Kết quả nghiên cứu sử dụng chế phẩm Metavina 90 DP để diệt trừ mối coptotermes Formosanus (ISOPTERA: RHINOTERMITIDATE) hại công trình kiến trúc

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PHAN II - XAY DUNG VA B A O VE CONG TRINH... 625

KET QUA NGHIEN CLFU SLP DUNG CHE

P H A M

METAVINA 90DP DE DIET TRLf

<i> M 6 | COPTOTERMES </i>

<i>FORMOSANUS (ISOPTERA: RHINOTERMITIDAE) </i>

HAI CONG TRiNH KIEN TRUC

<i><b>TS. Trinh Vdn Hgnh"' </b></i>
<i><b>Dinh Xudn Tudn </b></i>
<b>Summary: </b>

<b>Research on usage of Metavina 90DP to treat Coptotermes formosanus (Isoptera: </b>
<b>Rhinotermitidae) damaging buildings construction. </b>

Some results in the research process show that the strain Ma 01 can cause death
all individuals of termite population with 1000-4000 individules in which 10-20%
ones have innitially contaminated. Culture and form features of the strain MaCI is
still stable after re-isolation.In the preservation condition at 4°C, decline level of
termite treatment of MaC1 is 2,9% and 8,3% after 12 months.

I. DAT

V A N Dt

<i>Mdi C. formosanus la loai gay hai chii yeu cho cdng trinh kien tnic. de diet trii' </i>
chiing ngudi ta thudng sir dung phucmg phap lay nhiem vdi cac hoa chat dang bpt, cac
hoa chit nay la nhung chit dpc hai vdi con ngudi va mdi trudng sinh thai. Tir cac ket
qua nghien ciru chiing tdi da xay dyng hoan thien quy trinh va san xuat thanh cdng che
phim Metavina 90DP cd ham lugng bao tir rat cao (10* - 10"'bt/g). De sir dung che
pham Metavina 90DP cd hieu qua chiing tdi tien hanh nghien ciai sir dung che pham
tren cic md hinh thi nghiem vdi sd lupng 1000 - 4000 ca the mdi.

II. VAT LIEU VA PHU'aNG PHAP NGHIEN ClJU

<i><b>;. Vdt lieu </b></i>

<i>To mdi Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki dugc nudi tai Trung tam nghien ciiu </i>
phdng trii mdi.

Chi phim Metavina 90DP do Trung tam nghien cim phdng trir mdi san .xuat tir
<i>cac chiing nim A/. Anisopliae MaCl va MaC2. </i>

Hop nhir. hop nhya de nudi mdi, dng nhya trang cd 0 = 1,5 cm.

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<i>2. Phwffng phdp nghiin ciru </i>

<i>Thi nghiem tren dTa petri: Tha 50 c i thi moi C. formosanus cua ciing td trong 1 </i>
dia petri trong dd dd chi cd mpt ti le nhd e i thi da dugc phoi nhiem trudc ydi chi pham
Metavina 90DP, theo ddi sd moi chit do benh nim d Id thi nghiem v i sd mdi chet ty
nhien d Id ddi chirng dl riit ra nhan xet, thi nghiem dugc lip lai 3 lan.

Thi nghiem vdi cac hop nudi: Mdi dugc nudi trong hop nhya da dugc bd sung giay
cac tdng sau 15 ngay mdi tao nen trong hop nhya hinh dang td gin gidng nhu vdi td phy. Tir
hop nhya ed cac ong nhira dan sang hop nhir mdi (so do bd tri thi nghiem theo hinh I). Sau
khi moi da an diy cac hop nhir, thi tiin hanh bam bpt che pham Metavina 90DP len minh
cac ca thi mdi nhu khi tiin hanh lay nhiem bing hoi chit [I]. Ket qui dugc dinh gii sau khi
dd va kilm tra mirc dp sdng sdt ciia mdi d hop kiem tra va thiing dyng mdi sau 20 ngay thi
nghiem.

