Tiếng Anh 11 - Conditional sentenses

<span class='text_page_counter'>(1)</span>CONDITIONAL SENTENSES I. If Clauses : có 3 loại câu điều kiện : TYPE 1. Future possible. IF CLAUSE S + V0 / VS/ES ( Be -> am/ is/ are ). 2. Present unreal. S + Ved/ V2 ( Be -> were ). 3. Past unreal. S + Had + Ved /V3. . MAIN CLAUSE S + Will + VO Shall Can May S + Would + Vo Should Could Might S + Would + Have + Ved / V3 Should Could Might. If . . . not = Unless ( nếu . . . không, trừ phi ). EX: - If he takes my advice, everything can go well. - I wouldn’t do that if I were you. - If I had known your address, I would have written you a letter. - She will be late unless she starts at once. II. Wish : có 3 loại điều ước : TYPE 1. Điều ước ở hiện tại 2. Điều ước ở quá khứ 3. Điều ước ở tương lai. S’ + ( WISH ) + . . . S + Ved / V2 ( Be -> were ) S + Had + Ved / V3. ADVERBS Now, right now, today. . .. S + Would + Vo Could. Tomorrow, next, in the future. . .. Yesterday, ago, last . . .. EX: - I wish today were Sunday. - Tom wished he had seen the football match on T.V last night. - I can’t speak English well. I wish I could speak English well.  Sentence Transformation : 1.. IF. UNLESS. + Qui taéc: - Không thay đổi thì. - Chỉ thay đổi ở mệnh đề IF / UNLESS: phủ định khaúng ñònh . EX a- If you are not careful, you will cut yourself with that knife.  Unless ........ b- Unless you like this one, I’ll bring you another.  If ................ Lop11.com.

<span class='text_page_counter'>(2)</span> c- He would cause an accident if he didn’t drive carefully.  Unless ........ d- You would have lost all of your money unless you hadn’t invested it wisely.  If ................ 2.. Vo + O . . . or S + Will + Vo  If you + don’t Vo, S + Will + Vo  Unless you + Vo , S + Will + Vo. + Chú ý : Dạng này chỉ dùng ở câu điều kiện loại 1. EX: a- Ask him first or he won’t offer to help  Unless ........... b- Take an umbrella with you or you’ll be caught in the rain on the way back.  If .................. c- Be calm or you make a wrong decision.  Unless ...........  If .................... 3. Cho một sự thật ở hiện tại -> Dùng câu điều kiện loại 2 viết lại câu trái với sự thật ở hiện tại: + Qui taéc: - Thay đổi thì ( hiện tại đơn -> quá khứ đơn ) - Viết lại câu trái nghĩa với câu cho trứơc ở cả hai mệnh đề:Phủ định Khaúng ñònh.. a.. S + s.present + O , so S + future/ present + O ->If + S + Ved/ V2 + O , S + Would + Vo + O ( Were ) Could. EX: - He is too old, so he can’t apply for the job.  If .............. Ex:- I don’t know her number, so I don’t ring her up.  If .............. S + future/ present + O because S + s.present + O b..  If + S + Ved/ V2 + O , S + Would + Vo + O ( Were) Could. EX: - Susan is overweight because she eats too much chocolate.  If .............. - We get lost because we don’t have a map.  If .............. Lop11.com.

<span class='text_page_counter'>(3)</span> 4.Cho sự thật ở quá khứ -> Dùng câu điều kiện loại 3 viết lại câu trái với sự thật ở quá khứ: + Qui taéc: - Thay đổi thì ( quá khứ đơn -> quá khứ hoàn thành ). - Víêt lại câu trái nghĩa với câu cho trước ở cả hai mệnh đề : Phủ định Khaúng ñònh. a.. S + Simple past + O , so + S + Simple past + O -> If + S + Had + Ved/ V3 + O , S + Would + Have + Ved/ V3 + O. EX: a- I didn’t see it with my own eyes, so I didn’t believe it.  If .............. b- I didn’t know his address, so I couldn’t contact him.  If I .............. b.. S + Simple past + O because + S + simple past + O -> If + S + Had + Ved/ V3 + O , S + Would + Have + Ved/ V3 + O. EX : -The hens got into the house because she didn’t shut the door.  If ................... 5. Wish Sentences: + Qui taéc: - Thay đổi thì: Hiện tại đơn -> quá khứ đơn. Quá khứ đơn -> Quá khứ hoàn thành. Töông lai ñôn -> Would / Could. - Viết lại câu trái nghĩa với câu ban đầu: Phủ định __ Khẳng định. - Bỏ “I’m sorry” hoặc “What a pity” ( nếu có). EX:  Present wish: a- I’m sorry I don’t get good marks.  I wish............... b- What a pity Mary doesn’t understand me.  I wish............... c- I’m bad at English.  I wish ............. Past wish: a- What a pity my girl friend didn’t go to my birthday party.  I wish ............... b- Nam is sorry now that he didn’t accept the job.  Nam now wishes that .....................  Future wish: a- I’m sorry I can’t speak English fluently.  I wish ................. b- My sister won’t come here.  I wish.................. ________________________________________________________________________________ . Lop11.com.

