Tự học Tiếng Anh 8

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<b>UNIT 7. POLLUTION</b>
<b>I/ Vocabs:</b>

1. affect (v) /əˈfekt/: làm ảnh hưởng 2. algea (n) /ˈældʒiː/: tảo

3. aquatic (adj) /əˈkwætɪk/: dưới nước 4. billboard (n) /ˈbɪlbɔːd/: biển quảng cáo ngoài trời
5. blood pressure (n) /blʌd ˈpreʃə/: huyết áp 6. cause (n,v) /kɔːz/: nguyên nhân, gây ra

7. cholera (n) /ˈkɒlərə/: bệnh tả 8. come up with (v) /kʌm ʌp wɪð/: nghĩ ra

9. contaminate (v) /kənˈtæmɪneɪt/: làm bẩn 10. contaminant (n) /kənˈtæmɪnənt/: chất gây bẩn
11. dump (v) /dʌmp/: vứt, bỏ 12. earplug (n) /ˈɪəplʌɡ/: cái nút tai

13. effect (n) /ɪˈfekt/: kết quả 14. fine (v) /faɪn/: phạt tiền

15. float (v) /f əʊt/: nổi 16. groundwater (n) /ˈɡraʊndwɔːtə/: nước ngầm
17. hearing loss (n) /ˈhɪərɪŋ lɒs/: mất thính lực 18. illustrate (v) /ˈɪləstreɪt/: minh họa

19. litter (n, v) /ˈlɪtə/: rác vụn (mẩu giấy, vỏ lon…), vứt rác
20. measure (v) /ˈmeʒə/: đo

21. non-point source pollution (n) /nɒn-pɔɪnt sɔːs pəˈluːʃn/: ô nhiễm không nguồn (nguồn phân tán)
22. permanent (adj) /ˈpɜːmənənt/: vĩnh viễn

23. point source pollution (n) /pɔɪnt sɔːs pəˈluːʃn/: ơ nhiễm có nguồn

24. poison (n, v) /ˈpɔɪzn/: chất độc, làm nhiễm độc 25. pollutant (n) /pəˈluːtənt/: chất gây ơ nhiễm
26. radioactive (adj) /ˌreɪdiəʊˈỉktɪv/: thuộc về phóng xạ

27. radiation (n) /ˌreɪdiˈeɪʃn/: phóng xạ 28. thermal (adj) /ˈθɜːml/: thuộc về nhiệt
29. untreated (adj) /ˌʌnˈtriːtɪd/: không được xử lý 30. visual (adj) /ˈvɪʒuəl/: thuộc về thị giác

<b>II/ Grammar</b>

<b>1. Conditional sentences type 1. (Câu điều kiện loại 1)</b>

<b>a. Form</b>

IF CLAUSE (Mệnh đề If)

MAIN CLAUSE (Mệnh đề chính)

Simple Present (Thì hiện tại đơn)

If + S + V (s/es)

+ be (am/is/are

+ don’t/doesn’t +V(inf)

Simple Future (Thì tương lai đơn)

S + will/ won’t + V (bare infinitive)

Ex: If I have enough money, I will buy a big house.

<b>b. Usage</b>

- Câu điều kiện loại 1 diễn tả điều kiện có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai.

Ex: If you learn hard, you will pass the exam.

- Trong câu điều kiện loại 1, thì hiện tại đơn dùng trong mệnh đề If, cịn thì tương lai đơn được

dùng trong mệnh đề chính.

*Chú ý: Thì hiện tại đơn có thể được dùng trong mệnh đề chính để diễn tả một điều kiện luôn

đúng

<b>2. Conditional sentences type 2. (Câu điều kiện loại 2)</b>

<b>a. Form.</b>

IF CLAUSE (Mệnh đề If)

MAIN CLAUSE (Mệnh đề chính)

If +S + V-ed/2

+ didn’t + V(inf)…

If + S + be (were/weren’t)…

S + would/ could/might + V(infinitive)

S + wouldn’t/ couldn’t +V (infinitive)

Ex :If I became rich, I would spend all my time travelling.

