Ngân hàng Việt Nam năm 2009 giữ thăng bằng giữa các sức ép và những bài toán mới

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<b>NCAIN HANG VIET NAM NAM 2009 </b>

<i><b>m </b></i>

<b>ClCTHANG BANG</b>

<b> G I C A</b>

<i><b> CAC S(fC EP VA </b></i>

<b>NHUNG BAI TOAN M 6 | </b>

<i>N</i>

<i>dm 2009 khep lgi vdi dong </i>
<i>cha noi bat: Ndm cua "Kich </i>
<i>cdu ddu tii vd tieu dung" </i>
<i>chung tren pham vi qudc gia vd the </i>
<i>gidi. Chinh phu nhieu niidc dd thiic </i>

<i>hien cdc goi gidi phdp de ngdn chgn </i>
<i>suy thodi kinh te vdi tdng tri gid tren </i>
<i>10.000 ty USD, chiem gdn 20% GDP </i>
<i>todn cdu ndm 2008; chi vdi rieng </i>
<i>niidc My dd cd tren 200 ngdn hdng </i>
<i>Idn nho bi phd sdn... Trong boi cdnh </i>
<i>dd, Viet Nam dd chu dgng viidt qua </i>
<i>khd khdn, sdm ngdn chgn diidc dd </i>
<i>suy gidm, tiing biidc bdo ddm on dinh </i>
<i>vd tgo moi triidng thudn ldi cho phdt </i>
<i>trien kinh te - xd hoi. Ddng thdi, ddy </i>
<i>cung la ndm cd nhieu vat vd vd dong </i>
<i>gdp vdo thdnh cdng chung cua ngdnh </i>

<i>ngdn hdng Viet Nam. </i>

<b>I. Linh hoat c h i n h s a c h gidf </b>

<b>t h a n g bang giufa c a c sdfc ep ngifg^c </b>

<b>chieu nhau. </b>

Td he qua cua khung hoang tai
chinh va suy thoai kinh te toan cdu,
cdng nhu td nhdng va'n de noi tai dac
thu cua da't nUde, nen cd le chUa bao
gid nhu ndm 2009, cac ngan hang Viet
Nam phai cung luc chiu diing nhieu
sdc ep va cae bai toan "nghiem kep"
hoc bua, ma trong dd ldi giai chd mot
loat van de nhieu khi do'i choi, tham

<b>Hoang Ngoc Anh CUcfng </b>

<i>Ngdn hdng Nhd niCdc </i>

<b>TS. N g u y i n Minh Phong </b>

<i>Vien Nghien cdu Phdt tnen KT-XH Ha Not </i>

chi triet tieu tac dung eua nhau gay
gat ea ve tinh chat, each thdc va xu
hu6ng, cdng nhU mdc do tac dong cda
chung, dd la:

<i>1- Triidc het, mot mat, vda phai gia </i>
tang cho vay tin dung kich cdu dau tU
va tieu dung, chdng lai nguy cd suy

giam kinh te trong khuon kho goi
ehinh sach khan cap chung eua Chinh
phu; mat khac, vda phai de phong
nguy ed tai lam phat cao, gia tang nd
khe dong, khd doi, de dan den vd nd
va ma't an toan he tho'ng, trong khi cd
hoi va bieu qua dau tu xa hoi ndi
ehung giam;

<i>2- Hdn niia, vda phai tang eUdng </i>
dap dng nhu cau ve ngoai hoi noi
rieng va nguon vd^n cho doanh nghiep
noi ehung trong bo'i canh suy giam
nguon tien huy dong va nguon thu
ngan sach trong nUdc, nguon thu tai
chinh td nUdc ngoai, nha't la thu td
xua't khau, FDI; dong thdi, vda phai
chiu ap liic gid vdng ngudn dii trd
ngoai bo'i va nhdng gidi ban kho vUdt
qua ve mdc tdng lai sua't, cdng nbu
ban mde tin dung trong nUdc;

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le, bat lUdng cda bo'i canh trong nUdc
va qudc te. nha't la phai chiu ap liic
cao ve tang dieu ehinh linh boat ty gia
va lai suat; trong khi vda phai tang
yeu eau ho trd va giam sat vi md
nghiem ngat td phia nha nU6e. dam
bao dn dinh boa moi trifdng dau tU
-kmh doanh va sii can bang gida cae

ldi ich va muc tieu chinh sach;

