Tài liệu MODALS meaning and uses.doc

Unit 10 – ENDANGERED SPECIES Language focus
MODAL AUXILIARIES (ĐỘNG TỪ KHIẾM KHUYẾT)
I. FORM:
* Câu phủ đònh dùng MODALS
Trong câu phủ đònh, thêm not vào sau MODALS, trước động từ chính:
EX 1: John will leave now. → John __________________now.
EX 2: He can swim → He ____________________.
Chú ý khi viết tắt: will not → won’t; must not → musn’t; would not → wouldn’t; could not →
couldn’t; cannot → can’t.
* Câu nghi vấn dùng MODALS TRƯỚC CHỦ TỪ:
EX: John will leave now. → _________________ now?
II.USES :
General
meanings
MODAL VERBS MEANING USES EXAMPLE
Present Past
1/ SUY
ĐOÁN,
May
might - có lẽ - dùng để suy đoán (not sure) - It may rain tomorrow
1. Might
might - có thể - dùng để suy đoán (not sure)
- It might rain tomorrow
Can be
Could
be
- có lẽ là - dùng để suy đoán 1 sự việc
- Cancer can be very
dangerous
3. Must ≠
Can’t

- chắc chắn
≠ chắc chắn
không
- chỉ một sự suy đoán chắc
chắn vì có cơ sở. (sure)
- chỉ một sự suy đoán chắc
chắn không vì có cơ sở.
- Mary must be at home. The
light in her room is on.
- he can’t be at home now. I
have just seen him in the
street.
2/ SỰ
NGĂN
CẤM
Mustn’t
-không được - chỉ sự ngăn cấm, không được
phép làm.(luật lệ)
- You musn’t ride a motorbike
until you are 18
3/ SỰ
BẮT
BUỘC,
NHIỆM
VỤ
Must
Have to
Had to
Had to
- phải

- phải, cần
phải
- để chỉ bổn phận, một sự bắt
buộc ở hiện tại hoặc trong
tương lai.
- được dùng để thay thế must
ở thì tương lai (will have to) và
quá khứ (had to) vì must
không có các dạng khác để
chia ở các thì này
- You must go now.
- They will have to come here
tomorrow
4/ SỰ
CẦN
THIẾT
Needn’t =
-không cần
- là một Modal được dùng chủ
yếu trong câu phủ đònh
(Needn’t)
- You need not give me the
answer right now.
- You don’t have to use a
Tài Liệu Dùng Kèm SGK 12 By giao su p
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S + MODAL + V0
Would, can, will, must , ...
Unit 10 – ENDANGERED SPECIES Language focus
don’t have

to
Need + To
V0 ≠ don’t
need to V0)
Need + V-
ing
- cần / không
cần
- chỉ một sự việc không quan
trọng cần phải làm
- là một động từ thường, dùng
với thể chủ động (người cần)
- là một động từ thường, dùng
với thể bò động (vật cần)
dictionary. There is no new
word.
- You need to go now.
-You don’t need to go.
-Your hair needs cutting.
5/ KHẢ
NĂNG
Can
could - có thể - để nói đến một khả năng
- he can speak 5 languages.
6/ Sự
khuyên
bảo
Should
Had better
(not)

Ought to
- nên - để nói đến 1 lời khuyên
- you should study harder.
- It’s too late. We’d better go
now.
7/ Sự xin
phép,
cho phép
You May…
May I …?
- có thể - Dùng để cho phép hoặc xin
phép ai làm gì.
- You may go now.
- May I come in?
Could I …?
- tôi có thể - thường dùng với chủ từ I đề
xin phép 1 người lớn hơn, tỏ ý
tôn trọng
- You: Could I borrow your
bike?
Can I …?
- tôi có thể - thường dùng với chủ từ I đề
xin phép 1 người ngang hàng
- Can I borrow your pen?
8/ Lời
Đề Nghò
Could you..
- bạn có thể.. - Dùng để đề nghò 1 ngưới
người lớn hơn làm gì.
- Could you open the door,

please?
Can you
Will you
- bạn có thể.. - Dùng để đề nghò 1 ngưới
người ngang hàng làm gì.
- Can you buy me a paper?
Shall we..
- Chúng ta
hãy….
- Dùng để đề xuất 1 hoạt động
vui chơi giải trí nào đó
- Shall we go out for dinner?
9/ Sự
mong
muốn
Would
rather (not)
- muốn /
không muốn
I would rather go to the
cinema than stay at home.
Would like /
would
prefer +
To-V0
- muốn
- sau Would like / would
prefer ta dùng To-V0
I would like to go to the
cinema .

