Các loại vữa Polyme biến tính dùng để sửa chữa bề mặt bê tông

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<b>DIEN DAN KHOA HOC CONG NGHE </b>

<b>^CAC LOAI VU'A </b>

<b>POLYME </b>

<b>B I E N T I N H D U N G </b>

<b>OE SUTA CHUTA B E </b>

<b>MAT BE T O N G </b>

<b>D I N H BA LO </b>

C

dng tae sda chtra bd mat cac cdng trinh be tdnp

thddng cdn nhidu loai polyme de bidn ddi tinh chdt

cua xi mang va be tdng. Viec thay ddi cdc tinh chat

ciia xi mdng bciri cdc polyme tao ra nhidu tinh chdt quan

trpng, ed the phii hcpp vcfri nhidu dang img dung khdc nhau.

Oe tao ra nhung tinh ndng theo y mudn ddi vcpi bdt ky dng

dung nao, thi cdn phai nam dddc nhung nguydn ly ed ban

rang tai sao cac polyme lai ed the bidn ddi ddpc nhdng tinh

chdt ciia xi mang.

Trdde hdt cdn hieu rdng cac polyme ddpc sd dung vcfri

muc dich ddu tien la Idm thay ddi cac tinh chdt eiia vda (xi

<i>mdng pooclang + nadc + cdt lieu cat), md khdng phai ciia </i>

<i>be tdng (vira + cdt lieu Idn nhd da dam, soi cudi), la do cd </i>

lien quan ddn ehi phi. Trd trddng hcpp be tdng polyme bidn

tinh dung trong sda chda mat cau vd sda chda dadng, eon

hdu hdt xi mdng polyme bidn tinh dddc sd dung cho mdt

Icpp vda cd dp ddy khoang 1 - 2 inch (2,5 - 5,0 em). Tuy

nhien van phai ndm dddc nguydn ly sau.

<b>Cac polyme cai thien ti'nh chit cua vCPa theo 4 each </b>

<b>sau day: </b>

1. Bao dddng xi mang tich cdc hcpn. Cddng dp bd tdng

xi mang phu thudc vdo bao dddng hodn hao, phan img

hod hpc (thuy hod) gida xi mang va nddc khidn cho cac

tinh the phat trien va bao quanh cac thanh phdn ciia hdn

hcpp be tdng. Trong giai doan ddu bao dddng (khoang 5 - 7

ngdy ddu), phai ed dii nddc de duy tri qua trinh thuy hod

hay de' cho xi mdng/be tdng se khdng rdn chdc hodn todn.

Cac polyme lam giam tdc dp bay hoi nddc, cho phep

cau true tinh the duy tri phdt trien vd tao ra eddng dp trong

qua trinh bao dddng sdm ban ddu. Lam giam bay hoi nadc

dae bidt quan trpng ddi vcfri cac Idp mong, d dd dien tich bd

mat bay hdi Idn so vcpi the tich eiia vda.

2. Lam tang kha ndng cong tae ciia hdn hop. Bien tinh

bang polyme cai thien dang ke cac tinh ndng sd dung,

khien cho vCra chay hdn vd de dang thi cdng hdn. Mdt

Iddng polyme nhdt dinh tdn tai sudt qua trinh thuy hoa, cd

the keo ddi thdi gian thi cong, dd Id ddc tinh quan trpng khi

thdi tidt ndng. Didu ndy cd nghia la cde nhd thau cd the sd

dung it nadc hdn de cd dddc tinh cdng tac eiia hdn hcpp be

tdng theo y mudn. Polyme cd tac dung nhd mdt chat giam

nddc, khidn cho vda cd cddng dp cao hon, it

Id rdng va it khuydt tdt hdn.

3. Op dinh bam ddpc cai thien. Polyme

bien tinh ed tae dung lam tdng dp dinh bam

eiia vda vcfri cdc be mat khac nhau nha bd

tdng, khdi xdy, gaeh, gd, polystyrene cimg vd

polyurethan bpt, thuy tinh va cac kim loai.

Dinh bam Id tinh chat quan trpng, dac bidt

ddi vcDi cdc Idp vda mdng nha vda phun, vda

stucco trat bit vd ode Icpp vda lot, cac bd mat

chiu rung va chiu cac phaong tien giao thdng

nang.

4. Tdng cddng dp va dp ben vdng. Cac

vda polyme bidn tinh ndi chung tdng cddng

dp chiu keo vd udn, tang dp bdn chdng va

dap vd chdng mdi mdn, tang kha ndng chiu

nddc, tang dp bdn hod hpc hdn so vcfri cdc

loai vda khdng bidn tinh. Odng thdi, trong

vda han chd dddc sd phat sinh ndt vi md,

khidn cho cai thien dddc dp cimg eiia vda ndi

chung.

<b>NhL?ng ling dijng: </b>

Sd kdt hpp kha ndng cdng tac, dp dinh

bdm dddc cai thidn vcfri tang cddng bao

dddng cho phep sd dung vCra polyme bidn

tinh trong mdt sd ITnh vac dng dung dae bidt

quan trpng ma eae loai vda khac khdng the

thdc hien dddc.

