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Period: 1
11C
11C
11C
<b>a. Ordinary verbs</b> (động từ thường)
* <b>Affirmative</b> (thể xác định)
I, you, we, they + bare-infinitive (work, go, swim, .... )
He , she, it + bare-infinitive + S/ES
-Thêm “ES” khi động từ tận cùng là “O” (go → goes), “SS” (miss→ misses), “CH” (watch→
watches), “X” (fix→fixes).
- Động từ tận cùng là “Y” ( trước Y là một phụ âm):
<b>Y→ I + ES </b>
<b>Ex: Study→ studies, carry → carriesv nhưng play→ plays</b>
* <b>Negative</b> (thể phủ định)
I, you, we, they + don’t bare-infinitive
He, she, it + doesn’t bare-infinitive
* <b>Interrogative</b> ( thể nghi vấn)
Do + I, you, we, they + bare-infinitive .... ?
Does + he , she, it + bare-infinitive... ?
<b>b</b>. “to be”
- Afirmative
I + am
I + am not
You, we, they + are not (aren’t )
He, she , it + is not (isn’t)
Am + I ... ?
Are + you, we, they.... ?
Is + he, she , it ... ?
<b>c. “ to have”</b>
I, you, we, they + have
He, she, it + has
<b>Use (cách dùng)</b>
<b>a.</b> Một hành động lặp đi, lặp lại, một thói quen ở hiện tại.
Thường đi với: alway, usually, sometimes/ at times, seldom(ít khi), rarely ( hiếm khi), once,
twice/three times... a week/ a month.... every/ month/ year...
Ex1: Jane goes swimming twice a week.
Ex2: The Bakers are usually at home on Sundays.
<b>b</b>. Một sự thật, một chân lý
Ex1: The sun rises in the East and sets in the West.
Ex2: Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen.
<b>a. </b>Một hành động đang diễn ra tại thời điểm nói.
Thường đi với : now, at the moment, at present, look !, listen ! , Oh!
Ex1:
Look ! she (come)...→ Look ! She is <b>coming</b>.
Ex2:
What... they (do)... now ? → What are they doing now ?
<b>b.</b> Một hành động diễn ra xung quanh thời điểm nói nhưng khơng nhất thiết đang diễn ra ngay lúc
nói.
Ex: I <b>am writing</b> a book
<b>c.</b> Một hành động diễn ra trong một tương lai gần.
Ex: They <b>are going</b> to the cinema tomorrow
Ex: Our parents are at home now. My father <b>is reading </b>a newspaper while my mother <b>is cooking.</b>
<b>c. Interrogative</b>
<b>Am</b> + I + <b>V-ing</b> .... ?
<b>Is</b> + he, she, it +<b>V-ing</b>....?
<b>Are</b> + you, we , they + <b>V-ing</b>... ?
<b>Thì hiện tại hồn thành</b>
<b>a. Affirmative:</b>
I, you, we, they + <b>have + PP</b>
He, she, it + <b>has +PP</b>
Note: PP = past participle (quá khứ phân từ) ( =V-ed: V có quy tắc, =V3: V bất quy tắc)
<b>b. Negative: </b>
I, you, we, the + <b>have not (haven’t) + PP</b>
He, she, it + <b>has not ( hasn’t) + PP</b>
<b>c. Interrogative:</b>
<b>Have</b> + I, you, we, they + <b>P.P</b> .... ?
<b>Has</b> + he, she, it + <b>P.P</b> .... ?
<b>Use </b>
<b>a. </b>Một hành động bắt đầu trong quá khứ nhưng còn tiếp tục đến hiện tại hoặc tương lai.
Thường đi với : since (từ khi); for (được bao lâu).
Ex1: She has lived here since 1987
Ex2: They have swum for 1 hour
<b>b.</b> Một hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ, không xác định rõ thơi gian.
Thường đi với: already, ever... ( before), never... (before), not, yet, several times, many times...
Ex1: She’s been to Japan several times.
Ex2: I have never worked in that company before.
<b>c. </b>Một hành động vừa mới xảy ra.
Thường đi với : lately, just, recently, in recent weeks/ months / years ....
Ex1: My uncle has just come back form Americ
Ex2: They have done the assignment in recent weeks.
11C
<b>* Formula</b>
<b>a</b>.<b> a. Affirmative</b>
<b>Subject + V-ed/ V2 ( V có quy tắc: V+ “ed”; V bất quy tắc; lấy cột thứ 2 trong bảng động từ </b>
<b>bất quy tắc) </b>
<b>b. Negative</b>
<i><b>Subject + did not (didn’t) + bare-infinitive</b></i>
<b>c. Interrogative.</b>
<i><b>Did + subject + bare-infinitive .... ? </b></i>
<b>Note: The simple past form of ‘to be’ </b>
* Affirmative:
You, we, they + <b>were </b>;
I, he, she, it +<b> was</b>
* Negative
You, we, they + <b>were not (weren’t )</b>
* Interrogative
<b>Were</b> + you, we, they .... ?
<b>Was + </b>he, she, it... ?
<b>Use</b>
<b>a. </b>Một hành động đã hồn tất tại một thời điểm nào đó trong q khứ.
Thường đi với: yesterday, last... ( last week, last year....), ... ago (3 days ago, .... ), in 1999, in
1987....
