sach, eae xuit ban pham in khic
nhu bio in, tap cM, van hda phim,
cac tai Ueu thdng tin khic vin la
nhiing Ioai In pham ehu yeu, ea
ban nhit eua nganh in. Nganh in
niu khdng in xuat ban phim se
khdng ed ea sd di tdn tai va phIt
triin ttong kinh te tri thffe. Bp

phan CO ban nhit eua nganh in
cung la bp phan huu ca cua nglnh
xuit ban, khdng the tach rdi cdng
tie bien tap xuit ban. Cung vdd su
phIt trien cua sleh va xuit ban
dipn tff, xuit ban phim in tten
giiy bang edng nghe in
Gu-ten-bec se din din bi thay thi. Song,
nganh nhin ban ky thult so tten
eae vlt Ueu mang tin eung dang
<i>thay the cho cdng nghe in tmyin </i>
thdng. Nglnh in ky thult so vin
pbit tiien song hanh vl gin bd vdd
nganh xuit ban, vin la mpt bp
phan ciia xuit ban dien tff. Tuy
nMen, ti-ong toong lai, mdi quan
hp dd se ra sao, Mpn nay chua ai
khang dinh dugc. Bdi le, Men tai
va tiilm cM se ca ttong thi ky
XXI, sleh dipn tff va xuit ban
dien tii vin ehua the tiiay tiie hoan
toan dugc sach in tiiiyin thdng
tten giiy. Ma cdn nhu cau sleh
tiuyen thd'ng se cdn phat tiiin

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nganh xuit ban. Ba bp phan, ba
linh vuc effa xuit ban tiuyin
tiid'ng la biin tap, in va phat hanh
vin la ba khau cua mpt boat dpng
xuit ban ddng bp hoan chinh de

san xuit va tii san xuit ra ngay
cang nMiu xuit ban phim dip
ling ngly cang cao nhu eau van
hda cua xa hpi.

Bien tip la hoat dpng to chffc,
khai thac, lua chgn va to chinh
cac tie pham van hda - tmyin
thdng. Ban chat eua bien tap la
khiu san xuit tinh thin de lam ra
cac san phim sing tao tinh thin
cd gia tri cao. Nd mang tfnh chit
cua Iao dpng sang tao - sang tao
tinh thin, chiu su cM phdi bdi quy
luat sang tao tinh thin. Song, biSn
tap lai chfnh la khau tao ra gia tii
sff dung ca ban eua xuit ban
pham. Nhd dd ma nd ttd thanh
hang hda, ed the trao ddi de thue
Men gil tri ttfen thi tmdng. Xet d
phuong dien kinh ti, bifen tap
chinh la khiu md diu cua san
xuat hang hda, nd dinh hudng va
xac dinh cMin lugc mat hang,
cMin lugc kinh doanh xuit ban
ed Mpu qua. Hon niia, bien tap se
lam cho hang hda xuit ban phim
cd gia tti sff dung ldn nhit, nhd dd
ma tang sffe canh ttanh cua xuit
ban phim, tang gia tii kinh t i cua

hoat dpng xuat ban. Nang lue
canh ttanh cua xuit ban tren thi
tmdng la do chit lugng boat dpng
bi6n tap quy dinh.

Tuy vay, bien tap chua tao ra
dugc hang hda xuit ban phim.
Kit qua cua khau bien tap cdn
phai duge vat chit hda bang khau
che ban, nhan ban. In tao ra eai
"vd vat chit" de cae tie pham van
hda timh tiiln ti-d thanh vat phim
<i>cd ihi trao ddi duge, cd thi bin </i>

