Cần sớm có quy chuẩn chung về xây dựng nhà ở xã hội

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<b>K ] VAN B ^ QUAN T>M _ </b>

Can sdm cd quy chuin chung

ve xay dung nha d xa hOi

HThS. NGUYEN THANH BiNH
Vien Nghien ciiu ph^t tni^n KT-XH HS NOI

Hd Ndi Id dia phuong ddn ddu cd nude v^ phdt tri^n nhd d xd hdi- Song, glOa thi/c
t ^ vd muc ti$u phdt tri^n nhd d xd hOi trSn dta bdn thdnh phd cdn Id khodng cdch
khdng nhd. Bdo cdo "Odnh gid dd th| hda d Viet Nam" do Ngdn hdng Th^ gidi thi;c
hi§n thdng 11/2011 vd vil/a duoc cdng bd gdn ddy dd dua ra con sd chf cd khodng 5%
<i>ddn sd Hd Ndi cd 6(1 ti^n 64 mua bdt ddng sdn vdi miJc gid hiCn tai. </i>

<b>NHONG BAT CAP KHI THirCHllN </b>

ThO nhdt, bdt cdp trong cdng tdc
quy hoach, kd hoach phdt tridn nhd d
tiiu nhdp thdp vd nhd d cdng nhdn trdn
dia bdn Hd NOi. Thdnh uy Hd NOI dd ban
hdnh Chuong trinh sd 06/CTr-TU ngdy
8/11/2011 vd "Ddy manh cOng tdc quy
hoach, xdy dyng vd qudn ly dd thi thdnh
phd Hd Ndl giai doan 2011-2015",
trong dd ed xdc djnh cdc chl bdu phdt
bidn nhl d thu nhap thdp vd nhd d cdng
nhdn tren dfa bdn. Tuy nhidn, viec tndn
khai chfl tnjong de ra cdn chdm. Thdnh
phd chua phd duydt vd ban hdnh dupe
Chuong binh phat trien nhd d ddn nam
2020. Chl tieu phdt bidn nhd d xa hdi

chua dupe dua vdo kd hoach phdt tridn
Wnh td - xa hpi hang ndm. Thdnh phd
chua chfl ddng quy hoach, xdc djnh quy
<i>ddt dd phdt tien nhd d tiiu nhdp thdp </i>
vd nhd d cdng nhan trong mdt t l m nhin
ddl han ddn ndm 2020, cdn phy thudc
nhidu vdo quy ddt 20% frong cde khu
ddtiii.

Thu hai, cdc chfnh sdch uu ddi chua
ddn dupe vdi doanh nghidp ndn chua
khuydn khlch, tiiu hut cde doanh nghidp
tiiam gia xdy dyng nhd d xa hdi. Ngodi
vide dupe miln tidn sfl' dyng ddt, bdn
ttiue ddt ddi vdt didn bch ddt xdy dyng
nhd dtiiu nhdp thdp vd nhd dcdng nhdn
thi cdc doanh nghidp tfiam gla xdy dyng
nhd d xa hOi tai Hd Ndi cQng nhu trdn
ca nude chua dupe hudng cde uu ddi
khdc. Chua ed co chd vd phuong thOe

<i>66 doanh nghidp dupe hudng uu dai vd </i>

thud (theo quy dinh doanh nghidp dupe
dp dyng ttiud suat VAT Id 0%; dupe
midn tiiud tiiu nhap doanh nghidp ti-ong
bdn ndm kd tiJ khi cd thu nhdp vd gilm
50% thud tiiu nhdp doanh nghidp trong
5 nam tidp tiieo (vdi nhd d cdng nhdn td
9 nam) vd dupe dp dyng thud suat thud

tiiu nhdp doanh nghl$p Id 10% b-ong

sudt thdt gian hoat ddng). Thdnh phd
chua cd CO chd vd phuong thOc dd bO
Idl sudt cho doanh nghidp; ehua chl djnh
dupe cy thd ngdn hdng hodc td chOc bn
dyng ndo sd cdp vdn vay uu ddl cho
doanh nghidp dlu tu xdy dyng nhd thu
nhdp thdp vd nhd d cdng nhdn.

ThO ba, khdng ed tidu chf rd rdng vd
nhd thu nhdp ttidp vd gid bdn nhd thu
nhdp thdp hidn tai khdng thdp, khdng
tiiu hot dupe ngudi mua nhd. VI ehua ed
quy chu^n ndng ndn cdc cdn hd nhd thu
nhdp thdp dang dupe xdy dyng khdng
khdc nhd d thuong mai thdng thudng.
Vf dy tai Dy dn Kidn Hung, tda nhd ttiu
nhdp thdp cao 25 tdng, cd 1 tdng him,
6 tiiang mdy, ddy dfl nhd hdng, sIdu thf
d tdng trdt, cdc cdn hO rOng ti> 60 ddn
90 m^. Hlu hdt elc dy dn nhd thu nhdp
ttidp d Hd NOi khOng tijdn ttiu quy d|nh
vd thidt kd, xdy dyng nhd d xd hOi, nhu
edn hO cd didn tich Idn hon quy d|nh vd
d$c bldt 11 xdy dyng qud cao ting (theo
Ludt Nhd d thi nhd dxa hOI tai dO tiii die
bidt chl dupe cao 5 - 6 tdng).