Mpt trong nhung ITnh vde img dung quan

trpng nhat do la sd dung cho Icpp vda mong,

day khdng qua 1 - 2 inch. Tdt ca nhdng dng

dung nay deu ddi hoi cde tinh chdt hoa/ed

eiia vat lieu phai dap img.

- Chat gdn kdt va vda: Cac vien dp tadng

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<b>C A C LOAI VU'A POLYME... </b>

va lat sdn bdng gdm (ceramic), da
marble va cac loai da khac... Op
dinh bam, dp chiu nadc/hoa chdt,
cadng dp udn phai dam bao. 0 6 la
nhdng img dung phd bidn nhdt ddi
vdi cac loai vOra polyme bidn tinh.
- Cdc loai vda sda chda va ddp
<i>va: Cac loai vaa diing de sda </i>
chda nirt vd bong rdp cac kdt cdu
bd tdng nhd via he, dddng d td va
tadng. Dp dinh bdm, kha nang
chdng mdi mdn, cadng dp keo va
udn Id cac chi tieu quan trpng.
Vda mcfri se khdng lien ket tdt vcfri
bd tdng cu ndu khdng dapc bidn
tinh bdi polyme.

- Cac Icpp phii trang tri: Cac Icpp
phu tddng vd hoan thidn nhd (vda

stucco polyme bidn tinh). Op dinh
bam, cadng dp keo va udn, dp
ben vung ben ngoai la cdc chi tieu
quan trpng.

- San va mat dadng: Cd the s d
dung vda vd bd tdng cho phii sdn
nhd cdng nghidp/thaong mai nha
cdc nhd kho, cde xodng, benh
vidn, edu thang, gara, san dadng
sdt, dadng bdng... Kha ndng dinh
bdm, cddng dp keo va udn, dp
chiu nadc, chiu hoa chat vd dp
bdn vdng ben ngoai la eae ehi tieu
quan trpng.

- Chdng thdm nadc: Cde kdt
cdu nha tdng tret, be chda nadc,
be chda hod chdt, sdn tdu, mai
nhd, tddng be tdng. Op chju nadc

ddi vdi tat ca; dp chju hoa chdt va
cac tinh chat khac ddu phu thupe
vao ITnh vdc s d dung.

T h d chdng thdm cua cac
midng va bdng vda polyme bidn
tinh va khdng bidn tinh . Vda phai
dddc midt chat vao ndn cu. Op
dinh bam la tinh chat quan trpng

ciia vira Idp trat vd trdn be tdng.
Ndu khdng cd polyme bidn tinh
vda se bj bong nhanh chdng vd v d
<i>ra nhd manh khoai tay. Ldu y </i>
rdng, cdn tranh de thda vira, vi rdt
khd dpn sach.

<b>Cac loai polyme: </b>

Cd nhieu loai polyme ed the s d
dung cho vda, gdm cde polyme
latex (nhda, mii); polyme khd tdi
chd, polyme tan trong nadc, vd
nhieu loai khde. Didu quan trpng
la cac nhd thdu phai tudn theo cac
dieu kien sau ddy:

1. Chpn loai vda dimg cdn cho
cdng vide ciia ban.

Nhan mac ehi ra vda phiJ hcpp
s d dung d trong hay ngodi nha
(kha nang chdng tia cde tim UV),
dp chdng thdm (chiu nadc), cdc
vidn gdm (dp dinh bam, chiu
<i>node). Phdn Idn cac nhan hieu se </i>
khdng ehi rd ddnh cho ngoai nha
cdn bien tinh 100% bang polyme
acrylic, nhung nhdn hieu phai chi
ro vOra dd ed thich hop s d dung

ben ngodi hay khdng/hay bdn chiu
anh ndng mat trdi.

Tdong td, phdn Icm eae nhan
hieu se khdng chi ro rdng vda
chdng thdm dddc bien tinh bciri
polyme styrene-acrylie, nhdng
nhan hieu can ehi ro nd cd the sd
dung lam vda chdng thdm hay
khdng,

2. Laa chpn loai polyme long
hay khd Id phu thudc vdo nhu cau
ciia ban. Cde polyme long thadng
chda trong eae binh ed hadng ddn
each pha chd lidu Idpng bao nhidu
vao hdn hcpp vOra khd chda cat, xi
mang va cac thanh phdn khde.
Trong hddng ddn cung ndu each
tranh anh hddng eua nhiet dp
ddng bang tcfri dp ddng nhat ciia
polyme. Cde polyme khd thadng
dapc cho vdo vda khd trdde, bdi
vdy nha thau chi can cho thdm
nadc vao bao dong vira khd khi s d
dung.

3. Theo cac hacfmg dan trdn
nhan mac:

Nhidu nha thdu thadng lam Idy
nhanh s d dung qud it polyme
ddng trong binh hay dung san
pham khdng dddc chi dinh trong
thidt kd. Oe ed dapc tinh nang can
thiet ddi vcfri hdu hdt cde ITnh vac,
thi ladng polyme thddng phai
chidm tcpi 3 - 5% trong tdng sd
chdt rdn (10 - 15% so vdi khdi
ladng xi mang).a

Theo "Concrete Construction" My N12/2010.

<b>T H O N G BAO </b>

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