ảnh hưởng của tư tưởng Thiền tông Việt Nam trong tiến trình hội nhập kinh tế quốc tế

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<b>TON GIAO VA DAN TOC </b>

<b>ANH</b>

<b> Hl/dNG</b>

<b> C U A</b>

<b> Tl/Tl/dNC</b>

<b> THIEN T O N G</b>

<b> VIET NAM </b>

<b>TRONG TIEN TRINH HOI NHAP KINH TE OUOC TE </b>

H

di n h a p k i n h te' qud'c te' la x u
hfldng ta't ye'u dd'i vdi d a n tdc Viet
Nam. De t a n d u n g dfldc cac thdi cd, v a n
hgi mdi, va g i a m t h i e u h a u qua tfl n g u y
cd, t h a c h thfle m a tie'n t r i n h hdi n h a p
k i n h te' qud'c te' m a n g lai, ddi hdi Viet
Nam p h a i p h a t h u y mgi n g u d n Iflc cd
diidc. T r o n g dd, k h d n g the xem n h e cac
gia t r i t r u y e n thd'ng. Tu" tfldng Thien
t d n g Viet Nam thfle sfl la mdt g i a t r i
truyen thd'ng quy b a n can dfldc bao tdn
va p h a t huy. Thdi dai mdi da t a o dieu
kien cho viee p h a t h u y vai t r d eua tfl
tfldng Thien t d n g Viet Nam.

Thfle vay, Thien ed n g h i a la Iiia chgn
mdt dd'i tiidng rdi t a p t r u n g tri tue tren dd'i
tiidng ay, tao r a k h a n a n g loai trfl sfl rdi
loan t r o n g tfl duy, t a m li eon ngfldi. Lay
ddng suy tfl cua con ngfldi lam dd'i tiidng
cua Thien. Nen tfl tfldng Thien tdng ed tac
dung tich cflc dd'i vdi con ngfldi va xa hdi,
gdp p h a n phuc vu tie'n t r i n h hdi n h a p k i n h
te'qud'c t e d Viet Nam hien nay.

Thien tdng, Thien t d n g Viet Nam la
ke't qua cua qua t r i n h p h a t t r i e n tfl
tiidng n h a n loai ve Thien Dinh.

Thien - di s a n v a n hda cua Phu'dng
D d n g - mdt hgc thuye't, mgt p h i i d n g p h a p

LE NGOC THONG'*'
t u h a n h cd trfldc P h a t giao, tfl thdi
thfldng cd d An Do va n h i e u ndi k h a c
t r e n t h e ' g i d i .

* "Thien": Xua't p h a t tfl k i n h U p a n i s a d
la "Jhana"; "Dhyana".

Tie'ng T r u n g Hoa la "Chan"; s a n g tie'ng
N h a t Ban la "Zen".

Cd n g h i a : D i n h lfl h a y T i n h lfl; Lfl: tfl
lfl, suy n g a m , tfl duy, n g h i e n ciiu,...

* "Dinh": gifl (ehi, dfldng chi, n g a n c h a n )
cac tii lfl, de t a m v a n g l a n g , k h d n g cho
cac v g n g tfldng, tfl lfl q u a y rdi, k h i dd
t a m diidc s a n g td.

T h i e n diia t r e n ed s d li l u a n la sfl
t a p t r u n g tii tfldng. K h i bd dc dfldc t a p
t r u n g v a o m d t dd'i tfldng t h i t a o r a m d t
sflc m a n h n d i t a m ; T r o n g k h i l a m flc

che' v a khie'n n h f l n g p h a n cdn Iai cua
vd n a o dfldc n g h i n g d i , t h a n h t h a n .
Nhfl vay, se t r a n h dfldc h i e n tfldng t a m
t r i t a n l o a n , v g n g tfldng, c h a y t h e o
n h f l n g due v g n g g a y r a n h f l n g h a u q u a
ve m a t d a o dflc, p h a p l u a t . P h i i d n g
p h a p thiic h a n h T h i e n cd n h i e u e a c h
t u y t h e o d i e u k i e n .

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<b>38 </b>

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Vai t r d cua T h i e n Dinh: T h d n g qua
Thien d i n h m a t a m con ngfldi dfldc a n
tinh, thfldng tru. Theo Hoa Thfldng Thich
T h a n h Tfl, t h i e n cd n h i e u tac d u n g : Thfle
h i e n t h a n h c d n g t h a m ciiu la n h d Thien
dinh, Thien la p h a t m i n h , la s a n g tao,
Thien t d n g t a o dflng con ngiidi cd du ba
dflc tinh: Tfl tin. Qua cam va Can cu. Theo
Ajahn Chah, "Sd'ng t r o n g the' g i a n m a

V A 9

h a n h Thien, ngfldi k h a c t h a y b a n c h a n g
k h a c n a o cai c h i e n g k h d n g dfldc d a n h
d d n g va k h d n g t a o n e n am t h a n h n a o he't.
Hg tha'y b a n nhfl dien rd, t h a t bai. Nhifng
thfle r a dieu ngfldc Iai t h i diing hdn"''^l

Vay: Thien d i n h la t a p t r u n g tfl tfldng

vao mdt dd'i tfldng tii duy nha't dinh,

A 9 9

k h o n g cho t a n l o a n de cho t a m the diidc
v a n g lang, t a m d u n g diidc s a n g td, m a n h
me n h a m q u a n sat, suy n g h i e m c h a n li.
Ndi k h a c di: Thien cd n g h i a la Ifla c h g n
mdt dd'i tfldng r d i t a p t r u n g t r i tue t r e n
dd'i tfldng ay, t a o r a k h a n a n g loai trfl sfl
rdi l o a n t r o n g tfl duy, t a m Ii con ngiidi.