<i>4- Trong khi do, boat dong chi dao, </i>
dieu hanh cda Ngan hang Nha nUde
(NHNN) vda phai bao dam cac yeu
cau hoat dong chuyen mdn dac thu
cda nganh, trong dd ed boat dong kinh
doanh cda cac ngan hang thUOng mai,
dap dng cae doi hdi ngay cang cao va
da dang cda doanh nghiep va xa hoi
trUde bo'i canh canh tranh thi trUdng
ngay cang khdc liet; lai vda phai tuan
thd nhung mue tieu va cd che van
hanh chung. vi mo cda Chinh phu...
Su phu thuoc triic tiep va chat che
nay, dd it hay nhieu. triic tiep va gian
tiep. sdm hoac muon. cung khong eho
phep NHNN dieu hanh bai ban mot
each "ky tri" va ca cae ngan hang
thUdng mai tii do hoat dong kinh
doanh tuy y theo cac tin hieu thi
trUdng. Noi each khac. ve khach quan
da. dang va se con cd nhdng sdc ep,
nhiem vu, bai toan va cae van de ky
thuat dat ra (ca cd hay m6i phat sinh)
va ton tai nhdng thdi diem ma NHNN
kho hoac tham chi khong the chu
dong va linh boat giai quyet kip thdi
va tii dong "theo ddn thuoc ed san" ve
nghiep vu nhu thong le the gidi hoac

kmh nghiem va kha nang cho phep, vi
ldi ich hoac vi mue tieu tien te thuan
tuy rieng cda nganh ngan hang. Day
la mpt trong nhdng "vdng kim cd"
bam smh dac trUng. td do tao tinh
trang "cai kho bo cai khdn", va ca
nhdng dong thai "di thudng" nha't
dinh ve dieu hanh chinh sach, cdng
nhu ve thuc te boat dong cua khu viic
ngan hang Viet Nam.

De hoa giai nhdng sdc ep da dang,
nhieu chieu neu tren, ddi hdi nhdng
nang liic va pham chat rat cao, sii
doan ke't, dong tam hiep liic, sii kien
dinh va ndng dong, thong minh, diing
cam va ca cau thi cua tap the, cung
nhu cua tdng t h a n h vien chu the
trong cong ddng ngan hang Viet Nam.

Trong bdi canh dd, linh boat hoa
cae ehinh sach va chu dong dieu hanh
cac cdng cu tien te bam sat cac muc
tieu chu yeu dUdc liia ebon theo chi
dao eua chinh phu va ngay cang phu
-hdp vdi cac tin hieu thi trUdng, nham
tich ciic phuc vu chu trUdng kich cau,
ngan chan suy giam kinh te, bad dam
an sinh xa hoi va quan ly lam phat,
an toan nd va dn dinh chung tren thi

trUdng tien te da trd thanh phUdng
cham hanh xU chu dao va cung la
nguyen nhan cda cac thanh cong cd
ban trong hoat dong cua nganh ngan
hang Viet Nam nam 2009, vdi nhdng
diem nhan noi bat sau;

<i>Tha nhdt, tiep tue xay diing va hoan </i>
thien the che phap luat ve ngan hang
phd hdp vdi dinh hUdng, chien lUde
phat trien eua nganh va Id trinh thiic
hien cac cam ket quo^c te trong linh viic
tien te ngan hang, nha't la Luat Ngan
hang Nha nUdc, Luat Cac to chdc tin
dung, Luat Bao hiem tien gdi va Luat
Giam sat an toan boat dong ngan hang,
cung nhu cac quy dinh ve ngoai hdi, ve
bao dam an toan, ve cd ca'u td chdc va
boat dong cda cac to chdc tin dung; tiep
tuc doi m6i, nang cao hieu liic, hieu qua
boat dong thanh tra, giam sat ngan
hang, di ddi vdi viec cung cd' bo may to
chdc, tang cUdng dao tao doi ngu can bo
ngan hang.

