Bài soạn BTTN CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN

GV: Huỳnh Quang Minh Tuấn CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN
TÓM TẮT CÔNG THỨC CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN
Loại Mệnh đề phụ ( IF ) Mệnh đề chính Cách dùng
1a IF + S + V
1/S/ES
+...... , S + V
1/S/ES
+......
ĐK luôn luôn
đúng
1b IF + S + V
1/S/ES
+...... , S + WILL/ SHAL + V
0
+......
ĐK có thể xảy ra
ở hiện tại hoặc
tương lai.
2
IF + S + WERE / V
2/ED
+...... ,
S + WOULD V
0
+......
ĐK không thật ở
hiện tại hoặc
tương lai.
WERE + S + ………,
3
IF + S + HAD V

3/ED
+...... ,
S + WOULD HAVE V
3 /ED
+......
ĐK không thật ở
quá khứ.
HAD + S + V
3/ED
+...... ,
 ’d + V
0
= would + V
0
còn ’d + V
3/ed
= had + V
3/ed
; won’t = will not; shan’t = shall not.
 Trong công thức tại vị trí chữ WILL có thể thay bằng SHALL, CAN, MAY tùy theo ý của
câu cho đúng ý đồ của người dùng.
 Trong công thức tại vị trí chữ WOULD có thể thay bằng COULD, MIGHT tùy theo ý của
câu cho đúng ý đồ của người dùng.
 Trong công thức tại vị trí chữ WILL / SHALL có thể thay bằng CAN, MAY tùy theo ý của
câu cho đúng ý đồ của người dùng.
Lưu ý:
A. Đối với điều kiện diễn tả khả năng có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai, ta có thể dùng
IF + CAN + V
0
+…, S + WILL + V

0
+ …..
B. Chữ IF: NẾU; chữ UNLESS: NẾU KHÔNG; chữ OR:... HOẶC LÀ...... NẾU KHÔNG/... NẾU
KHÔNG...
Do đó: 1) IF + Mệnh đề khẳng định = UNLESS + Mệnh đề phủ định
2) IF + Mệnh đề phủ định = UNLESS + Mệnh đề khẳng định
C. Cách dịch đối với câu dùng UNLESS / OR:
1) Nếu UNLESS ( hoặc OR) đặt đầu câu thì dịch mệnh đề chính (mệnh đề bên phải dấu phẩy) trước.
2) Nếu UNLESS ( hoặc OR) đặt giữa câu thì dịch từ trái qua phải.
D. Ghi chú:
Có những trường hợp ta cũng có câu điều kiện chỉ gồm có mệnh đề chính và cụm từ chỉ điều kiện.
Ví dụ: Without her encouragements, I could not have won the game.
Without your leading, we will never come on time.
If tired, you can take a rest.
BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG
Exercise 1: Hãy chọn một câu trả lời đúng nhất:
1. If the train is late, we_______ to the office.
A. walk B. will walk C. would walk D. walks
2. She_______ if she has time.
A. calls B. would call C. will call D. calling
3. If it_______ too much, I will buy the smaller one.
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A. costs B. will cost C. would cost D. cost
4. If the class_______ full, we will find another one.
A. are B. will be C. were D. is
5. What will we do if the taxi_______?
A. don’t come B. didn’t come C. doesn’t come D. had not come
6. If it snowed this summer, we_______ skiing.

A. goes B. will go C. would go D. go
7. If you drove more carefully, you_______ so many accidents.
A. would not have B. will not have C. wouldn’t have had D. has
8. If he_______ up earlier, he’d get to work on time.
A. gets B. will get C. got D. had got
9. I would tell you more about it if we_______ more time.
A. has B. will have C. have D. had
10. If I_______ you, I wouldn’t worry about going to university.
A. am B. be C. were D. had been
11. If you_______ any money, I would give you some.
A. hadn’t had B. haven’t had C. don’t have D. didn’t have
12. You’d earn more money if you_______ more products.
A. to sell B. sell C. sold D. will sell
13. If I_______ so busy yesterday, I would have visited you.
A. were not B. wasn’t C. aren’t D. hadn’t been
14. If you had seen the film, you_______ it.
A. will enjoy B. would have enjoyed C. would enjoy D. enjoyed
15. She would have gone to the university if she_______ the opportunity.
A. has B. will have C. had had D. had
16. If he had been more careful, he_______ an accident.
A. would not have hadB. will not have
C. does not have D. would not have
17. If you’d stayed at home, there _______ any trouble.
A. would not be B. will not be C. is not D. would not have been
18. What would you do if he_______ tomorrow?
A. resigned B. will resign C. resigns D. to resign
19. I’ll do it if he_______ me.
A. asking B. will ask C. asked D. asks
20. If you_______ for the car, we’d be able to sell it.
A. look B. looks C. looked D. had looked