<span class='text_page_counter'>(4)</span> EXERCISE I. IF -> UNLESS: 1. If he doesn’t take more care, he’ll have an accident. -> Unless . ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. . 2. The crops will be ruined if it doesn’t rain soon. -> Unless ......... . ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 3. Unless the weather is fine, we’ll stay at home. -> If . . . . ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4. I can’t go with you unless I get my work finished. -> If ............... . ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 5. If you don’t leave on the 15th , you’ll get home late for your mother’s party. -> Unless............ . ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 6. Tom never does anything unless his father tells him what to do. -> If ............ . ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 7. Don’t take this job if you don’t really want it. -> Unless ............ . ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 8. If she does nothing to prepare for the test, she will get bad marks. -> Unless ......... . ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 9. You can’t visit the United States unless you get a visa. -> If ............... . ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 10. Unless you remember our address, you can find it in the phone book. -> If ...................... . ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. II. Vo … + O or S + WILL + Vo -> IF YOU + DON’T Vo … , S + WILL + Vo -> UNLESS YOU + Vo … , S + WILL + Vo 1. Do your exercises or you will fail the exam.  If............................  Unless................... 2. Save some money or you won’t able to buy the house.  If............................ 3. Behave yourself or your parents will be very unhappy.  Unless............................ 4. Do it carefully or you’ll feel sorry afterwards.  If............................ 5. Ask him first or he won’t offer to help.  If............................ 6. Be calm or you’ll make a wrong decision.  Unless .................... 7. Be careful or you’ll cut yourself with that knife.  If .............................. III. FACT IN THE PRESENT - > IF CLAUSE ( TYPE 2) 1. My brother doesn’t buy that car because he doesn’t have enough money.  If…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 2. We don’t go out because it rains. If…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 3. I don’t know his address, so I can’t contact him. If…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. Lop11.com.

<span class='text_page_counter'>(5)</span> 4. It’s too cold so we can’t go swimming. If…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 5. The exercises are very difficult so I can’t finish in fifteen minutes. If…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 6. She can’t go to the meeting because she is busy. If…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 7. Because I don’t meet her, I don’t give her your letter. If…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 8. They are too slow, they can’t win the mach. If…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 9. She is too weak, she can’t take any exercise. If…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 10. People don’t understand him because he doesn’t speak clearly. If…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. IV. FACT IN THE PAST -> IF CLAUSE ( TYPE 3) 1. I didn’t watch T.V last night because I was busy. -> If . . …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 2. I didn’t see the signal,so I didn’t stop. -> If . . …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 3. We got lost because we didn’t have a map. -> If . . …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 4. We stayed up late last night and we were so tired. -> If . . …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 5. He wasn’t able to answer the questions, so he failed the exam. -> If . . …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 6. One of the reason I didn’t phone you was that I was very busy. -> If . . …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 7. Unfortunately, I didn’t have an umbrella and so I got wet in the rain. -> If . . …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 8. Peter was very nervous and failed the driving test. -> If . . …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 9. I didn’t take a taxi because I didn’t have any money on me. -> If . . …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 10. Without a visa, she couldn’t have come to that country. -> If . . …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. V. FACT. ->. WISH. 1. I’m sorry I don’t have much money.  I wish...................................................... 2. What a pity I missed an exciting football match on T.V last night.  I wish ....................................................... 3. What a pity Mary doesn’t understand me. I wish...................................................... 4. I’m sorry I can’t speak English fluently.  I wish...................................................... 5. My friends don’t take part in the game.  I wish...................................................... 6. I’m sorry I get bad marks.  I wish...................................................... Lop11.com.

<span class='text_page_counter'>(6)</span> 7. What a pity the weather isn’t find today.  I wish...................................................... 8. What a pity I missed an exciting football match on T.V last night.  I wish ................................................................................................ 9. I haven’t enough money to buy this book.  I wish...................................................... 10. I’m afraid he won’t get over his illness soon.  I wish...................................................... 11. I live in a big city, but I don’t like it.  I wish...................................................... 12. I can’t take the trip to Hanoi with her next summer.  I wish...................................................... 13. Mary is afraid she won’t be able to attend your wedding next week.  I wish...................................................... 14. I’m sorry I didn’t finish my homework.  I wish...................................................... 15. Tom bought the second- hand car.  I wish...................................................... 16. She won’t come with me.  I wish...................................................... 17. Nam is sorry now that he didn’t accept the job. 18.  Nam wishes...................................................... 19. I regret that you didn’t give me a chance to tell the truth. 20.  I wish you had given...................................................... 21. He is sorry now that he didn’t invite Molly to his party.  I wish...................................................... 22. Daisy didn’t go swimming with me.  I wish....................................................... Lop11.com.

<span class='text_page_counter'>(7)</span>