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c h u y e n dich cd ca'u t i n d u n g theo
h u d n g n g a y c a n g t a p t r u n g vd'n eho
s a n xua't, xua't k h a u , p h a t t r i e n ndng
nghiep, nong t h o n , md r o n g cho vay
dd'i vdi cac d o a n h n g h i e p v d a va nho;

p h a t t r i e n m a n h cong n g h e n g a n h a n g
va b o a t dong t h a n h t o a n k h o n g d u n g
tien m a t , da d a n g h o a va n a n g cao
hdn c h a t lUdng dich vu n g a n h a n g ,
dap d n g td't h d n n h u cau xa hoi, cai
t h i e n d a n g ke cd c a u d o a n h t h u t d eae
dich vu ngoai t i n d u n g , n a n g cao n a n g
liic b o a t ddng, k h a n a n g c a n h t r a n h
va bao d a m t i n h t h a n h k h o a n cda cac
to chdc tin d u n g t r o n g nUdc.

• Ngay s a u k h i cae q u y e t d i n h cua
Chinh p h d dUde b a n h a n h , N H N N da
k h a n trUdng b a n h a n h eae t h o n g tU
h u 6 n g d a n , to chdc phd bien q u a n
t r i e t va ehi dao day m a n h t r i e n k h a i
trong t o a n n g a n h n g a n h a n g cac cd
che ho trd lai sua't cho cac to chdc, ca
n h a n vay von n g a n h a n g de s a n xua't
k i n h d o a n h t h e o Q u y e t dinh so'

131/QD-TTg n g a y 23/1/2009, Quyet
dinh sd 443/QD-TTg n g a y 04/4/2009
cua T h u t u d n g C h i n h p h u . T h a n h lap
To cdng tac xU ly k h o k h a n , vUdng

mac cua cac d o a n h n g h i e p nhd va v d a
trong q u a n be t i n d u n g vdi n g a n h a n g
tai dia b a n T h a n h phd^ Hd Chi M i n h
va H a Noi; duy t r i dUdng day nong

cua N H N N de tiep n h a n , xd ly t h d n g
tin, k h i e u n a i to' cao cua ngUdi d a n va
ddanh n g h i e p lien q u a n den viec thiie
hien cd che hd trd lai sua't. T r o n g cae
thdi diem k h a c n h a u cua n a m 2009,
N H N N da linh b o a t dieu c h i n h giam
va t a n g cac m d c lai sua't c h u dao, lai
sua't tai cap vd'n va lai sua't t a i chiet
kha'u de tao dieu k i e n cho cac to chdc
tin d u n g giam va t a n g lai sua't h u y
dong va cho vay p h u hdp muc tieu
dieu tiet lUdng vd'n h u y dong va cho
vay tin d u n g t h e o h u d n g ndi long mot

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<i>Tha ba, tang cUdng phdi hdp vdi eae </i>
bo, nganh de bao dam nha't quan gida
cac chinh sach kinh te vi mo, nha't la
gida chinh sach tien te va chinh sach
tai khoa; tao them kenh giam sat cua
xa hoi ddi vdi boat dong cua he thd'ng
ngan hang; nang cao hieu qua cdng tac
tho'ng ke, dii bao, phan dng kip thdi
trUdc nhdng dien bien kinh te, tien te
trong nUdc va quo'c te; tang cUdng hdp
tac quoc te, nang vai trd, vi the cda
Viet Nam trong eong dong tai chinh,
tien te quo'c te. Dong thdi, day manh
cong tae thdng tin, tuyen truyen ve
chinh sach va boat ddng ngan hang,
nham giam thieu va ngan ngda cae tin

don va tao sii dong thuan cua xa hoi
doi v6i boat dong tien te, ngan hang.
Thiic te cho tha'y, chi bang mot tuyen
bo kip thdi, ngan gon va ro rang cua
Thd'ng ddc NHNN ngay 11/9/2009 ve
viec NHNN se ca'p phep eho nhap
khau vang theo nhu cau thi trUdng
cdng CO sdc manh tdc thi "cat sd^t", lam
dao chieu gia vang tren toan quo^c.