10/ Sự
việc ở
tương lai
Will
Would - sẽ - Dùng trong các thì Tương
Lai, Câu Điều Kiện, câu Ao
Ước, …
- If I were you, I would stay at
home.
•  NOTES: Khi ta đang ở hiện tại mà ta nói về những sự việc ở Quá Khứ, khi đó cách sử dụng của
MODALS có dạng:
Tài Liệu Dùng Kèm SGK 12 By giao su p
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Unit 10 – ENDANGERED SPECIES Language focus
1/ SHOULD + HAVE + V3/ED (lẽ ra đã nên…)
Hình thức này để chỉ một bổn phận, trách nhiệm được cho là lẽ ra đã xảy ra ở quá khứ, nhưng vì một lý do nào
đó đã không xảy ra hoặc ngược lại.
Maria shouldn’t have called John too late last night. (thực ra cô ấy có gọi )
2/ MUST + HAVE + P.P: (chắc chắn là đã…) chỉ một sự suy luận hợp lý trong quá khứ.
Jane did very well on the exam. She must have studied hard.
• MODAL in the PASSIVE: MODALS ở dạng bị động.
Example :
1. Humans must keep water, air, and land clean
 Water, air, and land must be kept clean .
2. Governments must stop illegal trade of whales.
 Illegal trade of whales must be stopped .
EXERCISE
1. I can't find my book anywhere. I _______ have left it on the train. I am not sure.
a. must b. needn't c. should d. might
2. You _______ lunch. We have already eaten.

a. need preparing b. needn't have prepared
c. should prepare d. should have prepared
3. Let's do something to protect the environment, _______ we?
a. must b. need c. will d. shall
4. I will do everything. You _______ do anything unless you really want to.
a. may b. needn't c. must d. ought to
5. You ___ forget to learn the lesson by heart. The new teacher is so strict.
a. needn't b. mustn't c. mayn't d. mightn't
6. They _______ be away for the weekend, but I am not sure.
a. might b. need c. must d. should
7. You _______ now if you wish.
Tài Liệu Dùng Kèm SGK 12 By giao su p
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S + MODAL + HAVE + V3/ED
should, mus ,needn’t ...
S + modal + V 0 + O
S + modal + Be + V3/ ed + By + O
Unit 10 – ENDANGERED SPECIES Language focus
a. must leave b. may leave c. need leaving d. mustn't leave
8. You _______ worry so much. I will help you.
a. must b. mustn't c. might not d. needn't
9. If there is anything you _______. Let me know.
a. must b. should c. need d. may
10. Family _______ spend more time talking, instead of just watching TV.
a. must b. should c. might d. needn't
11. Please, keep silent. You _______ speak during the exam.
a. may b. might not c. needn't d. mustn’t
12. You _______ drive at more than 70 miles per hour in the UK.
a. mustn't b. needn't c. may not d. might not
13. You _______ take your umbrella along with you today. It _______ rain later on this afternoon.

a. ought to / mustn't b. needn't / will c. will / must d. should / might
14. The room ________ once a day.
a. should clean b. should be cleaning
c. should be cleaned d. should have cleaned
15. The weather forecast says that ________ tomorrow.
a. it will snow b. it will be snowed
c. it needs snowing d. it must be snowed
16. The garden ________. It has just started raining.
a. needn't water b. needn't be watered
c. needn't be watering d. needn't have watered
17. People ___________ hunt and use whales for commercial purpose
A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. don’t need to D. don’t have to
18. She ___ be ill. I have just seen her playing basket ball in the school yard.
a. needn't b. shouldn't c. mustn't d. can't
19. Peter has been working for 10 hours. He _______ be very tired now.
a. needn't b. must c. has to d. should
20. I _______ find my own way there. You _______ wait for me.
a. should / can't b. have to / must c. can / needn't d. might / mustn't
21. Frank's wallet is lying on the coffee table. He _______ it here last night.
a. must have left b. should have left c. must be leaving d. needn't leave
22. I am not deaf. You _______ shout.
a. must b. mustn't c. need d. needn’t
23. John failed again. He _______ harder.
a. must have tried b. should have tried c. can tried d. may have tried
24. _______ I borrow your lighter for a minute? - Sure, no problem. Actually, you _______ keep it if you want to.
a. May / can b. Must / might c. Will / should d. Might / needn’t
25. I do not mind at all. You _______ apologize.
a. shouldn't b. needn't c. mustn't d. oughtn't to
Tài Liệu Dùng Kèm SGK 12 By giao su p
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Unit 10 – ENDANGERED SPECIES Language focus
26. It is a top secret. You _______ tell anyone about it.
a. mustn't b. needn't c. mightn't d. won't
27. We have plenty of time for doing the work. We _______ be hurried.
a. needn't b. shouldn't c. mustn't d. mayn't
28. Keep quiet. You _______ talk so loudly in here. Everybody is working.
a. may b. must c. might d. mustn't
29. John is not at home. He _____ go somewhere with Daisy. I am not sure.
a. might b. will c. must d. should
30. _______ I have a day off tomorrow? - Of course not. We have a lot of things to do.
a. Must b. Will c. May d. Need
31. The computer _______ reprogramming. There is something wrong with the software.
a. must b. need c. should d. may
32. Susan ___ hear the speaker because the crowd was cheering so loudly.
a. mustn't b. couldn't c. can't d. needn't
Đề Thi TN THPT 2009
Question 28: Endangered species ______ by the World Wildlife Fund.
A. are protected B. would protect C. be protected D. will protect
Question 34: If I had the map now, I a short-cut across the desert.
A. could have taken B. take C. could take D. can take
Question 39: The recycling of waste paper save a great amount of wood pulp.
A. had better B. need C. can D. dare
Question 46: She brought a lot of money with her so that she needed buy some duty-free goods.
A B C D
Đề Thi TN THPT 2010
Question 11: He has made so many mistakes in his essay that he _______ do it all again.
A. needs B. ought C. used to D. has to
Question 12: Unless we can find new sources of energy, our life will certainly_______.
A. affected B. be affecting C. affect D. be affected
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