Phát triển không gian công cộng - Thời đô thị hóa

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K ] VAN DE QUAN TAH

Phat trien khong gian cong cpng

<b>THOI DO THj HOA </b>

UTS NGUYEN AN BlNH - Tdng Gi^m ddc TCT Oia dc Sdi Gdn

<b>TtiUC TRANG </b>

Khdng gian cdng cpng chua dupc quan tdm
diu tu vd qudn ly nhu mpt b i t dgng sin trong
thj trudng. Sy qudn ly tgp frung chu ylu vdo
cdc CO quan Nhl nudc mang dgc trung cua tfnh
chit qudn ly hdnh chlnh, ngng v l thii tyc, nhe
v l tinh linh hogt trong quin ly ddi vdi thyc tiln
thi trudng vd nhu clu sii dyng. Do dd, tf trpng
khdng gian cdng cgng trong dd th| vira tiiira vira
thily. Sy thilu hyt th|t sy nim d ngudn eung
cdc cdng frlnh cdng cgng cd chit iupng du ddp
ling nhu clu ngly edng da dgng eua ngudi sii
dyng. Cdng xa cdc trung tdm dd thj, cde khdng
gian edng cgng cdng loang din vd gin nhy trd
thdnh cdc khdng gian trdng don thuin, md sy
tdn tgi eiia nd cdn hay khdng cQng khdng quan
trpng, KhPng gian edng cpng khdng chf ddng
vai trd "chung" nhu 1^ tiiuylt md vdl cdc dd thj
Vigt Nam, KGCC cdn ddp ung r i t nhilu cdc nhu
clu sdng vd sinh hogt khde khi md dign tfch nhd
6 edn eh|t hgp, khdng cd khdng gian giao luu,
gili tri chuygn bigt "binh ddn".

<b>VhUYHOilCHPHATTRI^NVATHI^K^ </b>

Theo d m nhgn ndng, dudng nhu d e khdng
gian cdng cdng hign nay ehl dupc quy hogch
trin mgt binh dd tuyln tinh trong khi dd th| id

mpt thyc t h i nhilu chilu. Cdc khdng gian cdng
cpng phdt friln theo ehilu eao, ehilu slu ciia
dd thj hign dgt khdng dupc quan t i m tinh todn
nhilu. Vdl sy phdt f iln vupt bgc cua edng ngtig
xdy dyng vd tinh todn thilt k l , cde edng finh
kiln f l i c nhy cdc tod nhd ehpc f d i dd dgt din
quy md r i t idn vd cd t h i dupc xem nhu mgt khu
dd thi nhd vi gidi hgn v l thdi gian di chuyin vd
gidl hgn khdng gian dd bi cdc edng nghg mH
chinh phye. Ngoli ra, tinh chit khdng gian kin
vd khdng gian md cQng ein xem xlt, bd trf cho
phit hpp vdl ddi tupng sir dyng. Le Corbusier dd
dua ra c l e ngyygn t i c v l quy hogch phln khu
chiic nlng tii r i t idu. Do dd chimg ta khdng nln
cht phdn khu chiic ndng cdc khdng gian cdng
cgng nhy gidi frf, giao thdng, ig nghi, chfnh f j,
kinh doanh, thuong mgi, gido dye, y t l don
thuin trgn mdt bdng quy hogch tdng t h i khu dfl
thj vi ehua tti|t sy higu qui v l sir dung d i t dd
thj phii hpp sy tiln bg khoa hpe cdng nghg cQng
nhu nhOng tinh todn h i t cdc nhu c l u sir dgng
theo khdng gian 3 chllu ciia cu din dd th|. Trgn
till gidt, cic tda nhl choc trdi d Nhgt, Odi Loan
mdi xdy dyng diu quan t i m td chire khdng gian
edng cdng h i t sire dly dd vd phong phii trong

chllu cao tiia nhd.