Qua xem xet tong the cac dong thai
chinh sach va dien bien tien te nU6c
ta trong thdi gian qua, co the tha'y,
nam 2009, Viet Nam da thiie hien
dUdc muc tieu tong quat de ra la ngan
chan suy giam kinh te, gid dUdc dn
dinh kinh te vi md, cac can dd'i tai
chinh - tien te cd ban dUdc bao dam,
von dau tu toan xa hoi dat cao, t6i
42,6% GDP. Viet Nam da'vUdt qua
kha td't thdi ky lam phat cad, vdi mdc
lam phat ea ndm dUdc kiem che dudi
7"'o, trong do nhieu mat hang dang co
sii giam gia dang ke; du nd tin dung
va tong phUdng tien t h a n h toan tang
trong pham vi cho phep, nd xa'u tha'p
va tien mat trong thiic te ngay cang
giam (theo sd lieu cua NHNN, tinh
den thdi diem cuo'i nam 2009, ty le nd
xau toan he thdng khoang 2,46%,

trong do ty le nd xau cua

Vietcombank la 3% so vdi thdi diem
dau nam la gan 4%, cua Eximbank la
tren 2% so vdi mdc 4,71%) cuo'i nam
2008 va 6% thdi diem dau nam 2009.
Cac ngan hang khac nhU ACB,
Sacombank cd ty le nd xa'u dudi 1%.
Cdn ty le tien mat trong tdng phUdng
tien t h a n h toan cua ca nUde giam lien
tue, td mdc 23,7% nam 2001, nam
2002 la 22,56%, nam 2003 la 22,03%,
nam 2004 la 20,35%, nam 2005 la
19,01%, nam 2006 la 17,21%, nam
2007 la 16,36%, nam 2008 la 14,6% va
nam 2009 van duy tri dUde xu hudng
tich ciic nay); dii trd ngoai te dd theo
tieu chuan qud'c te; cdng tac an sinh
xa hoi dUdc chu trqng dung mdc. Viet
Nam la nUdc ddng dau ASEAN ve to'c
do tdng trUdng, dong thdi ndm trong
nhdm tren 10 nUdc cd tang trUdng
dUdng nam 2009.

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tang 25,53%, nam 2002 tang 17,7%,
nam 2004 tang 30,39%, nam 2006
tang 33,59%, nam 2007 tang 46,12%...
Ddi vdi to'c do tang trUdng tin dung
ngan hang so vdi nam trUde, ndm
2001 tang 21,44%, nam 2004 tang

41,65%, nam 2005 tang 32,08%, nam
2006 tang 53,89%, nam 2007 tang
53,89%, nam 2008 tang 25,43% va
nam 2009 udc tang tdng tin dung
ngan hang khdng dudi 33%). Cac cdng
cu chinh sach tien te ngay cang da
dang, ddng bq va dUde NHNN dieu
hanh ngay cang linh boat, phu hdp cd
che va bam sat cae tin hieu thi trUdng
va xu the van ddng chung cua chinh
sach tien te the gidi, bieu hien tap
trung rd net nha't d hdn 50 van ban
quan ly nha nUde mdi ve boat dong
ngan hang - tien te ma NHNN da ban
hanh trong nam 2009 va nhdng ke't
qua thiic te neu tren.

<b>IL NhiJng bai t o a n mdi cho </b>
<b>n a m 2010 </b>

<i>Tg.i Hoi nghi dinh ky cuoi ndm </i>
<i>2009, Chinh phu thd'ng nhd't muc tieu </i>
<i>tdng qudt ndm 2010 - nam cudi cung </i>
<i>thac hien Kehog,ch phdt trien kinh te </i>
<i>-xd hoi 5 ndm (2006-2010) vd Chien </i>
<i>lade phdt trien kinh te'- xd hoi 10 ndm </i>
<i>2001-2010 la: Nd liic phan dau tdng </i>
<i>triidng kinh te dgt mac cao hdn ndm </i>
<i>2009, dgt khodng 6,5%, tdng tinh on </i>
<i>dinh kinh te vl mo; ndng cao chat </i>

<i>ladng tdng tradng; ngdn chgn Igm </i>
<i>phdt cao trd lg,i; tdng khd ndng bdo </i>
<i>ddm an sinh xd hoi; chu dgng hdi </i>
<i>nhdp vd ndng cao hieu qud hdp tdc </i>
<i>kinh te qud'c te; gia vang on dinh </i>
<i>chinh tri vd trat ta an todn xd hdi; bdo </i>
<i>ddm yeu cdu qud'c phong, an ninh; </i>
<i>phan dau dgt mac cao nhat cdc chi </i>

<i>tieu cua Ke hogch phdt trien kinh te </i>
<i>-xd hdi 5 ndm (2006-2010). Chinh phu </i>
<i>cung de ra 9 nhdm gidi phdp chu yeu </i>