T r o n g tie'n t r i n h p h a t trien, T h i e n
d i n h t r a i qua 5 bfldc: Thien n g o a i dao,
Thien p h a m phu, Thien N g u y e n t h u y
(Tieu thfla), Thien Dai thfla va Thien Nhii
Lai Td'i Thfldng.

a/ Thien N g o a i dao: Tdn tai t r o n g dao
Balamdn, Dao Tien, luyen Yoga, luyen
thdi mien, v.v... Qua luyen Thien n h a m
tha'y dfldc cae dieu h u y e n dieu, cd k h a
n a n g t h a n t h d n g bie'n hda, dfldc trfldng
s i n h bat lao.

b/ Thien P h a m p h u cua ngfldi t r a n tuc
m o n g t h o a t Ii k h d i cudc ddi, x a lia c a n h
khd, a n n h a p v a o c a n h siidng vui vdi mdt
sd' cap do tiidng ifng (Tfl thien): Sd, Nhi,
Tam ,Tfl Thien; Tfl k h d n g dinh: Tfl K h d n g

vd bien xfl d i n h de'n Thfle vd bien xfl; Vd
sd hiiu xfl; P h i tfldng; P h i p h i tfldng xfl.

c/ Thien Nhi thfla (Thien N g u y e n
thuy) vdi phtfdng cham: Tfl do, Tfl giac.
Nhi thfla Thien diia lai cac bac g i a c ngd:
T h a n h Van va Duyen Giac; Tfl da hoan;
Tii da ham; Ana ham; Ala b a n .

d/ Thien Dai Thfla (cdn ggi la Xua't the'
g i a n t h i i d n g thfldng Thien) vdi phfldng
cham: "Tii ldi, ldi tha; Tii giac, g i a c tha"

<i>el T h i e n Td'i Thfldng thfla (cdn ggi la </i>

Thien Nhfl Lai T h a n h Tinh, Thien Nhfl
Lai Td'i Thiidng, Thien To Sif, Thien Dd'n
Ngd, T h i e n Dat Ma, Thien Tfl Tanh
T h a n h Tinh, T a m Tdng,...) m a n a y ggi la

<i>Thien tong </i>

Thien t d n g la m d t d d n g Thien cua
P h a t g i a o , vdi m u c tieu g i a c ngd, giai
thoat. T r o n g mgi n h a n h eiia dao P h a t deu
cd a p d u n g p h a p Thien - coi dd n h i i mgt
dac t i n h q u a n t r g n g cua dao Phat. Thien
t d n g a p d u n g p h a p Thien theo p h o n g
each r i e n g v a t r d t h a n h mdt t r o n g mfldi
t d n g p h a i eua dao P h a t (Cau xa, Thanh

thiet, Luat, P h a p tfldng, Tam l u a n , Hoa
n g h i e m , T h i e n thai, Thien, Mat, va Tinh
Do tdng). P h i i d n g c h a m eua Thien tdng:
Ngfldi da g i a c n g d dflng t a m de g i a c ngd
ngfldi k h a c ; Di t a m a n tam. Vi t a m t i n h
con ngfldi la cai cd s a n k h d n g t h a y ddi.
Phfldng p h a p t u t a p la Iam cho Thien gia
n h a n r a dfldc t a m t i n h . Bdi vay, thfle sfl:
Thien t d n g la cdt tuy cua Dao Phat.
T r o n g t i n h quy l u a t cua sii tie'p bie'n, Ian
toa cua v a n hoa, P h a t g i a o da dfldc du
n h a p vao Viet N a m tfl r a t sdm, the' ki II
SCN. Trifdc dd, Viet N a m chu'a cd qud'c
giao, chi cd t i n n g i i d n g d a n g i a n t h d
p h u n g Cha Me, To Tien, T h a n Linh, t h d
Trdi, V.V.... T h e o d d n g c h a y t h d i g i a n v a

<i>1. Ajahn Chah. Ty khuu Khanh Hy dich. Mat hd tinh </i>

<i>Idng. Nxb. T6ng Hgp TP. Ho Chf Minh, Phat lich </i>

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..-do t i n h c h a t P h a t giao, m a nhu:ng g i a t r i
t i n h h o a P h a t g i a o da l o a n g t h a m va
thfle sii t r d t h a n h sd hiiu cua d a n tdc Viet
Nam, thiic sii t r d t h a n h cac ye'u td' g d p
p h a n tao diing n e n v a n hoa Viet Nam.
Phat giao da cd a n h hfldng tich cflc, cd vai
trd to ldn t r o n g tiing thdi ki k h a c n h a u va
thfle sfl la qud'c g i a o cua Viet Nam t r o n g
nhieu the'ki.