<b>b. Usage</b>

- Câu điều kiện loại 2 là câu điều kiện khơng có thật thường dùng để nói lên sự tưởng tượng

của người nói. (Điều kiện khơng thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai).

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Chú ý Trong mệnh đề khơng có thật ở hiện tại, chúng ta có thể dùng were thay cho was trong

tất cả các ngôi trong mệnh đề If.

Eg. If I were you, I would study English hard.

<b>3/ </b>

<b>Phrases of cause and effect</b>

1/ CAUSE (Nguyên nhân)

a/ since/ because + clause, + clause

b. due to/ because of + Sth, clause

2/ EFFECT (Hậu quả)

a. Clause + , so + clause

b. to cause sth / to lead to st / to result in sth

(gây ra/ dẫn đến/ đưa đến kết quả của 1 cái gì đó)

c. to make sb / sth do sth

<b>III/ Exercises:</b>

<b>I. Give the correct form of the verbs in the brackets: </b>

1. Mai (have) …………..… a test at this time tomorrow.
2. My bike (repair) ………. by my father yesterday.
3. They (live)………. In Hoa Binh for more than 20 years ?

4. He (not use to)….. walk to school. Now he likes walk) ... because it’s good for your health.
5. If I have free time, I (visit………..) my grandparents

6. Look! Those boys ( swim) …....………. in that river.

7. Lan used to (get) ... up late, but now she (get) ... up much earlier.
8. People ( make) ... a lot of accidents so far.

9. Her mother always tells her that she has to (be) ……….. home before 9 p.m.
10. When I came, the whole family (have)……… dinner around the table.
11.We all adored (do)__________aerobics when we were young.

12. If you are kind to me, I (be) _______________ good to you.

13.If he (give) _______________ up smoking, as his doctor orders, he will be soon well again.
14. You (not pass) _______________ your driving test unless you drive more carefully.

15. He’ll be ill if he (not stop) ________________ worrying so much.

16. We’ll go to the beach tomorrow if it ( be) ________________ nice.
17.If I were you, I (look) ________________ for a new place to live.

18. If Lan wasn’t ill, she ( join) ________________ out tree planting activity.

19.If there were fewer cars on the road, there (be) ________________ less pollution.

20.If people really cared about the environment, they ( not dump ) ____________ waste into the lake.
21.If there was no fresh water in the world, what (happen) ________________.

22.If you (be) ________________ the president, what would you do to help the environment ?
23.They get sick so often.If they exercised more, they (be) ________________ heathier.
24.If I (have) ________________ one million US dollars , I would build more parks in our city.

25.Quan’s mother is unhappy.If Quan tided his room every day, his mother (not be) ______so upset.
26.There isn’t a garden at house .If there were, we (grow) ________________ vegetables.

27What you (do)………..if she refuses your invitation?

28.If today (be) ……….Sunday, we (go) ………..to the beach.

29.Unless they (pass) ………their examinations, they would join the army.
30.You (be) ……….ill if you drink that water.

<b>II/Complete the sentences, using the correct form of the words in brackets.</b>

1.People believe that the water has brought cancer to the local
residents. <b>(pollute)</b>

2.Light pollution make us to see the stars in the sky. <b>(able)</b>

3.Noise is considered as pollution. <b>(environment)</b>

4.

habitats have been destroyed in recent years. <b>(nature)</b>

5.A number of cleaning products contain chemicals. <b>(harm)</b>

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bacteria<b>.(contaminate)</b>