<i>ve kinh te - xd hdi ndm 2010, trong dd </i>
<i>chu trgng cdc gidi phdp: Ddy mgnh </i>
<i>cdi thien mdi triidng ddu tii, phdt </i>
<i>trien sdn xudt, kinh doanh, dich vu, </i>
<i>chuyen dich cd cdu, thuc ddy phuc hoi </i>
<i>kinh te, ndng cao chdt ladng tdng </i>
<i>tradng; Ddy mcinh xudt khdu, kiem </i>
<i>sodt cd hieu qud nhdp sieu; Huy dgng </i>
<i>vd sa dung cd hieu qud cdc nguon von </i>
<i>ddu ta phdt trien; Thiic hien chinh </i>
<i>sdch tdi chinh, tien te, tdng cadng sii </i>
<i>dn dinh kinh te vl mo, ngdn ngaa Igm </i>
<i>phdt cao trd lgi; Bdo ddm an sinh xd </i>
<i>hdi vd phuc ldi xd hdi... </i>

<i>Ta thiic te ndm 2009 cho thay, </i>
<i>trong ndm 2010 hogt dgng cua ngdnh </i>

<i>ngdn hdng Viet Nam cdn chd y hdn </i>
<i>den cdc vdn de sau: </i>

<i><b>2.1. Ddm bdo an todn von, kiem </b></i>
<i><b>sodt lam phdt vd thiic ddy tdi ca cau </b></i>

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nha ddu tU tai chinh qud'c te, khu viic
ngan hang d Viet Nam da gia tdng vdi
to'c dp chUa tdng tha'y trong thdi gian
gdn day (vdi tdng so" tien bao hiem
tang tren 20%/nam td nam 2002 de'n
2008). va cdn nhieu linh viic chUa
difdc eae nha dau tU khai thac, nhU
bao hiem nd chuyen nghiep, bao hiem
tin dung xua't khau. bao hiem gia
nang lUdng. cdng tiem nang to 16n de
phat trien vdi dii bao vd'n ngan hang
se tang 22%/nam trong thdi gian
2009-2013.

Qua trinh tai cau true nen kinh te,
cung nhu cac ngan hang cua Viet
Nam trong thdi gian tdi can bao dam
thuc day sii phat trien dUa tren nang
suat, chat lUdng va hieu qua, hinh
thanh cd cau hai tang, vdi tang tren la
cac doanh nghiep va td hdp doanh
nghiep Idn, hien dai, da sd hdu, boat
dpng xuyen quo'c gia va tang dUdi la
mang ludi cac doanh nghiep nho va

vda lien ket chat che vdi nhau va vdi
tang tren; kinh doanh da nganh, da
dang hoa san pham. dong thdi hinh
thanh cac san pham chu liic, quy mo
Idn, CO hieu qua tren cd sd phat huy
ldi the se sanh chung cua da't nUdc,
eda nganh va ddn vi minh theo
nguyen tae thi trifdng, tham gia sau
vao chuoi gia tri toan eau, dap dng ea
thi trUdng trong nUdc va nUdc ngoai.

De dap dng nhdng nhiem vu tren,
can thiic hien td't chi dao eda Thd'ng
doe NHNN trong cdng van so'
9104/NHNN-CSTT ngay 20/11/2009
ve on dinh va tang nguon vd'n huy
dpng, nha't la vo'n huy dpng bang
VND; dam bao an toan, hieu qua kinh
doanh eua to chdc tin dung va cae quy
dinh cda phap luat ve eho vay, dam
bao ty le an toan kinh doanh, quan ly
ngoai hoi. thiic hien cam ke't gida cac
thanh vien cua Hiep hpi Ngan hang
Viet Nam ve lai suat huy dpng de

dam bao dn dinh thi trUdng tien te;
<b>kiem soat chat che tang trUdng tin </b>
<b>dung va chuyen dich manh cd ca'u tin </b>
dung theo nganh, linh viic, dia ban
t h a n h thi va ndng thdn, ky ban va