Tren nen t a n g P h a t giao, Thien t d n g
da du n h a p vao Viet N a m (tfl cudi the' ki
VI, k h o a n g n a m 580), bdi Sd To la Thien
sfl Ti Ni Da Lflu Chi. T r o n g dieu k i e n
r i e n g cua Viet Nam, Thien t d n g da diidc
p h a t t r i e n vdi sac t h a i p h o n g phfl r i e n g
cua n h i e u p h a i Thien. Tai Viet Nam, lich
su: P h a t g i a o Viet N a m la lich s ^ Thien
t d n g Viet Nam. T r o n g dieu k i e n cu the ve
con ngiidi, da't nfldc, t a i Viet Nam da
h i n h t h a n h d d n g Thien r i e n g - Thien
p h a i True Lam Yen Tu: vao t h e ' k i XIII, To
dau la True Lam Dai Dau Da. Sflc sd'ng
Thien la d ndi tam, m a c h n g u d n Thien
van ludn trdi chay, du duyen se biing
sd'ng day dfl dieu kien cd bat Idi nhfl the'
nao. Mdt thdi g i a n dai, Thien t d n g Viet
Nam difdng n h i i tiem an, cho tdi thdi Hau
Le - the ki XVII, Thien sii Chan Nguyen
t r u tri chfla Long Ddng da Iam sd'ng day
Thien p h a i Trflc Lam-Yen Tu'. Sau dd,
diidc cac de tu' p h a t huy. N g a y nay, Thien
vien True Lam Yen Tu' dfldc Hda thfldng
Thich T h a n h Tfl, mdt Thien sfl h i e n dai
phuc hflng mdt l a n nfla. Tfl dd, "md r a
t r a n g Thien su' Viet N a m v a Thien p h a i
True Lam Yen Tu: rflc r d h u y h o a n g vao
cudi t h e k i XX, d a u the' k i XXI h d m n a y
cho ca m a i sau"''^l . .

Tfl tfldng Thien t d n g Viet Nam m a i
m.ai tdn tai ciing d a n tdc Viet Nam. Cd
dfldc sfl tdn v i n h ay, mdt p h a n n h d cdt

each cac Thien sfl Viet Nam, hg la n h i i n g
Con Ngfldi h i e n thiic, hfldng thfldng v a
n h a p the',... Tflu c h u n g lai dd la t i n h each,
<i>phfldng c h a m Tuy Duyeir. "Tuy Duyen </i>
g i a o hoa, tuy cd tie'p dan, ca mdt ddi
k h d n g met mdi vi ldi lac chiing sinh""<^l

T r o n g t i n h "Tuy duyen" Thien t d n g tai
Viet Nam da p h a t trien tao nen nhieu mdn
<i>phai: Phai thien TH Ni Da Lmi Chi; Phai Vd </i>
Ngdn Thdng; _Phai Thao Diidng; Phai True
Lam; Phai Thien Lam Te'; Thien phai Liiu
Quan. Cac Thien p h a i t r e n cd cac sac t h a i
rieng, d u n g hdp vdi con ngfldi, da't nfldc
Viet Nam va trien k h a i tren nhiing k h i a
canh tich cflc, sinh ddng, thiic t i l n va tie'n
bd, dap ling dfldc p h a n nao yen cau cua
thdi dai. Ciing qua dd m a tao nen cac dac
diem cua Thien t d n g Viet Nam.

Dac diem thfl nha't. Thien t d n g Viet
Nam la d d n g Thien n h a p t h e ' h a n h ddng,
r a t thiic te'. "De tha'y t i n h each thfle te'cua
Thien tdng, chflng t a n g h e Luc Td ndi
t r o n g bai T u n g Vd tiidng: P h a t p h a p tai

t h e ' g i a n . Bat Ii t h e ' g i a n giac, Li t h e ' m i c h
bd de, K h a p td t a m thd' giac, P h a t p h a p d

A A ' A A

the g i a n . C h a n g lia t h e g i a n giac, Lia the
k i e m bd de, Gid'ng nhfl t i m siing thd..."''*l

Dac diem thfl h a i . Thien t d n g Viet
Nam cd t i n h tfl life, tfl cfldng, s a n g tao.

Dac diem thfl ba. Thien t d n g Viet Nam
thfle sfl la ed't t u y cua Dao Phat, hfldng
tdi h a n h phflc con ngfldi. Thfle te', "Thien
dfldc dfla vao ddi sd'ng, p h u c v u d a t nfldc.
<i>2. Hoa Thugng Thich Thanh Tir. Thien tdng Viet </i>

<i>Nam cudi the ki XX. NXB. TP. Ho Chf Minh. 1994, tr. </i>

76.

<i>3. Hoa Thugng Tliich Thanh Tir. Thien tdng Viet </i>

<i>Nam eudi the'ki XX NXB. TP. H6 Chi Minh, 1994, tr. </i>

12.

<i>4. Hoa Thugng Thfch Thanh Td. Thien tdng Viet </i>

<i>Nam cud'i the'ki XX NXB. TP. Ho Chf Minh. 1994. tr. </i>

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n h a n d a n va q u a n chflng x a hdi, hfldng
d a n con ngifdi t u dfldng va h o a n t h i e n
n h a n each d a o dflc..."'^l

Thien t d n g Viet N a m b o a t d d n g t r e n
nen t a n g tfl tfldng cd b a n cua Tdn chi
Thien t d n g .

"Cudn su: Thien m d dau vdi Bd De Dat
Ma s a n g T r u n g Qud'c n a m 520 sau Tay lich,
m a n g theo mdt t h d n g diep t h u t h a n g .
Thdng diep ay tdm tat b a n g 16 chfl nay:

9

C h a n g l a p v a n tfl

Truyen r i e n g n g o a i g i a o

9 "^

Tro t h a n g t a m ngfldi
Tha'y t a n h t h a n h Phat"<«

(Tdn chi Thien t d n g t a m dich : K h d n g
lap v a n tii, T r u y e n n g o a i g i a o li, Chi

9 ^

t h a n g t a m ngfldi, Thay t i n h t h a n h Phat).
N h a n m a n h , g i a t r i c h u n g : t i n h t h a n thiic
chiing ndi tai cua Dao Phat.