Xir ly so lieu thu duge theo cdng thirc Abbot.

<b>Hop nuoi moi </b>

<i><b>Hinh 1. Md hinh khdo nghiim thudc bdng phwffng phdp lay nhiim </b></i>

Nhudm mdi mau dd de danh dau cic ca the mdi nhiem che pham ban dau bang
Sudan Red 7B theo phuang phip ciia Lai, 1983 [ 3].

Che pham dugc bio qua d dieu kien 4*'C v i dieu kien nhiet do phdng tir 25 den
30"C, de kiem tra hieu lyc diet mdi cua che pham theo thdi gian d cic dieu kien b i o
qua khac nhau.

<b>III. K^T QUA NGHIEN CLFU </b>

<i><b>/. Xdc djnh ty li mdi bj nhiim chi phdm Metavina 90DP trong phong thi nghiim </b></i>
Cho mdi nhiem che phim Metavina 90DP vdi sd lugng khic nhau, rdi bd sung
trd lai vao cac dia petri da cd mdi ban dau sao cho sd lugng mdi trong cic dia diu la 50
cac the. Sau do theo ddi ty le chet ciia mdi d cic dTa thi nghiem v i ty le mdi ehet ty
nhien d cac dTa ddi chimg de riit ra nhan xet. Sd lieu thi nghiem duge trinh b i y tren
bang 1.

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PHAN II - XAY DIJNG VA BAO VE CONG TRINH.. 627

<i>bao tir miu xanh dim die trung ciia M. anisopliae. Trong khi dd xac nhirng con mdi </i>
chet d Id ddi chung khdng cd bieu hien ciia benh do nhiem nim nay va chiing bi vi
khuin phan huy rat nhanh. Dieu nay chimg td nhd tap tinh xa hpi ciia mdi, bao tu nim
<i>tir mpt sd con mdi nhiem bao tir nam M. anisopliae ban diu da lan truyen sang tat ca </i>
cac con mdi khac trong dTa thi nghiem dc gay chit cho c i nhdm moi. Kit qua phan tich
cho thay chiing hai chiing MaCl va MaC2 cd hieu lire diet manh.

<i>Bang 1. Ty le (%) moi chet do ldy nhiem che phdm Metavina 90DP </i>
<i>tren dia petri theo thai gian thi nghiem </i>

Chiing
giong cua
ch6 pham
Metavina
90DP
(MaCl)
Metavina
90DP
(MaC2)

<i><b>^r"^</b></i>

Ooi chu-ng

<b> " </b>

Tile
nhiem
ban
diu
4
8
12
4
8
12
0
1
0
4,0
±1,0
2,5
±1,2

0
2,25
±1,1
8,0 ±
1,1
0,7
±0,3

Ty le {%)

2
8,3
±1,5
16,3
±3,2
14,3
±2,2
4,3
+1,2
12,3
±2,4
20,8+2,9
1,3
±0,3

moi chet theo thai
• ' , " ~ ! 1

j ;
3 1 4 1 5 i

<b>hi . </b>

-14,5 49,0
±1,8 1 ±5,0

55,5 1
±5,0 1
31,5 81,3 ' 86,3 j
<i>±3,1 ; ±3,6 \ ±3,9 , </i>
28,3 87,5 , 93,8
±4,8 : ±4,0 i ±4,0
10,5 , 38,0 57,5 :
±2,2 ±3.5 ±4,0 ;
46.3 : 82,0 : 87,8 :
±5,8 ; ±5,9 j ±4,8 j
53,0±5,

9
2,3

62,5±4, ! 96,3±
3 1,9
2,7 1 2,7 i
±0,3 1 ±0,7 i ±0,6 j

gian (ngay)
6
60,0 !
±5,1 i
90,5

±2,7
100
74,0
±3,5
96,3
±2,8
100
3,4 1
±0,3 :
7
88,0
±4,3
93,3
±2,7
87,8
±4,6
100
4,0
±0,6
8
93
! ±4,3
100
95,5
±3,3
5,7
±0,9
9
100
100