Gid nhd ttiu nhdp thdp tai cdc dy dn

dang dupe rao bdn hidn nay d Hd NOl
nhu Ddng Xd, Kidn Hung, Sdi Ddng dao
ddng d mOc 10,5 • 13.5 tridu/m' vd
m5l chfl ddu tij cd mdt elch tinh gid
bdn nhd khde nhau. Muc gid ndy td qud
cao vl vdi dl$n tfch cdn hd khoing 60
- 70 m' thi gid efla cdn hO vdo khoing
800 - 900 tridu ddng. Ngay c l nhOng
ngudi cd tfiu nhdp frung binh, tdng tdp
trung luu CQng khd cd ttid sd hthi cdn
hd d mOc gid nly, chO khdng nd! ddn
nhOng ngudi ed thu nhdp ttilp. Vd thyc
td Id hdng loat khdeh hdng da to> chdi
ky hpp ddng mua nhd thu nhdp ttidp tai
Ddng Xd, Sdi Odng vl gid qud cao. Bdn
canh dd, dCi gid khdng rd hon so vdi
nhd dthuong mai nhyng ngudi mua nhd
ttiu nhdp ttidp lal phdi chju cdc quy dinh

khdt khe vd cho thud, chuydn nhupng
ndn cdng khdng khuydn khfch ngud
mua nhd.

Thu tu, vide xdc dinh ddi tupng dupe
xdt duydt mua nhd thu nhdp thlp d Hd
Ndl cdn Iflng tflng. Ban dlu thdnh phd
quy d|nh chl nhOng ngudi ed hd khdu
thudng trO tai cdc qudn nOi thdnh mdi
Id ddi tupng dupe ndp don mua nhd
thu nhdp thdp. Sau mdt thdi gian ban

hdnh, sd ngudi ndl thdnh ddn nOp don
xdt duydt mua nhd thu nhdp ttidp khdng
nhidu (cd thd vi cdc dy dn nhd thu nhdp
blip ddu d cdch trung tdm thanh phd
khodng 15 - 20km vd vi nhd thu i^dp
thdp ft khdc bidt so vdi nhd d thuong
mai binh thudng ndu trdn). Ddn tiidng
3/2011, khi md bdn tai dy dn nhd ttiu
nhdp ttidp Kidn Hung, ttidnh phd dd bai
bd quy dfnh gidl han hO khlu nOi tiidnh,
thay vdo dd Id tdt cd ngudi ddn cd hO
khdu tai Hd NOI cd bid tham gia ddng
ky mua nhd. Hidn Hd Ndi dang nghidn
cOu dd bdp tyc md rdng ddl tupng dupe
mua nhd thu nhdp thdp ddn c l nhOng
ngudi tam tiij tai Hd NOi.

<b>MdTSDGI/lUHOCHI^NLiniCNHAl} </b>

<b>XAHQI 1 </b>

<i>Tnrdrc h ^ cSn xAc ^nh ro h </i>
<i>tiSu chf nhd if thu n h | p thSp (trc </i>
cdc quy <^nh h i f n t ^ i chuci th^hi
<i>r6 cdc tiSu chf nhy). Ndn phdn t </i>
<i>nhd d dang cdn hd theo 3 bdu (Am </i>
nhd d thu nhdp thdp. nhd d binh ddn
nhd d cao cdp.

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khdng thd c6 gid cao, mudn vdy gid

thdnh nhd phdi thap, nghTa Id cdc tidu
chudn ky thuat chi d mOc phO hop. Do
dd, can sdm cd quy chudn chung vd
xdy dyng nhd dthu nhdp thdp.

Hd Ndl nen sdm ed quy dinh vd ca
cdu can hO theo dien tich ddi vdi eac dy
dn nhd d thu nhdp thdp: cdn hO cd didn
ti'ch 35 - 45 m^ chiem khoang 20%, didn
ti'ch 45 - 60 m^ chidm khodng 60%, cdn
hp 60 - 70 m^ chiem khodng 20%.

Sdm nghien cuu tdp, cdng bd thidt
ke CO sd mdu ddi vdi cdc loai nhd d
<b>trSn dia bdn Hd Npi: nhd d cho ngudi </b>
thu nhdP thdp, nhd d edng nhdn, nhd d
sinh vien, nha d di ddn gili phdng mdt
bang...

<i><b>Thu' hai. can quy hoach vdi iStm </b></i>
<b>nhin ddl han nhdm xdc djnh ro quy </b>
<i><b>dat 6i phdt tridn nhd if thu nhdp </b></i>
<b>thSp. nhd frcong nhan trdn dja bdn </b>
<b>thdnh ph6. Phdi xdc dinh dlu tu phdt </b>

tndn nha d thu nhdp thdp, nhd d edng
nhan Id mOt qud trinh tdu ddi, mang tinh
chidn lupc nen phai ed quy hoach. Id
trlnh phdt ti-ien theo tCmg giai doan mdt
each phO hpp.