Nen t a n g tfl tfldng ay, dfldc cu t h e h o a
<i>mdt each s a n g t a o qua bai p h u CU tran </i>

<i>lac dao cua Sfl Td Thien p h a i Trflc Lam. </i>

"Ke r a n g ,

<i>CU tran lac dao thi. tuy duyen, </i>
<i>Cd tac xan he khdn tac mien, </i>

<i>Gia trung hUu bao httu tam mich, </i>
<i>Do'i canh vo tam mac van thien. </i>

Dich

<i>(J ddi vui dao hay tuy duyen, </i>
<i>Doi de'n thi an, met nghi lien, </i>
<i>Trong nha co bau thoi tim kie'm, </i>
<i>Ddi canh khong tam chd hoi Thieti"-''^ </i>

T r o n g Thien t d n g Viet Nam cd t h e
tam p h a n t a c h t h a n h n h i e u tii tiidng cu
the. T r o n g gidi b a n cua bai vie't, c a n
q u a n t a m tdi mdt sd' tfl tifdng d i n h hfldng

cho v a n de n h a n s i n h q u a n cua con ngflc*!,
cd a n h hiidng tich cflc tdi x a hdi Viet
Nam tfl lich su: tdi dfldng dai:

1. Tfl tiidng Tuy duyen: Tuy vao dieu
k i e n cu the cua b a n t h a n va h o a n c a n h
m a h a n h d d n g p h u hdp.

2. Tfl tiidng Tinh thfle: Tfl y thfle mdt
each diing d a n ve t h a n , t a m cua c h i n h
m i n h .

3. Tfl tfldng Tii t i n - S a n g t a o la ke't
qua cua tfl tfldng t i n h thfle va t u y duyen,
yeu c a n la tfl chu, tich ciic d u n g mtfc vi
ldi ich con ngfldi. : ,

r-4. Tfl tfldng Hoa b i n h - Hoa hdp va tfl
tfldng Trflc chi n h a n tam. Xua't phat tfl chu
trfldng "Tam t i n h qud'c do tinh, tam an
chiing s i n h an, t a m b i n h the'gidi binh", yen
cau thfle h i e n 'Tan luc hoa": Idng ngfldi can
hoa thien; g i a d i n h can hoa muc; n h a n te'
can boa thuan; x a hdi can h a i hoa; n h a n
g i a n can hoa mi; the'gidi can hoa binh; tdn
t r g n g con ngfldi, v.v....

Cac ttf ttfdng t r e n p h a i dtfdc vat chat
h o a va q u a dd m a a n h htfdng tdi ddi sd'ng

x a hdi h i e n thfle. N g a y nay, mdt t r o n g
cac ye'u td' cua ddi sd'ng x a hdi hien thfle
dd la tie'n t r i n h hdi n h a p k i n h te' qud'c te'
d Viet Nam.

Nhfl t r e n da neu, hdi n h a p k i n h te'
qud'c te' la m d t ddi hdi ta't ye'u, bflc thie't
cua V i e t N a m . "Dd l a m d t btfdc di d u n g
<i>5. Hoa Thugng Thfch Thanh Tii. Thien tdng Viet </i>

<i>Nam cud'i the'ki XX NXB. TP. Ho Chf Minh, 1994, tr. </i>

99.

6. Dai.setz Teitaro SuZuKi, Thien luan, quye'n thugng,
NXB T6ng hgp TP. H6 Chf Minh, 2005, tr. 206.
7. Giao hgi Phat giao Viet Nam, Ban Van hoa Trung
<i>uang, Hoa Thugng Thfch 'Hianh Tir. Tam Td Tnic </i>

<i>Ldm gidng gidi, Thien vien Thirong, chieu Phat lich </i>

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d a n theo q u y l u a t p h a t t r i e n cua n h a n
loai. Sfl h o a n h a p dd m d r a cho c h u n g ta
n h i i n g cd hdi,... "<®l

N g h i quye't Dai hdi Dai bieu D a n g

9 V * "^

Cdng san Viet N a m l a n VIII k h a n g dinh:

"Day n h a n h q u a t r i n h hgi n h a p k i n h te'
k h u viic va the' gidi"'. Dai hdi Dai bieu
Dang Cdng s a n Viet N a m l a n IX da bd
s u n g h o a n thien: "Chu d d n g hgi n h a p
k i n h te'qud'c t e ' v a k h u viic theo t i n h t h a n
p h a t huy td'i da ndi liic, n a n g cao h i e u
qua hdp tae qud'c te', b a o d a m ddc l a p ttf
chu va d i n h htfdng x a hdi chu n g h i a , bao
ve ldi Ich d a n tdc, a n n i n h qud'c gia, gifl
g i n ban sac v a n h o a d a n tdc, bao ve mdi
trfldng". Tdi N g h i quye't 07 -NQ/TW
(27/11/2001) da cu the h o a h d n cho cac ndi
d u n g tren.