6,0
±0,6
<i>Sd lieu tren bang 1 cdn cho thay khi tang ty le c i the moi bi nhiem bao tir M. </i>

<i>anisopliae ban diu thi thdi gian mdi chit dat 100% giam di rd ret. Vdi ty le mdi bi </i>

nhilm bao tir ban diu la 4%, so ngay mdi chet 100% la 9 ngay; vdi 8% sd ngay mdi
chit 100% la 7 - 8 ngay; vdi 12% sd ngay mdi chit 100% la 6 ngay.

<i>2. Thi nghiim ldy nhiim chung MaCl trin md hinh v&i 1000 - 4000 cd the mdi </i>

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nhiem bao tir vdi sd lugng mdi tir 1000 - 4000 c i the mdi. Vdi so lugng nay, mdi cd
the tao nen td phu trong vat lieu cac tdng. Kit qua thi nghiem dugc trinh bay d bing 2.

<i>Bdng 2. Miii quan he giua .«5 ngdy mdi chil 100% vai sd lugng mdi thi nghiem, giica ty </i>
<i>le cd thi mdi hi nhiim hdo lu ban ddu vai dp ddi qudng duang mdi di chuyen </i>

STT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

13
14
15
16
17

So lupng m6i ; Ty le nhiim bao tif
(ca the)

1000

2000

4000

ban dau (%)

10

20

10

20

10

20

Chiiu dii ong noi

(cm)

100

S 6 ngay mdi j
chit 1 0 0 %

10,4±1,07<i> \ </i>

300 11,4±0,68
500 14,8±0,66
100 8,0±0,32
300 j 8,8±0,37 j
500 i 9,0±0,45
100 14,8±0,86 i
300 r 15,4±0,81 I
500 ! 17,4±0,68 1
100 1 9,8±0.58
300 i 10,2±0,37

500
100

11,0±0,32 i
>20 ;
300 j >20 1
500 i >20 i
100 1 11,4±0,51
300<i> '.</i> 11,8±0,66

500 17,0+1,05

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PHAN II - XAY DIJNG VA BAO VE CONG TRINH.. 629
nay d thi nghiem tren dia. Nhu vay, vdi sd lugng hang trieu c i thi trong mdt td mdi d
ty nhien cin phii Iiy nhiem d ty le cao ban.

<i><b>3. Hiiu Iwc diet mdi mdi C. formosanus eda cdc chung MaCI vd MaC2 tdi phdn lap </b></i>

Mdt trong cie tieu chi ciia viec tuyen chpn cic chiing nim gay benh la hieu lyc
ciia chiing phii dn dinh trong qui trinh lay nhiem [2]. Chiing tdi da tiin hanh tii phan
lap cic chiing MaCl va MaC2 tir xic mdi ehit do bi phai nhilm bio tir ciia cie chiing
niy de xic dinh lai hieu lyc cua cic ehimg d the he sau. Kit q u i thi nghiem tren dTa
petri duge trinh b i y tren bang 3.

<i>Bdng 3. LT50 (gia) cita cdc chimg MaCl vd MaC2 tdi phdn lap </i>

Chiing giong

MaCI
MaC2

Lieu luang bio tu
5.10'

63,00 ±4,41
65,75 ± 2,42

5.10^
91,25 ±4,27
96,25 ±3,77

5.10^
134,75 ±3,63
143,00 ±5,08

5.10'
>240
>240

06i chifng
>240
>240

Sd lieu cho thay, sau khi tii phan lap, hieu lyc diet mdi ciia cic chiing MaC 1 va
MaC2 k h i dn dinh, khi cho phoi nhiem bao tir eiia cic ehiing tii phin lap d cic lieu
lugng khic nhau, hieu lyc diet mdi dugc the hien qua LT50 tren bang 3. Chimg td hieu
lyc diet mdi cua chiing khdng thay ddi so vdi chiing gdc ban dau. Dieu nay md ra trien
vpng cic the he nam va bio tir ke tiep nhau sinh ra tren xac mdi se tao nen sy lay
nhiem mang tinh diy tmyen, lam cho hieu qui diet mdi se cao ban.