khach hang vay, dap dng vd'n cho cac
nhu cdu vay de san xua't kinh doanh
cd hieu qua, trong dd tap trung eae
ngudn vd'n cho vay san xua't ndng
-lam nghiep, thdy san, diem nghiep,
thu mua ndng san, che bien va xua't
khau, can bang hdn gida cho vay dau
tu xua't khau vdi cho vay phat trien thi
trUdng trong nUdc; ban che cho vay cae
nhu cau vd'n thupc cac linh vvfc phi san
xua't; ddng thdi, thiic hien ed ca'u lai
thdi ban tra nd, xd ly lai sua't tien vay
va tiep tuc cho vay mdi dd'i vdi cac
doanh nghiep, hp san xua't hi thiet hai
do thien tai, bao lut,... de khach hang
vay cd dieu kien san xua't, kinh doanh
phu hdp vdi quy dinh cua phap luat ve
eho vay vd'n eua cae to chdc tin dung.
Ngoai ra, cdn tiep tuc hoan thien va
tang cUdng viec kiem tra, giam
sat, thanh tra thiic hien cac quy dinh
ve cho vay va kip thdi xU ly cac van de
phat sinh ve boat dpng tin dung.

<i><b>2.2. Dieu hdnh ty gid linh hoqt hcfn </b></i>

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l a u ty gia c h i n h t h d c va keo dai ehinh
sach tin d u n g ndi long nhU n e u t r e n ,
ma con bdi h a i n g u y e n n h a n k h a c la;
do viec giam gia ca cac h a n g hoa va

dich vu c h u n g p h d bien t r e n cac t h i
trUdng t r o n g nUdc va qud'c te, cung
n h u do xu h u d n g g i a m gia cac ddng
ngoai te c h u yeu (ma ty gia VND gan
ke't) n h u la h e q u a triic tiep cua chinh
sach tien te ndi long t r o n g lieu p h a p ca
goi ehd'ng suy giam k i n h te d eae nu6e
p h a t trien. M a t k h a c , viec dieu chinh
t a n g m a n h ty gia V N D , c h a n g b a n so
vdi USD, tdc p h a gia m a n h ddng b a n
te, lai cd t h e t a o n g u y ed b u n g nd tai
lam p h a t va t h a m chi eo t h e xua't hien
tinh t r a n g suy t h o a i - l a m p h a t gay
md^i nguy h i e m kep, tdc v d a c6 lam
p h a t cao, v d a cd sii d i n h tre, t h a m ehi
suy giam m a n h quy md va toe dp t a n g
trUdng n e n k i n h te, b e t sdc tieu ciic
cho sii dn dinh he thd'ng tai ehinh
-tien te va ca t h e che quo^c gia.

Vi vay, c h i n h sach ty gia trong thdi
gian tdi can linh b o a t hdn de eo^ gdng
t h u hep c h e n h lech ty gia ehinh thdc
va ty gia t r e n thi trUdng tii do, t d do
gdp p h a n can b a n g cung-cau va giam
bdt cac b o a t dpng gam gid va dau ed
ngoai te t r o n g n e n k i n h te. Linh boat
ty gia, h a y thiie hien che dp ty gia linh
boat CO sii q u a n ly vi mo cua n h a nUde,
ngay cang trd t h a n h phUdng cham

h a n h xd phd bien t r o n g ehinh sach ty
gia cua hdn 3/4 so' nUde t r e n the gi6i
hien nay. Vi vay, k h o n g co ly gi ma
Viet N a m n a m ngoai xu h u d n g c h u n g
nay eua t h e gidi t r o n g q u a t r i n h hpi
n h a p k i n h te quo'c te. Tuy nhien, sii
linh b o a t can dUde "Viet N a m hoa" ca
ve nghia den, Idn n g h i a bong, rpng va
hep, trUde m a t va lau dai eda khai
niem k h a "md va md" nay...

Can luu y r a n g , linh b o a t ty gia
khong he m a u t h u a n vdi yeu cdu ve
t i n h m i n h bach va cd t h e dU bao dUde

eua c h i n h sach ty gia. Ndi each khac.
xu h u d n g ty gia can b a m s a t cac dpng
t h a i va tUdng q u a n tien te va t h i
trUdng t r o n g nUdc va qudc te, t r a n h
t h i trUdng c h a y theo mpt hu6ng, con
ehinh sach ty gia lai theo mpt neo,
l a m ma't t i n h dn d i n h k h a c h q u a n cua
ehinh sach ty gia, l a m giam hieu qua
va ca uy t i n c h i n h p h d t r o n g dieu
h a n h ty gia, gay t h e m nbUng rui ro
chinh sach cho cac d o a n h nghiep,
dong thdi l a m xa'u moi trUdng va sdc
c a n h t r a n h eua n e n k i n h te.