Hdi n h a p k i n h te' qud'c te' la t h a m g i a

A A ' ' A A A A
cac to chtfc k i n h te k h u vtfc, the gidi,

nha't la Td chflc Thfldng m a i The' gidi
(WTO). Chu d d n g hdi n h a p k i n h te' qud'c
te theo t i n h t h a n p h a t h u y td'i da mgi
tiem n a n g va n g u d n liic cua mgi t h a n h
p h a n k i n h te', cua t o a n x a hdi. T r o n g dd,
cac ttf ttfdng Thien t d n g Viet Nam da,
d a n g va se ed tac d u n g a n h hfldng tich
cflc tdi tie'n t r i n h hdi n h a p k i n h te' qud'c
te'cua Viet Nam h i e n nay.

1. Tac d u n g a n h hfldng cua ttf ttfdng

<i>Tuy duyen </i>

<i>Tuy duyen vdi ndi d u n g g i a n di "vift </i>

bd yeu ghet, t h a n n h i e n trtfde mgi
chuyen x a y ra. Dd la m u c tieu c h i n h cua
viec h a n h Thien "<^>. . . r

Ttf ttfdng n a y vfla la stf p h u hdp, ciing

A A 9 V A A

CO the coi la mgt t r o n g cac l u a n cfl lich
su' - x a hdi cho t i n h t h a n hdi n h a p k i n h
te' qud'c te' la "rdng md, da phtfdng hoa, da
d a n g h o a cac q u a n he qud'c te", theo
n g u y e n tac "tdn t r g n g ddc lap, chu quyen

va t o a n ven l a n h thd, k h d n g can t h i e p
vao ndi bd cua nhau,... g i a i quye't bat
d d n g va t r a n h c h a p t h d n g qua thtfdng
Itfdng h o a binh; t d n t r g n g lan nhau, b i n h
d a n g va c u n g ed ldi". Dieu dd htfdng d a n
b o a t d g n g t r o n g hdi n h a p k i n h te' qud'c te'
la m d r d n g q u a n h e k i n h te' vdi n h i e u
qud'c gia, n h i e u v u n g l a n h thd t r e n the'
g i d i k h d n g p h a n biet che' do c h i n h t r i
-x a hdi va y thfle he. Thiic h i e n da phfldng
boa, da d a n g h o a q u a n h e k h d n g d a n deu

m a p h a i co t r g n g tam, t r g n g diem. Danh
liu t i e n cao va stf q u a n t a m thoa d a n g
cho p h a t t r i e n q u a n h e h d p tac, hoa binh,
hiiu n g h i vdi cac ntfdc l a n g g i e n g Lao,
Campuehia, ASEAN, eac ntfdc ldn T r u n g
Qud'c, My,... cac ntfdc Chau A - Thai Binh
Dtfdng, cac ntfdc x a hdi chu n g h i a , cac
ntfdc d a n tdc chu n g h i a , cac ntfdc d a n g
p h a t trien, cac liic Itfdng each m a n g va
tien bd t r e n the' g i d i vd'n cd q u a n he
t r u y e n thd'ng vdi ntfdc ta.

<i>Tuy duyen t r o n g viec xfl li cac mdi </i>

q u a n he d d n g t h d i vdi cac ntfdc ldn, sao
cho t a o dtfdc the' c a n b a n g , n h i i n g k h d n g
cd n g h i a la c a n b a n g ve so' hgc. Yeu cau

<i>Tuy duyen la k h d n g qua t h i e n lech, b e n h </i>

ntfdc nay, chd'ng lai nfldc k h a c la p h a i
c a n cfl vao d i e u k i e n cu the, t i n h chat
q u a n he va theo c h u a n mflc cao nha't vfldt
t r e n dao dflc vi ldi ich n h a n loai ndi
c h u n g , k h d n g Iam tdn h a i tdi ldi Ich
chie'n Ifldc c h i n h d a n g cua cac nfldc.
K h d n g p h a n d i n h b a n t h u x d cling m a
m e m deo, l i n h boat. Ban la ta't ca n h i i n g
ai chu trfldng t d n t r g n g ddc l a p chu
quyen, thie't l a p v a m d r d n g q u a n h e h d p

<i>8. Hgc Vien Phat giao Viet Nam tai Ha Ngi. Ki yeu </i>

<i>khoa V ndm hgc thit nhdt - 2007, tr. 99. </i>

<i>9. Ajahn Chah. Ty khuu Khanh Hy dich. Mdt hd tinh </i>

<i>idng. NXB. Tong Hgp, TP. H6 Chf Minh, Phat lich </i>

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<i>_{Nghien ciru Ton giao. Sd7 - 2010}</i>

tac, hiiu n g h i , b i n h d a n g . Dd'i tfldng da'u
t r a n h la t r o n g p h a m vi h a n h d d n g sai
trai, tuyet n h i e n k h d n g dfldc n h a m vao
con ngfldi. T r o n g dd'i tfldng da'u t r a n h
van p h a i p h a t h i e n r a m a t can h d p tac
tuy t i n h hud'ng, h o a n canh, n h i i n g bao
g i d c u n g t r e n t i n h t h a n chu dao ciia
h a n h xu: n h a P h a t la Tam - Dflc - An lac
cho con ngtfdi. Dac biet, t r a n h triic dien,
ddi dau, ddi k h a n g , k h o n g de bi k i c h
ddng, rdi vao t h e ' e d l a p h a y x u n g dot vu
t r a n g . Ta't ca cac phtfdng c h a m xu' the' a y
deu cd the quy t u ve mdt muc tieu c h u n g
la vi ldi ich td'i cao cua d a n tdc.