21. I wouldn’t have believed it if I_______ it with my own eyes.
A. not to see B. didn’t see C. don’t see D. hadn’t seen
22. What _______ if you found a burglar in your house?
A. will you do B. do you do C. would you do D. you do
23. If you_______ more slowly, he might have understood you.
A. had spoken B. speak C. speaks D. to speak
24. If you_______ careful, you will cut yourself with that knife.
A. are not B. were not C. be not D. not be
25. If she_______ this one, I will bring her another one.
A. don’t like B. doesn’t like C. not like D. to like
26. If I _______ him, I_______ him a lift.
A. see/ would give B. saw/ will give C. see/ will give D. had seen/ will give
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27. The table _______ if you_______ on it.
A. will collapse/ stand B. would collapse/ stand
C. would have collapsed/ stood D. collapses/ had stood
28. If he_______ all those fruits, he _______ sick.
A. eat / will get B. eats/ will get
C. had eaten/ would get D. ate/ would have got
29. If I _______ your passport, I_______ you at once.
A. found/ will telephone B. find/ would telephone
C. had found/ would have telephone D. find/ will telephone
30. The police_______ him if they catch him.
A. arrest B. would arrest C. will arrest D. arrested
31. If he_______ in such a pale light, he will ruin his eyes.
A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading
32. Someone_______ your car if you leave it unlocked.
A. steal B. will steal C. stole D. would steal

33. What will happen if my parachute_______?
A. hadn’t opened B. won’t open C. doesn’t open D. didn’t open
34. If he_______ my car more carefully, I_______ him $10.
A. washes/ would give B. washes/ will give
C. washed/ will give D. washes/ would have given
35. If you_______ away, I’ll send for the police at once.
A. don’t go B. not go C. didn’t go D. hadn’t
36. I_______ very angry if he_______ any more mistakes.
A. am/ made B. were/ made C. would be/ makes D. will be/ makes
37. If he_______ late, we _______ without him.
A. comes/ would go B. comes/ will go
C. had come/ would go D. came/ will go
38. If we _______ the car here, it_______ in anybody’s way.
A. leave/ will be B. leaves/will be C. left/ will be D. had left/ will be
39. He _______ late for the train if he_______ at once.
A. would be/ doesn’t start B. will be/ doesn’t start C.
would have been/ didn’t start D. is / hadn’t started
40. If you _______ late, they_______ you in.
A. arrive/ would not let B. arrived/ wouldn’t let C.
had arrived/ wouldn’t let D. to arrive/ would not let
41. Unless he_______ more, he won’t get much commission.
A. sell B. sells C. sold D. selling
42. If I _______ you $10, when _______ me?
A. lend/ would you repay B. lend/ will you repay
C. lent/ will you repayD. had lent/ would you repay
43. If he_______ hard today, _______ a holiday tomorrow?
A. worked/ can he have B. work/ he can have
C. works/ can he have D. had worked/ he can have
44. Ice_______ into water unless you heat it.
A. don’t turn B. doesn’t turn C. would turn D. would have turned

45. If you_______ this one, I’ll bring you another.
A. doesn’t like B. will not like C. don’t like D. didn’t like
46. Unless you _______ more careful, you_______ an accident.
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A. are/ will have B. were/ will have C. had been/ would have D. be/ have
47. If I tell you a secret, _______ you promise not to tell it to anyone else?
A. would B. did C. will D. have
48. If you_______ what I say, ask your mother.
A. not believe B. not to believe C. didn’t believe D. don’t believe
49. Unless I _______ a quiet room, I_______ not be able to do any work.
A. had/ will B. have/ will C. has/ would have D. had had/ would have
50. She _______ not open the door unless she_______ who it is.
A. will/ knew B. will/ knows C. would/ knew D. does/ knows
51. If I _______ a typewriter now, I_______ this contract by myself.
A. have/ would type B. have/ will type
C. had/ would type D. had had/ would have typed
52. Unless I_______ his address, I’d give it to you.
A. didn’t know B. don’t know C. knew D. know
53. He_______ a lot better if he _______ more often years back.
A. would have looked/ shaved B. will look/ shaved
C. looks/ shave D. would have looked/ had shaved
54. If you_______ for lower stakes, you _______ so much.
A. plays/ would lose B. play/ will have been losing
C. played/ won’t lose D. had played/ wouldn’t have lost
55. Unless he worked more slowly, he_______ so many mistakes.
A. would make B. will make C. wouldn’t make D. won’t make
56. I wouldn’t drink that wine if I_______ you.
A. were B. am C. had been D. be