Cin sdm quy hoach, tao ra cdc quy
ddt sach, rpng chf dd xdy dung nha d
thu nhdp tiidp, nha d edng nhdn. Viec
phat trien nhd d xa hOi khdng thd phy
thuOc vao quy ddt 20% trong khu dd thi,
quy dat 20% ndy chi ndn ddnh cho nhd

<i>± tai dinh cu (thuc te viec xay dung nha </i>
<i>^ tai dinh cu d Ha Ndi tu quy dat nay hien </i>
<i>Z nay van chua du dap ung yeu cSu), </i>

S Tai cac khu vuc quy hoach phat trien
§ nha dthu nhap thap, nha d cdng nhan

<i>§' se tap trung toan bd day chuydn san </i>

xudt nhd d theo quy trinh cdng nghidp
hoac tdp trung nguydn vdt lidu khdi
lupng Idn dd sdn xudt nhl d hdng loat
vdi tdc dd nhanh vd gid thdnh rd.

Dl Hdn vdi quy hoach cdc khu nhd
d, thdnh phd cIn ddng thdt quy hoach
hd thdng giao thdng, hd trp dlu tu xdy
dyng ha tdng ddng bd tai cdc khu quy
hoach, bd til ngay cdc phuong ti$n v$n
tdl edng edng tai cdc khu ndy, bdo dim
sy tidn Ipi cho cudc sdng cua ngudi
ddn.

<b>Thiir ba. cdc u^ dai chfnh sdch </b>
<i><b>nhd ir thu nh|ip thSp. nhd if c6ng </b></i>
<b>nhSn cSn da dang horn. khOng chf </b>

hudng ddn cdc doanh nghidp xdy dyng
nhd (cung) md eIn chfl trpng hudng
ddn ngudt thud, mua nhd (cdu).

Thyc td trong nhidu chinh sdch hidn
nay, ddi tupng hudng Ipi Id cdc doanh
nghidp. Nhidu dy dn hp dupe uu dai vd
thud dat, vd tidn su dyng ddt, vd ddu
tu eo sd ha ting, vd thud... nhung hp
vin djnh gid bdn nhd nhu ddi vdi cdc
dy dn nh^ dthuong mai md thanh pho
khdng kidm sodt duoe, ngudi ddn phai
chiu thidt. Xet ddn cung, cdi dich can
hudng tdl cfla cdc uu dai, hd trp chfnh
td nhimg ngudi thu nhdp biap, ngudi lao
ddng cd nhu cau nhd d, chfl' khdng phai
eac doanh nghidp kinh doanh nhd.

Do vdy, can cd them cac uu dai cua
nhd nude ddi vdi phfa cau (ngudi thu
nhap thap, cdng nhan lao dong), Cu the
la can sdm cd co che, phuong thuc de
nguoi mua, thue mua nha d thu nhap
thap vay duoc von td cac ngan hang
thuong mai cd hd tro cua nha nude vg

lai suat.

Trong bdl cdnh th| trudng bdt ddng
sdn dang suy thodi hign nay cd thd thuc
hidn gidl phdp hd trp lai sudt cho mOt
sd ddl tupng ngudi thu nhdp thap mua
nhd d thuong mai (Vf dy h5 trp tdi sudt
ddl vdi khodn vay cd gid tr| khdng chd
b-ong khodng 300 - 500 tridu ddng).
Didu ndy vOa tao didu ki§n cho ngudi
thu nh|p thdp mua nhd, vOa gdp phdn
kich thich thi ttudng bit dOng sdn.

<b>Thu' tu*. da dang hod ngudn von </b>
<i><b>dSu tu' phdt tri^n nhd if thu nhap </b></i>
<i><b>thUp, nhd if cdng nhan. Hd NOi c l n </b></i>

ban hdnh cde eachd, chinh sdch uu dai
ridng dd khuydn khich cde thdnh phdn
kinh td tham gia dau tu xdy dyng nhd
d thu nhdp thdp, nhd d cdng nhdn tr§n
dia bdn. Dd nghi Trung uong cho phep
tridn khai sdm md hlnh Quy Tidt kidm
nhd d tai Hd Ndl dd tang cudng cdc ca
hdi cho ngudi ddn tidp c$n dupe vdi nha

<b>d. </b>

Ngudn vdn ngdn sdch cd vai trd
rdt Idn trong phdt tridn nhd d thu nhap

thdp, nhd d cdng nhdn. De nghj nghidn
ciiu, I p dyng cdc giai phap sau ddtdng
them ngudn vdn nay:

• Su dyng todn bd tien ban nhd d
thudc sd hiju nhd nude trdn dia ban
thdnh phd cho muc dfeh dlu tu phat
tridn nhd d xa hOi.

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