<i>2. Anh htfdng tfl tfl tfldng tinh thUc </i>
cua Thien t d n g .

<i>Tinh thUe vdi yeu cau bie't rd ve b a n </i>

than, chfl y tdi b a n t h a n , k h d n g p h i e u
dieu, k h d n g hdi hdt, bie't rd h a n h vi, t a m
t r a n g b a n t h a n . Mud'n vay, p h a i "theo ddi
c h i n h b a n t h a n m i n h . P h a i theo ddi
n h i i n g p h a n ring ciia m i n h "<^°l Thfle stf la
bie't m i n h thiic t r a n g da't nfldc; biet
ngtfdi - ntfdc k h a c va ca the' gidi. N h a n
thfle d u n g t i n h h i n h qud'c te' la mdt t r o n g
cac can cfl q u a n t r g n g chi dao tie'n t r i n h
hdi n h a p k i n h te' qud'c te'. Stf tfldng d d n g
gifla hai h i e n thfle dd cd y n g h i a to ldn
giflp c h u n g ta k h d n g bi Ifldng gat, dao
ddng, t h a m chi t h d i p h d n g h a y ttf ti ve
ban t h a n .

N h a n thfle d u n g t h d i stf qud'c te' vdi
cac cudc chie'n t r a n h cue bd, x u n g dot
vu t r a n g , x u n g dot sac tdc, t d n g i a o vdi
ta't ca nhfl'ng t i n h c h a t phflc t a p k h d
Itfdng cua nd. Thiic te' t h e o t i n h t h a n

<i>tinh thUc yeu c a u l u d n l u d n b a m s a t </i>

thiic te, v a n d u n g phtfdng p h a p l u a n
N A ^

p h u h d p de d a n h g i a n g a y c a n g c h i n h
x a c s a u sac h d n ve t h d i cudc, de r a
c h i n h s a c h p h u h d p , h i e u qua.

<i>3. Tae d u n g cua ttf ttfdng Hoa Binh </i>

<i>-Hoa Hdp </i>

"Mdt ye'u to' he't sflc q u a n t r g n g t r o n g
tie'n t r i n h hdi n h a p la n h a n to h o a binh,
vi ehi cd h o a b i n h mdi dem lai sfl p h d n
v i n h va dn d i n h x a hdi"'<">.

Hoa h d p vdi mgi ngfldi, vdi x u n g
q u a n h va ca vdi c h i n h b a n t h a n . "Chiing
ta p h a i bie't t u la s d n g t r d ve vdi chan
t a m cua minh,... Bd dien dao v g n g ttfdng,
sd'ng vdi cai c h a n t h a t cua minh,... k h d n g
ttfdng tfldng g i he't, chi b u d n g nhiing gi
vd li, sd'ng vdi c h a n t a m eua m i n h ""^'.

Tfl tfldng n a y nhfl sfl gdi m d dinh htfdng
eho hdi n h a p k i n h te' qud'c te' thiic hien tdn
t r g n g quyen sd hiiu chan chinh cua con
ngtfdi, p h a n dd'i ctfdng qud'c mau dich, canh
t r a n h k h d n g l a n h manh, sao cho, "gifl viing
ddc lap, tfl chu, tfl life, tfl cfldng, day manh
da d a n g hoa, da phfldng hoa quan he dd'i
ngoai", gdp p h a n xay dtfng gia dinh nhan
loai k h o a n nhtfdng, tdn k i n h va hdp tac. Cd
vay mdi tie'p n h a n dtfdc t h a n h qua van
minh n h a n loai va dinh htfdng qiian trgng
cho nen v a n hoa hdi nhap.

<i>4. T i n h t h a n tU tin, sang tao </i>

Tinh t h a n n a y ddi hdi "Chinh Tin - dflc
t i n chac c h a n , k h d n g lay chuyen, phat
s i n h tfl sfl h i e u bie't eua c h i n h m i n h "<"l

Yeu c a u tie'p theo la tfl l a m chu ban
t h a n , vfldt len k h d n g sd h o a n c a n h dfl
h o a n c a n h r a sao. "Sd di chflng ta sd canh

<i>10. Ajahn Chah. Ty khuu Khanh Hy dich. Mat hd </i>

<i>tmh Idng. Sdd. tx.2\?,. </i>

<i>11. Hpc Vien Phat giao Viet Nam tai Hii Noi. Ki veil </i>

<i>khod \' ndm hgc thir nhd't - 2007. tr. 98. </i>

12. Thien vien Triic Lam Da Lat. Hoa Thugng Thfch
<i>Thanh Tu. Tie'n thdng vdo Thien tdng. NXB. TOng </i>
hgp TP. Ho Chf Minh. 2006. tr. 139.

<i>13. Ajahn Chah. Ty khuu Khanh Hy dich. Mdt hd </i>

<i>tinh Idng. NXB. Tdng Hgp. TP. H6 Chf Minh Phat </i>

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ben n g o a i , a m t h a n h ben n g o a i la vi t h a y
c a n h that, a m t h a n h that. Bay g i d t h a y
canh g i a dd'i, a m t h a n h gia dd'i, qua rdi
mat thi k h d n g cdn chtfdng nfla. Viec tu

k h d n g bi chfldng n h d tri tue viing, t h a y
dfldc le that"<'*>.