57. More tourists _______ to this country unless it_______ a better climate now.
A. would come/ had B. wouldn’t come/ had
C. wouldn’t come/ didn’t have D. would come/ didn’t have
58. If you _______ your car into the river, you_______ able to get out.
A. drive/ weren’t B. drove/ wouldn’t be C. drove/ will be D. drive/ wouldn’t be
59. If you_______ to a union, you couldn’t get a job.
A. don’t belong B. are belonging C. had belong D. didn’t belong
60. What _______ if you found a burglar in your house?
A. do you do B. you do C. would you do D. you would do
61. He might get fat unless he_______ smoking.
A. kept on B. stopped C. accepted D. addicted
62. If you_______ someone drowning what would you do?
A. see B. seen C. had seen D. saw
63. I_______ ruined her if I bought her everything she asked for.
A. were B. will be C. would have been D. would be
64. I _______ a job easily if I_______ a degree.
A. could get/ have B. can get/ had C. could get/ had D. can get/ had had
65. The whole machine _______ into pieces if you_______ that screw quickly.
A. felt/ remove B. will fall/ removed C. would fall/ removed D. would fall/ remove
66. I’d go and see him more often if he_______ on a bus route.
A. lives B. lived C. had lived D. living
67. What would you have done if the lift_______ struck between two floors at that time.
A. had got B. got C. gets D. getting
68. If you knew you had only six weeks to live, how _______ such a short span?
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A. did you spend B. will you spend
C. would you spend D. would you have spend
69. I’d climb over the wall if there_______ so much broken glass on top of it.

A. were B. had been C. are D. is
70. Unless I had known that you were in hospital, I_______ you.
A. will visit B. would have visited C. visit D. don’t visit
71. You would have seen my garden at its best if you_______ here last week.
A. were B. are C. had been D. be
72. I shouldn’t have believed it if I_______ it with my own eyes.
A. had seen B. saw C. hadn’t seen D. didn’t see
73. If I_______ a map, I _______ the way to the Post Office.
A. had had/ would have lost B. had had/ wouldn’t have lost C.
had/ won’t lose D. have/ wouldn’t have
74. If I_______ that you were coming, I’d have baked a cake.
A. know B. knew C. had known D. didn’t know
75. Had you left that wasp alone, it_______ you.
A. would have stung B. wouldn’t sting
C. wouldn’t have stung D. would sting
76. Unless I _______ that the traffic lights were red, I_______.
A. had realized/ would have stopped B. had realized/ wouldn’t have stopped C.
realized/ would stop D. realize/ will not stop
77. If you ……… me that he had never paid his debts, I_______ him the money.
A. had told/ wouldn’t have lent B. had told/ wouldn’t have been lent
C. tell/ will not lend D. told/ would lend
78. If you_______ ,he wouldn’t have known that we were there.
A. didn’t sneeze B. won’t sneezed C. doesn’t sneeze D. hadn’t sneezed
79. If you_______ some mustard in the sandwiches, they would have tasted better.
A. put B. puts C. had put D. putting
80. The hens_______ into the house if you had shut the door.
A. couldn’t get B. couldn’t have got C. will not get D. doesn’t get
81. Had he known that the river was dangerous, he_______ to swim across it.
A. would have tried B. would try C. will not try D. wouldn’t have tried
82. _______ more slowly, he might have understood you.

A. Had you spoken B. Did you speak C. If you speak D. If you spoke
83. Or he had known the whole story, he_______ so angry.
A. would have been B. wouldn’t have been C. wouldn’t be D. would be
84. Or you had been in such a hurry, you_______ sugar into the sauce instead of salt.
A. will not put B. would put C. wouldn’t have put D. put
85. If I_______ ready when he called, he would have taken me with him.
A. were B. be C. am D. had been
86. Unless you_______ at the engine for a moment, you would have seen what was missing.
A. hadn’t looked B. didn’t look C. look D. looked
87. Daisy_______ by her enemies or the geese had cackled so loudly.
A. would have been captured B. wouldn’t have been captured C.
will have been captured D. won’t have been captured
88. He would have been arrested by the policemen or he…………………. to leave the country.
A. doesn’t try B. tries C. had tried D. hadn’t tried
89. I_______ a taxi if I _______ that it was a long way.
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