7.An of agrochemicals is pesticides. <b>(illustrate)</b>

8.Contaminants are usually to aquatic plants. <b>(poison)</b>

9. Every year we celebrate our …... <b>(depend)</b>

10. There’s no …...service in the United Kingdom. <b>(nation)</b>

11. He gets very angry if you …...with his ideas. <b>(agree)</b>

12. She smiles so …..., doesn’t she? <b>(attract)</b>

13. The Internet has ……… developed in every field. <b>(increase)</b>

14. I quarreled with my ……… ,and he dismissed me. <b>(employ)</b>

15. The teacher asked each student to write a ………....… of his hometown. <b>(describe)</b>

<b>III/ Find and correct the mítakes</b>

1. Many people prefer taking part in sports than watching them.
2. My father has less days off than Tim’s father.

3. Three days ago, The Browns go for a picnic in the country.
4. You look tired. You’d better stay inside on recess.

5. We have English classes in Monday, Wednesday and Friday.
6. Da Nang is one of the biggest city in Viet Nam.

7. Nga is a keen student and she studies very hardly before tests.
8. Tuan is the more intelligent student in our class.

9.My father always has a lot of houseworks to do.

10. My brother doesn't like durians, and I don't like them, too.

<b>IV/ Find the word which has different stress pattern from the others.</b>

1. A. artistic

B. historic

C. dramatic

D. scientific

2. A. medical

B. national

C. chemical

D. historical

3. A. athletic

B. dramatic

C. scientific

D. heroic

4. A. medical

B. hospital

C. politic

D. electric

5. A. chemical

B. physical

C. environmental

D. medical

<b>V- Rewrite each sentence, beginning as shown</b>

1- I don’t have an umbrella with me so I get wet.

If I……….

2- I’ll call the police if you don’t leave me alone.

Unless……….
3- You drink too much coffee, that’s why you can’t sleep.

If you………
4- If you didn’t tell me about Sue’s hair, I wouldn’t notice her.

Unless………..
5- If you see Peter, tell him he should be here at 8 00.

Should………..
6.Unless the weather is fine, we’ll stay at home.

-> If . . . . ………
7.Don’t take this job if you don’t really want it.

-> Unless ... . ………
8.She is too weak, she can’t take any exercise.

=>If………
9.People don’t understand him because he doesn’t speak clearly.

=>If………
10.Why don't you take the bus?

If ………

<b>VI/. Combine the sentences in each pair into a new sentence that shows a cause/ effect </b>

<b>relationship. Use cause and effect signal word or phrase given in brackets.</b>

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(because)

2.

The global population has increased. There are much better levels of nutrition. (because of)

3.

Nuclear explosions and detonations of nuclear weapons cause radioactive pollution. (lead to)

4.

More and more roads are being built. Air pollution is rising. (as a consequence)

5.

In the last ten years, many BC valleys have been clearcut. 142 species of salmon have become
extinct. (so)

6.

The fish and other aquatic animals have died. The water is polluted. (due to)

<b>UNIT 8. ENGLISH SPEAKING COUNTRIES</b>
1. Aborigines (n) /ˌæbəˈrɪdʒəniz/ thổ dân châu Úc

2. absolutely (adv) /ˈæbsəluːtli / tuyệt đối, chắc chắn

3. accent (n) /ˈæksent/ giọng điệu4. awesome (adj) /ˈɔːsəm/ tuyệt vời

5. cattle station (n) / ˈkætl ˈsteɪʃn/ trại gia súc 6. ghost (n) /ɡəʊst/ ma

7. haunt (v) /hɔːnt/ ám ảnh, ma ám 8. icon (n) /ˈaɪkɒn/ biểu tượng
9. kangaroo (n) /ˌkæŋɡəˈruː/ chuột túi 10. koala (n) /kəʊˈɑːlə/ gấu túi
11. kilt (n) /kɪlt/ váy ca-rô của đàn ông Scotland 12. legend (n) /ˈledʒənd/ huyền thoại

13. loch (n) /lɒk/ hồ (phương ngữ ở Scotland) 14. official (adj) /əˈfɪʃl/ chính thống/ chính thức
15. parade (n) /pəˈreɪd/ cuộc diễu hành 16. puzzle (n) /ˈpʌzl/ trò chơi đố

17. schedule (n) /ˈʃedjuːl/ lịch trình, thời gian biểu
18. Scots/ Scottish (n) /skɒts/ ˈskɒtɪʃ/ người Scotland
19. state (n) /steɪt/ bang

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