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Ndi ddn kheng gian c6ng cOng la ndi vd mgt cdi gl dd rit chung md iai t i l ndng NhOng gl chung ta
bidt vd khOng gian cOng cgng id nhOng khOng gian c6 quy mO khd ldn dugc sii dung ly do nhung cd
su qudn ly nhu dufing sd. sdn bdi, cOng vidn,. Khi nhin vd qud khii cOng nhu cdm nh3n hign lgi, cP thi
nhgn thdy rSng su t6n tgi vd phdt triln khOng gian cOng cgng trong do thi Igo ndn sue sdng ddc thu
ciia bSt k^ do ihi ndo du co quy mO ldn nhd ra sao. 6 trong khOng gian ly, luOn cimg tdn tai mOt cOng
ddng ddn cu dang sinh hogt, idm vigc vd quan trong hon cd id ciing thay dfii, cung phdi tnln hoac ddn
ddn gidm thilu vS bidn m^t, 3nh hudng din qud trlnh hinh thdnh vS pha tnln khOng gian cOng cOng,
Theo quan dilm ciia nhd phSt tri^n bit dgng sdn, c6 mOt sO vln dd ndi bat c3n quan tam nghidn ciiu
d6i vPi khOng gian cOng cOng trong qud trlnh dd th| ho3 tgi Vigl Nam

<b>V^HI^U QUA KINH Ti </b>

Hign nay, ed le da sd chiing ta diu
nhin nhgn mgt dilu Id 'Cdng cgng ed
nghTa id midn phi, la ty do sir dyng?".
Cd id higu qua kinh t l trong qud finh
khai thdc cdc khdng gian edng cgng
d i u chua ti'nh todn cy t h i , hay ipt nhugn
tir khai thdc kmh doanh cle khodng
khdng gian nly khdng nim f o n g chu
finh kinh t l eiia mpt sin phim hdng
hda. Nhu vgy, vigc thu hiit d i u tu phdt
trien cac khdng gian cdng cpng sd
khdng higu qud mdt phan do chinh sdch
qudn ly sir dyng va quan ly quyln sir
dyng bit dpng sin. Trong thdi budi d i t
ch|t ngudi ddng, de tiet kigm dign fch
d i t vd gidm thilu tdc ddng ddi vdi mdi

trudng, edng ty Palaeom cua Australia
vira dupc phep xay mot nghTa fang d
Oerrnalium, each Melbourne 177 km
v l phia Tly, noi thi the se duoc chdn
dimg, ede dich vu mai tang don gian
nhu ehl diing mdt edi tiii dyng thi hdi
thay vi quan tdi giup giam thilu chi phi
dich vuva dat dai.

<b>XAC U P QUYtNSdKiTU, QUYEN Sl]r </b>

<b>DUNCQUANLY </b>

Quyln sd hiru: hau hit chi phi diu
tu edc bat ddng san cdng cpng Id tJ
ngdn sdch Nhd nudc, nhung cung ed
mpt phln da duoc ti'nh todn vdo gid
thanh md ngudi mua bat ddng sdn phli
trd. Dieu nay Idm ngdn sdch diu tu ciia
Nha nudc trd nen nang n l nhung khdng
thu dupc lot nhugn vd ngudi mua phdi
chiu b i t hpp iy d chd khdng cd quyln
ddng sd hOu ddi vdi eae khdng gian
cdng cpng ndy. Oo dd, quyln sii dyng
<i>cQng nhgp nhdng va y thirc sd dung </i>
cua ngudi dan eung khdng git/ gin, tdn
trong "cua ehung". Quan iy sd giup phdt

<i>Z triln Idnh mgnh edc khdng gian cdng </i>

5 edng, tgo nln hieu qui thilt thue v l

- mdt xd hpi cpng dong.

<b>i VIXA Hdl, CONG DdNG fid TH!,CA </b>
<b>f N H A N V A H ( | ' G I A { | 1 N H </b>