Yeu cau tie'p t h e o la tfl chu lien tuc
k h d n g n g d i n g h i ;

"Ldi tu n a y iing d u n g k h i n g d i Thien,
k h i lam cdng tac, k h i r a dtfdng. Chflng ta
cfl lam mdt each tfl nhien, k h d n g n g a i
chi he't, nhflng nhd, m a t n h i n la c h a n tu,
tai n g h e la c h a n tu, t h a n bie't xfle cham
la chan tu'"»^l

Tinh t h a n ay cua Thien t d n g g d p p h a n
tao dflng stf ttf chu, tich ctfc chu d d n g
t r o n g hdi n h a p . Kien d i n h vdi l a p trtfdng
da chgn theo y n g u y e n ciia dan, dem lai
an lac cho dan. Do vay , k h d n g ehi t r a n g
bi kie'n thfle k h o a hgc, kie'n thfle ehuyen
n g a n h , ki n a n g l a m viec, g i a o tie'p, m a
can p h a i d a n d a n h i n h h a n h q u a n diem,
niem tin de k h d n g dao ddng, h o a n g
m a n g trfldc cac bie'n cd' Idn cua thdi dai,
qua dd, t r a n h dfldc cac sai lam: "Chi
t h u a n tuy hgc li thuye't m a k h d n g thiic
h a n h thi c h a n g k h a c n a o "bd h i n h bat
bdng""''^'*'. Dieu dd dtfdc thiic te' k h a n g
dinh: P h a t g i a o c u n g nhtf k h o a hgc deu
diia vao phtfdng p h a p thiic n g h i e m .
Phtfdng p h a p p h a n tich cua P h a t g i a o

t h d n g thtfdng su: d u n g "suy luan"' cflng
dtfdc dflng r d n g r a i t r o n g k h o a hgc.

Tuan theo tdn chi Thien tdng: "Dd'i canh
vd tam" g i u p ca n h a n con ngfldi k h d n g bi
le thugc vao h o a n canh, du d hoan canh
nao, ciing can chu d d n g vtfdt len, vtfdt len
ca sd' phan. Cdn vdi ca d a n tdc, ttf ttfdng dd
nhtf mdt can cfl, mdt stf dinh htfdng cho
nhiem vu gifl viing b a n sac van hoa d a n
tdc. Cd the coi dd nhtf mdt ye'u to' ndi sinh

ciia nen k i n h te' ttf chu, ddc lap, tiep t h u
van hoa n h a n loai, d d n g gdp cac gia tri
van boa d a n tdc cho n h a n loai.

<i>5. Tac d u n g cua ttf ttfdng TrUe chi </i>

<i>nhan tam </i>

Ttf ttfdng n a y yeu cau, p h a t h i e n va
p h a t h u y sflc m a n h tiem n a n g t r o n g con
ngtfdi, h i e u dflng ve b a n t h a n "bie't minh,
A A A V A''
biet ta"". Khi do, con ngtfdi se hieu dtfdc,
dgc dtfdc c h i n h t a m m i n h . "... Dgc c h i n h
t a m m i n h r a t thfl vi. Cai t a m chtfa dtfdc
h u a n luyen n a y ludn l u d n chay theo thdi
quen te hai. Tam n h a y n h d t thich t h u va
lieu l i n h vi chtfa dtfdc hua'n luyen t h a n h

thuc. Bdi the', h a y h u a n luyen t a m m i n h .
Dd la dieu td'i thie't ye'u. P h a t g i a o la dao
cua tam. Chi cd the' thdi. Ngtfdi n a o dao
luyen t a m m i n h , ngtfdi ay thiic h a n h
P h a t giao"'<'"'l

Vdi ca d a n tdc t h i dd la qua t r i n h gifl
vu:ng qud'c hdn, qud'c tfly, ddc l a p tfl chu,
ke't h d p tie'p t h u sflc m a n h ben n g o a i vdi
sflc m a n h t r o n g nfldc t a o n e n t h e ' v a Iflc
-h a y vi t-he' Viet N a m t r o n g q u a n -he qud'c
te'. Mdt thfle te' la k h d n g It dd'i tac vdi
Viet N a m mud'n d u n g sflc m a n h uy hiep,
ep budc Viet Nam, t h a m chi cdn nudi y
tfldng lai e h e ' d o c h i n h t r i Viet Nam theo
htfdng khac. Do dd, p h a i tich ctfc chd'ng
"dien bie'n h o a binh" v a v a n de "nhan
quyen". Chd'ng n h i i n g h o a t ddng, td chflc,
p h o n g t r a o cd a m mflu d e n td'i m u d ' n

14. Thien vien Tnic Lam Da Lat. Hoa Thugng Thfch
<i>Thanh TCr. Tieh thang vdo Thien rdng, NXB. T6ng </i>
hop TP. Ho Chf Minh, 2006, tr. 8.

15. Thien vien True Lam Da Lat. Hoa Thugng Thfch
<i>Thanh Tir. Tien thdng vdo Thien tdng. Sdd. tr. 104. </i>

<i>16. Ajahn Chah. Ty khuu Khanh Hy dich. Mat hd </i>

<i>tinh Idng. NXB. TOng Hgp, TP. H6 Chf Minh. Phat </i>

lich 2552, 2008, tr. 26.

<i>17. Ajahn Chah. Ty khuu Khanh Hy dich. Mdt hd </i>

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<i>_{Nghien cuu Ton giao. Sd7 - 2010}</i>

d u n g n h a n quyen t h a y cho chu quyen
d a n tdc va l a m s u y g i a m vai trd l a n h dao
cua D a n g Cdng s a n Viet Nam.