<i>2.3. Ngdn chain nhiing cdn sot </i>

<i>vd tinh trqng ldng doqn tren thi </i>
<i>tmdng tdi chinh • tien te </i>

N a m 2009 da c h d n g kien sii b d n g
p h a t cac cdn sdt gia va cac dpng thai
t h a n g t r a m k h a c n h a u du loai t r e n
n h i e u t h i trUdng ve n h a da't, c h d n g
k h o a n , v a n g , U S D va mpt s o ' b a n g boa
t h i e t yeu k h a c t r o n g nUde, vdi nguyen
n h a n chu yeu e h u n g la sii cpng hudng
cae tac dpng tieu ciic eua n h d n g ke hd
t r o n g ed che q u a n ly thi trUdng, cong
tae t h d n g tin, yeu to' t a m ly va ea
nhUng tin don... Can n h a n m a n h
r a n g , t r o n g bd^i c a n h n h a y cam cda
n a m 2010, viee n g a n c h a n cac tin don
lien q u a n den thi trUdng tai ehinh
-tien te d Viet N a m se cd y nghia dac
biet q u a n t r p n g hdn n a m 2009.

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"chay chinh sach" vi ldi ich nganh dpc
quyen, ba't cha'p ldi ich va uy tin qudc
gia. Dac biet, can dam bao cae bien
dpng chinh sach phai minh bach va cd
the dii bao dUde trong xu hudng dn
dinh, nha't quan, phd hdp cae nguyen
tac kinh te thi trUdng va yeu cau cam
ket hpi nhap, cac thdng le the gidi,
cdng nhu cac tin hieu thi trUdng
khach quan. Ddng thdi, the che boa

cae phat ngon va cung ca'p thdng tin
chinh thdc c6 cha't lUdng va trach
nhiem phap ly cao dinh ky va khong
dinh ky cua cac ed quan va dai dien
nha nUdc, cac td chdc kinh doanh cd
lien quan (nha't la cac linh viic ed dp
doe quyen kinh doanh cao), cung nhU
cda cac cd quan truyen thdng va cac
phUdng tien thong tin dai chung. Ben
canh do, can chu dpng phat hien va
trdng phat kip thdi, nghiem khac cae
ca nhan va to chdc tung tin ddn that
thiet hoac dUa tin kieu "gay sd^c"
nham muc tieu pha hoai chinh sach,
ddu cd va canh tranh khong lanh
manh. Ngoai ra, can phat trien va
nang cao chat lUdng cong tae tho'ng
ke, nghien edu phan tich va dii bao
kinh te - thi trUdng, eae boat dpng dii
bao, danh gia tin nhiem, giam sat va
phan bien xa hpi; ddng thdi, tdng
cUdng nang liic va hieu liic phdng
chong tham nhiing, nang cao dan tri
va van hoa quan ly ve kinh te thi
trUdng va nha nUdc phap quyen, tang
kha nang tii nhan thdc va canh giac,
tranh hanh dpng kieu "bay dan", vo
tinh hoac cd' y tiep tay va trd thanh
nan nhan cua dau cd va tin ddn.

<i>2.4. Tdng ciidng si/ phoi hdp </i>
<i>dong bo cdc gidi phdp vd hoqt </i>
<i>dgng qudn ly </i>

Trong thdi gian tdi, NHNN can
pbd'i hdp vdi Bp Cdng nghiep va
ThUdng mai va cac bp, nganh lien

quan thiic hien td't viec cham ddt hd
trd lai sua't ngdn ban theo Quyet dinh
sd 131/QD-TTg va tiep tuc ho trd lai
sua't vay t r u n g ban, dai ban tai cac
Quyet dinh sd 443/QD-TTg va
497/QD-TTg theo hudng thu hep ddi
tUdng va giam mdc hd trd lai sua't vay
cho phd hdp va hieu qua; ngan chan
va xU ly tieu ciic trong thiic hien
ehinh sach hd trd cua nha nUdc (nam
2009, Thanh tra NHNN phat hien
gan 4.000 trUdng hdp vi pham cho vay
kich cdu vdi tdng cpng 5.916 ty ddng).
Ddng thdi, tap trung cai each thu tuc
hanh chinh, tang cUdng phan cap,
phan dinh rd chdc nang, nhiem vu,
quyen ban va trach nhiem, gan v6i
cong tac kiem tra giam sat, cai thien
moi trUdng kinh doanh, tao mpi dieu
kien thuan ldi cho doanh nghiep va
ngUdi dan dau tU, phat trien san xua't
kinh doanh, nang cao chat lUdng va