Ddy diu id ylu td tgo nln sy sdng
ciia cdc khdng gign edng cgng. Tuy
vgy, quan hg giifa ylu td ijch sir vd
truyin thing sd gidi quylt nhu t h i ndo,
gid trj bin sic vdn hda giif gin ra sao?
Cd thdnh ngQ "Dd thj ed trgt t ; eiia nd
vd Idng xd cd truyin thdng cua minh".
Nhu v|y, ligu vln d l cdng nghigp hda
-hign dgi hda cd ldm mit di bin sdc vdn
hda ddn tgc eiia cdc khdng gian cdng
cgng truyin ttidng hay khdng? Cdc KTS
nln ngdi cting nhiing ngudi sii dyng
khi thilt k l edc khdng gian cdng cdng,
edc tod nhd d l bilt chdc tod nhd dd
phCi hpp vdi ngudi su dyng vd phii hop
truyin thdng xd hgi Vigt Nam? Vigt Nam
cin cd mgt dgi ngu KTS tdi ndng. Ho
cin phdi trau ddi, tilp xiie thgt nhilu
vdl cpng ddng, ddi tupng su dyng, d l
bilt phli thilt k l nhu the ndo d l mpi
ngudi cd t h i t i p cgn vd sii dung ede
edng trlnh cCia hp. Tdi khong nghT rang
b i t ed KTS ndo eiing cd t h i thilt k l
ede tod nhd thda man moi ddi tuong
sii dyng, nlu khdng t i p xOe vdi hp, ndi

chuygn vdi hp.

<b>KHONG GIAN CHO NGUOI KHUYET TAT </b>

Khdng cd khdng gian cdng cpng
ndo id cdng thuc kieu miu phii hpp eho
mpi cpng ddng, mpi do thj. Su gidi hgn
v l khdng gian chf id tuong ddi. Ngdy
nay, sy ddng gdp eua edng nghe thdng
tin vd truyin thdng, edc tign fch cdng
nghg hign dgi dd tgo nln su hap din
ciia cdc khdng gian. Vgy khdng gian
cdng cdng ddnh cho ngudi khuylt t | t
thi sao? "Ngudi khuylt tgt d Vigt Nam
gdp r i t nhilu khd khdn trong vigc di iai,
din trudng, din ede edng sd de lam
vigc, hodc tdi nhii'ng noi gidi trf... bdi
thilt k l eiia ede cdng trinh xly dung
hiu nhu khdng dlnh cho hp. Vi vgy, ho
khdng dypc gido dye dly du, khdng
cd CO hgi tim vigc idm - vd trd thdnh
gdnh ngng ciia xd hpi". May nam gin
ddy Chinh phii eung da bat dau ehii

<i>^ hon tdi khdng gian ddnh cho ngudi </i>

khuylt tgt, vd dd ed mgt sd cdng frinh

xdy dyng duoc thilt k l d l ngudi khuylt
tgt ed t h i tilp cgn dupc. Nhung dilu

ddng tile id nh&ng nd lyc nhy vgy dd
khdng tilp tyc dupc thye hign, vd hiu
hit edc d|a phuong diu id di nhOng chi
tilt ndy Vigt Nam dang ed mgt nln kmh
t l tdng trudng mgnh, vd ngdy cdng cd
nhilu edc t d nhd cao ting dupe xdy
dyng, nhung khdng ai qua tdm xem
ngudi khuylt tgt d n gl d l cd t h i t i p
cgn nhirng tod nhd mdi dd. Chfnh nhChig
dilu dd cong khiln d i t nudc chju thigt
hai. Bdi trong tuong iai, nhiing ngudi
khuylt tgt sd khdng t h i din trudng,
khdng t h i tham gia vdo cdc hogt dpng
kinh t l , thuong mgi, khdng t h i den cac
trung tam giai tri,,, vd sd trd thdnh gdnh
ndng thyc sy cho xa hdi. Ddy la mpt
vln d l r i t idn ddi vdi Vigt Nam.

<b>V I B A O V E M O I T R U I I I N G </b>

Sy hap din eua cde khdng gian cdng
cgng gdn lien vdt mdi trudng vd y thiic
giu gin mdi fudng eua ngudi sir dung.
Ylu td bin vOng cua mdi tirdng se gdp
phln gia tdng gid f i cua cdc cdng trinh
cdng edng, tao ndn hop lyc phdt friln cdc
cdng ddng dd tiii ngdy cdng vdn minh.
Tuy nhien, su hdi hda giua khdng gian
cdng cdng vdi mdi trudng ty nhign can
cd su can ttilgp cda cdc ngdnh chuyen

mon, tuc id phdi cd diu tu chit xdm vdo
ITnh vyc ndy. Vigc tdu thy cdc ngudn tdi
nguyin mdi trudng vd nhOng van d l tdi
smh cde ngudn tdi nguyin d l dam bao
sy tllp t,]c phdt friln cua edc khu dd thi
vin ehua dupc quan tdm diing mire.

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