6. Tae d u n g cua tfl tfldng va p h o n g
<i>each tfl duy sang tao Thien t d n g </i>

Thien t d n g hfldng d a n viec p h u c hdi
n h a n h sflc m a n h , k h a n a n g a p d u n g ,
thich n g h i va l i n h ddng, k h d n g a p dat,
g i a o dieu, bao thu. Khi tie'p c a n vdi h o a n
c a n h mdi, thu' t h a c h mdi, ddi hdi stf d a p
ling mdi, mdi ca n h a n k h d n g giao dieu thi
xa hdi r d n g m d td't dep. Ve chie'n tranh,
Thien g i u p n h a n thfle dflng: b a n thfl
khdng the cham diit b a n g b a n t h u ma phai
bang t i n h thfldng. Ke't qua va cung la ndi
<i>dung tfl ttfdng va p h o n g each ttf duy sang </i>

<i>tao theo p h o n g each Thien tdng. </i>

a. N h a n thfle the' gidi, thdi dai, qua
t r i n h hdi n h a p k i n h te' qud'c te' k h a c h

quan k h o a hgc, bien chiing, t r a n h sai
lam ap dat chu quan, xua't p h a t tfl l u a n li:
mudn p h a p do t a m s i n h r a mdt each chu
quan, duy y chi, qua dd m a giflp cho
h a n h d d n g d u n g dan, cd h i e u qua cao.

b. Nha't q u a n t r o n g m u c tieu, l i n h h o a t
t r o n g viec ke't h d p life Itfdng t r o n g t h a n
-tam va n g o a i canh, thfle h i e n td't n g u y e n
tac, phfldng p h a p luan: "di bat bie'n, iing
v a n bie'n". Bat bie'n la stf t r u n g t h a n h vdi
muc tieu h a n h phuc, a n lac cho con ngtfdi,
nhu'ng cac b i e n p h a p m a n g t i n h chat
"van bie'n" do t u y d u y e n va ludn ludn
n h a m vao muc tieu cd b a n va lau dai, b a t
bie'n neu tren.

c. Ludn gifl viing ddc lap, tfl chu. Nam
vu:ng x u the' cua t h d i dai t r o n g sfl p h a t

A ' ^ 9

trien chung, hdp quy luat; mem deo, cd
dgng, l i n h b o a t t r o n g cudc sd'ng.

N g a y nay, the' g i d i d a n g x a y dtfng
g i a d i n h n h a n loai; Can dem cua cai hdi

mdn cua mdi ntfdc g i a n h a p g i a dinh ay;
Viet Nam k h d n g n g o a i le, k h d n g chi vi

ldi lac cua r i e n g Viet Nam, m a cdn g d p
p h a n vi ldi lac ca n h a n loai, g i a t a n g n g h i
l l htfdng n g o a i va ea g i a t a n g n g h i l l
htfdng ndi, p h a t h u y tiem n a n g t r o n g
mdi con ngtfdi, t r u y e n ba Thien t d n g r a
the' gidi qua h o a t d d n g k i n h te'.

<i>Tom lai: Ve Thien t d n g Viet N a m ndi </i>

r i e n g , tfl cdi n g u d n P h a t g i a o ndi chung,
Chu tich ntfdc N g u y i n M i n h Triet da
p h a t bieu: "Phat g i a o Viet N a m da t r a i
qua h a n g n g a n n a m lich su", thdi ki nao,
P h a t g i a o c u n g lay dflc tfl bi, hi xa, lay
c h a n - t h i e n - m i de g i a o h o a chflng sinh,
lay t r i tue v a p h u n g sfl da't nfldc lam sfl
n g h i e p va phfldng c h a m h a n h dao,...
n h i i n g g i a t r i td't dep cua P h a t g i a o da
g d p p h a n h u n due n e n n h i i n g g i a t r i td't
dep cua con ngfldi Viet Nam. Lich su' Viet
Nam da g h i n h a n P h a t g i a o Viet Nam cd
n h i i n g d d n g g d p x i i n g d a n g cho viec bao
ve va x a y dtfng da't ntfdc'"^^^l

Do vay, c a n sif d u n g kie'n thfle, cae gia
t r i t r u y e n thd'ng de g d p p h a n g i a i quye't
c d n g viec n g a y nay, t a o mdi trfldng
t h u a n Idi cho tie'n t r i n h hdi n h a p k i n h te'
qud'c te'. T h i e n t d n g d a thfle sfl la cdt tuy
cua dao P h a t vdi cac g i a t r i dao dflc,

n h a n s i n h cd t i n h ben viing dai lau. Dieu
dd k h d n g n h i i n g cd Idi cho sfl dn dinh,
p h a t t r i e n d a n tdc m a cdn cho ca cdng
d d n g the' gidi. T h i e n t d n g g d p p h a n cho
stf tie'n bd c h u n g cua the' gidi, t h i c h hdp
t r o n g t h d i dai mdi: p h u c hdi n h a n h sflc
m a n h , k h a n a n g a p d u n g , t h i c h n g h i va
l i n h ddng, k h d n g vdi ke't l u a n ciing nhac,
a p dat, t r a n h k h u y n h htfdng g i a o dieu./.

<i>18. Hoc Vien Phat giao Viet Nam tai Ha Noi. Ki ye'u </i>

</div>

<!--links-->
<a href=''>2552.2008.tr.</a>