<i><b>4. Hiiu qud diet mdi C. formosanus trong qud trinh bdo qudn bdo tir </b></i>

Dinh ky mdi thing mdt lin trong qui trinh bao quin, liy bao tir xic dinh hieu qui
diet mdi sau 72 gid xir ly bing dich huyen phii bao tir, vdi lieu lupng 10 /ml va lieu
<i>diing la 10ml, phoi nhiem cho 50 ca the mdi C. formosanus trong dTa petri (10 xl5cm). </i>
Hieu qua diet mdi cua chiing MaC I trudc khi bao quan dugc xic dinh l i 67,9%, tuang
ty, chiing MaC2 la 67,1 %. Kit qui xic dinh hieu lyc dinh ky sau bio quan dugc trinh
bay d bang 4.

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<i>Bdng 4. Hieu qud diet mdi C. formosanus Irong qud trinh bdo qudn bdo tic </i>

<i>a cdc diiu kien khdc nhau ciia 2 chiing MaClvd MaC2 </i>

Thdi gian bao
quan (thang)

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

Chung MaCI
25 - 30°C

67,3±0,76
67,0±0,43
66,2±0,43
64,8±0,71
60,8+0,53
57,8±0,08
56,2+0,51
53,3±0,65
50,6±0,51

47,5±0,67
43,5±0,90
39,4+0,34

Nhiet dp 4''C
67,6±0,21
67,3±0,24
66,7±0,15
65,6±0,14
65,4±0,10
65,0±0,10
64,4±0,07
63,5+0,03
62,20,12
61,6±0,15
60,4±0,20
59,6±0,31

Chung MaC2
25 - SO^C

66,8±0,24
66,6±0,24
66,1±0,20
64,8+0,70
60,5±0,42
57,6+0,16
56,0±0,45
52,9±0,50
50,3±0,42

46,9±0,55
43,5±0,31
39,4±0,32

Nhiet dp 4°C
66,8±0,15
66,6±0,26
65,7±0,15
65,4±0,22
64,6±0,25
64,0±0,29
63,4±0,12
62,3±0,18
60,9±0,22
61,5±0,32
60,3±0,14
57,3±0,24

<b>IV. K^T LUAN </b>

1. Chiing nim MaCl cd khi ning gay chet cho tat ci cac c i the khac trong quin

the cd sd lugng tu 1000 - 4.000 ci the vdi ty Ie lay nhiem ban diu li 10 -20% sd ci thi.

<i>Khi ning gay benh lim chet din mdi C. formosanus ciia bao tir chiing MaCl phy thudc </i>

vao ty le ca the mdi bi giy nhiem ban dau, khi ning gay chit khi xir Iy chi phim phu

thupc vao khoing each giira nai giy nhiem vi nai tap tmng mdi .

2. Sau khi tii phan lap tir cic ci the mdi bi nhiem benh, hieu luc diet mdi cua cic

chiing MaCl va MaC2 la dn dinh.

3. Miic dp suy giim hieu qua diet mdi cua cic chung MaCI v i MaC2 trong chi

phim Metavina 90DP d diiu kien bao quin 4°C chi la 2,9% vi 8,3% sau 12 thing.

<b>TAI LIEU THAM KHAO </b>

[1]. Nguyen Chi Thanh, 1996. Nghien ciiu bien phip diet va phdng mdi khdng phai tim

td cho cdng trinh xay dyng. Luan an Phd Tien sy khoa hpc ndng nghiep, 166tr.

[2]. Hanel, H., 1982. Biological control of the termite Nasutitermes axitiosus with

Metarhizium anisopliae. Proc. Biol. Of Social Insect, pp 47.

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