dugc tten thi ttudng. Ui khdng tao
ra gia tri sff dung ca ban cua xuit
ban pham, song niu tMiu nd,
xuat ban phim khdng thanh hang
hda, khdng den tay ngudi sff
dung. Hon niia khau vat chit hda
tac phim nay eiing ddi hdi nhiing
cM pM ve kinh te, toan theo
nhiing dinh mffe kinh te ky thult,
eMem mpt phan ding ke ttong co
ciu gil thanh eua xuit ban phim.
Khiu in thue Men kinh doanh cd
Meu qua, gil tri e l biet eua xuit
ban phim thip, Igi nhuan thu
duge to sin xuit hang hda cao,
sffe eanh tranh eua xuat ban

pham, cua boat dpng xuit ban
trong ea ehi thi trudng se tang
Ien. Do vly, in la khiu san xuit
quyet dinh bien cac thanh qua
bien tip thanh hang hda xuit ban
phim. In gdp phin rit quan trgng
tao n6n Mpu qua kinh te eua boat
dpng xuit ban.

Phat hanh II khiu khdng thi
tiiieu de bi6i xuit ban phim that
su ttd thanh hang hda, la khiu
quyit dinh de thue Men ehu ky
san xuit va tai san xuit md rpng
xuit ban phim. PhIt hanh tao ra
thi ttiidng xuit ban pham: ed
ngudi ban, ngudi mua, ed hang
hda luan ehuyen, cd canh tranh va
boat dpng thuang mai. Phat hanh
la khau tiiuc Men gia tri xuat ban
phim. Toan bp Iao dpng cua cic
khau xuit ban ket tinh trong hang
hda xuit ban phim: Iao dpng cua
tie gia vl bi6n tap viSn, lao dpng
eua hoat dpng che ban in, Iao
ddng cua ngudd ban budn, bin le
xuat ban phim,... ed duge thuc
Men gia tii, cd bien tiianh to ban
de tiep tiie tdn tai va diu to phIt
tiien hay khdng,... diu phu thudc

vao khau phat hanh xuit ban

phim tren thi tmdng. Khau phat
hanh giai quyet dau ra eua hang
hda, kit thuc mpt ehu ky san xuit
cho mpt san phim dong thdd lai
md diu cho mpt chu ky san xuit
mdd md rpng ban, Meu qua hen.
Ban than kinh doanh phit hanh cd
thi true tie'p nang cao Meu qua
kinh te, nang cao sffe eanh tranh,
nang cao thuang Meu cffa nhi
xuit ban, nha in, cua ca tie gia va
ngudi bien tap. Trong thdi dai
biing no thdng tin vl xuat ban
dien tff Men nay, khiu phat hanh
nhd tiiuong mai dipn tff va mang
thdng tin Internet cing ed vai trd
quyit dinh Meu qua kinh doanh
cffa boat dpng xuit ban Men dai.

Tdm lai, xet tren binh dien la
mpt boat dpng kinh te - ky thult,
boat dpng xuat ban vin ludn ludn
la mpt to hgp ba mat, ba Enh vuc
boat dpng ed quan he huu ea vdi
nhau la bien tap, in va phat hanh.
Ba mat nay quyet dinh Iln nhau,
ddng thdi thue day nhau eung phat
triin. Trong ba mat dd, bien tap la

"hat nhin" cua xuit ban. Nd cd
vai ttd quyit dinh chit lugng va
Meu qua boat dpng xuat ban tten
ca phuang dien sang tao van hda,
ea trdn phuang dipn kinh ti. Song
niu tMiu nhin ban va phat hanh,
khiu bien tap ciing khdng ttd
thanh xuit ban, khdng phai la boat
dpng tmyin ba van hda, khdng la
edng eu tmyin thdng dai chiing
cua xa hdi Men dain

<i>1. Michel Fragonard: Vdn hoa theky </i>

<i>XX Tic dien lich sic vdn hoa, Nxb CTQG, </i>

H. 1999, tr. 1227.

<i>2. Luat XuSt ban nam 2004 - Mgt so </i>

<i>vdn bdn chi dgo vd qudn ly cua Ddng, </i>
<i>Nhd nudc ve hoat dong xuat bdn, Nxb </i>

Bim dien, H. 2008, tr. 33.

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