kha ndng canh tranh, thdc day manh
me xua't khau va nang cad hieu qua
eua hpi nhap kinh te qud'c te; sU dung
CO hieu qua va dung muc dich dii trd
ngoai hdi nha nUde; chu dpng tich ciic,
linh boat de dn dinh gia tri ddng tien
VND, dn dinh thi trUdng vang trong
nu6c thich dng vdi bien dpng eua thi
trUdng vang the gidi; kiem soat chat
che nd qua ban, nha't la nd xa'u, dam
bao an toan he thd'ng tai chinh, tien te.

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sdm rui ro va xU ly mpt each hieu qua
nhdng va'n de mdi phat sinh, nha't la
cac rui ro cheo, tranh cac dd vd day
chuyen va ba't ngd..., bao dam tinh
ddng bp, nha't quan va hieu qua cua
he thd^ng cd che, chinh sach, dac biet
la sii nha't quan gida chinh sach tai
khda va chinh sach tien te qud'c gia.

Dac biet, can tdng budc hien dai
hda cd ca'u td chdc, bo may, nang cao
ndng liic, quyen tii chii va trach
nhiem eua NHNN thiic hien chdc
nang Ngan hang Trung Udng va chdc
nang quan ly nha nUdc trong viec chu
dpng va linh hoat dieu hanh chinh
sach tien te, thanh tra giam sat an
toan boat dpng ngan hang, bao dam

sii van hanh an toan, thdng sud^t cua
be thoang ngan hang; phat trien
nghiep vu thi trUdng md; gdn ke't chat
che viec dieu hanh ty gia hdi doai vdi
dieu hanh lai sua't va eae cong cu tai
chinh - tien te triic tiep va gian tiep
khac; nang cao nang liic theo ddi, dii
bao, quan ly va can thiep thi trUdng
cua NHNN, cung nhu cha't lUdng va
bieu qua cua cdng tac phdng ehd'ng
rUa tien, phdng chdng tham nhung,
giai quyet khieu nai, to' cao trong linh
viic ngan hang; tiep tuc md cda thi
trUdng dieh vu tai chinh - ngan hang
phd hdp vdi cam ke't qud'c te; tao dieu
kien thuan ldi chd cac td chdc tin
dung trdng nUdc vUdn ra boat dpng d

thi trUdng nUdc ngoai; thiic bien tien
dp va yeu cau cua tien trinh cd phan
boa cac ngan hang thUdng mai nha
nu6c theo ke hoach da dUdc Thu
tudng Chinh phu phe duyet; tham gia
cae dieu Udc qud'c te, cac dien dan khu
viic va the gidi ve tien te, ngan hang;
thiie hien to't vai trd dai dien cua
Chinh phu Viet Nam tai cac td chdc
tai chinh tien te qud'c te, duy tri va
phat trien quan he hdp tac da phUdng
va song phUdng trong linh viic tien te,

ngan hang nham tan dung ngudn vo^n,
cdng nghe va ky nang quan ly tien
tien eua nUde ngoai...

N h d n g kinh nghiem va t h a n h
qua tich c i i c t r o n g thdi gian qua la
dang t r a n trpng, se tiep them sdc
m a n h mdi de n g a n h ngan hang Viet
Nam vdng vang, chu dpng va linh
boat vUdt qua eae sdc ep va nhiing
bai toan da dang tren con dUdng
Ddi mdi, P h a t trien va Hpi nhap •
<i>Tdi lieu tham khao: </i>

1. Bao cao Tho'ng ke hang thang nam 2009 va
cac nam 2000-2009 ctia Tong cue Thong ke
2. Bao cao hang nam ctia Ngan hang Nha

nifdc Viet Nam tren web NHNN

3. "Ly thuyet lam phat, giam phat va thtic
tiin Viet Nam", TS,Nguyin Minh Phong
(Chu bien). NXB Chinh tri Quoc gia - Ha
Noi nam 2000.

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