Ex1: She was here yesterday.
Ex2: They didn’t learn Chinese 3 year ago.
<b>b</b>. Một thói quen ở quá khứ.
<b>c.</b> Một hành động đã hoàn tất trong một khoảng thời gian xác định trong quá khứ ( <b>from ... to...</b>)
Ex: From 1981 to 1983, my older brother worked as a journalist
<b>* Formula </b>
* Affirmative
I, he, she, it + <b>was +V-ing </b>
You, we, they + <b>were + V-ing</b>
* Interrogative
<b> Was</b> + I, he, she, it +<b>V-ing ...</b>?
*Negative
I, he , she, it + <b>was not (wasn’t) + V-ing</b>
We, you, they + <b>were not (weren’t) + V-ing</b>
<b>Use</b>
<b>a. </b>Một hành động ( kéo dài) đang diễn ra tại một thời điểm nào đó trong quá khứ.
Thường đi với : this time/ at... yesterday/last ... ( eg. This time last Friday, at 10:00 yesterday... )
Ex1: This time last Friday I <b>was reading</b> a book.
Ex2: We <b>were learing</b> English at 10:00 last Saturday.
<b>b</b>. Một hành động ( kéo dài- bắt đầu trước) đang diễn ra ( <i>past continuous</i>) thì bất ngờ có một hành
động khác diễn ra (<i>simple past</i>).
Ex1: When I <b>came</b> there yesterday, she <b>was cooking</b>.
Ex2: While they <b>were going</b> to school, they<b> saw</b> an accident.
<b>c.</b> Hai hành động đang diễn ra song song tại một thời điểm nào đó trong quá khứ. Thường xuất hiện
trong cấu trúc:
Ex: While I <b>was learning</b> my lesson, they <b>were playing</b> cards.
...
………
.
...
………
...
Period: 3
Affirmative :
S + had + P.P
Interrogative:
had + S + P.P... ?
Negative:
S + had not ( hadn’t) P.P
<b>Use</b>
<b>Thường xuất hiện trong cấu trúc sau:</b>
<b> When + S + simple past ...., S + Past perfect ... ( aleardy) </b>
<b> By the time + S + simple past .... , S + past perfect...</b>
<b> Before + S + simple past...., S + past perfect</b>
<b> After + S + past perfect .... , S + simple past .... </b>
Ex1: When I <b>got</b> there yesterday, the train <b>had already left</b>.
Ex2: By the time police <b>came</b> last night, he thieves <b>had gone away</b>.
Ex3: Before he <b>went</b> to school, he <b>had revised</b> his lesson.
Ex4: After he <b>had revised</b> his lesson, he<b> went</b> to school.
*
I, we + <b>shall/will + bare-infinitive</b>
You, they, he , she, it + <b>will + bare-infinitive </b>
* Negative
I, we + <b>shall not /will not (shalln’t / won’t) + bare-infinitive</b>
You, they, he , she, it + <b>will not (won’t) + bare-infinitive</b>
* Interrogative:
<b>Shall/ will </b>+ I , we + <b>bare-infinitive .... </b>?
<b>Will </b>+ you, he, she, it + <b>bare-infinitive ... </b>?
<b>Use</b>
Thường đi với<b>: tomorrow; next ... eg, next mont, next Friday...., in + một khoảng thời gian</b>
<b>eg.in two weeks ( trong hai tuần nữa) ... in 2010 ... </b>
Ex1: I <b>will leave for</b> Scotland next month
Ex2: They <b>will stay</b> at home tomorrow.
<b>The gerund is used as a subject, a complement, an object of a verb or an object of a preposition</b>
( d<i>anh động từ được sử dụng như một chủ động, bổ túc từ, túc từ của một động từ, hay túc từ của </i>
<i>một giới từ</i>)...
Ex1: Seeing is believing ( S= gerund)
Ex2: Her hobby is listening to music ( complement = gerund)
Ex3: They have finished doing exercises ( object = gerund)
Ex4: We are font of playing football (Object of an preposition = gerund)
<i><b>Note: </b></i>
<b>Danh động từ theo sau các động từ:</b><i>to enjoy, to mind, to avoid, to finish, to practise, to suggest, to</i>
<i>postpone, to delay, to imagine, can’t help/stand...</i>
Lưu ý cách sử dụng của các động từ :
<b>Forget + to-infinitive</b> : <i>quên (sẽ/ phải) làm gì</i>
<i><b> </b></i><b>Forget + ing</b><i><b> : </b>quên đã làm việc gì<b>.</b></i>
Ex1: She forgets being taken to the zoo by her father when she was six
Ex2: Don’t forget to shut the door before leaving.
<b>Remember + to-infinitive :</b><i>nhớ ( sẽ/ phải) làm gì</i>;
<b>Remember + V-ing :</b><i>nhớ đã làm gì</i>
Ex1: They always remember going to cinema together.
Ex2: They remember to have a test on Wendnesday.
<b>Stop + to-infinitive :</b><i>dừng ( một việc) lại để làm gì</i>;
<b> Stop + V- ing : </b><i>dừng làm một việc gì. </i>
Ex1: This moring , I saw Mr.Pike in the street, so I stopped to greet him
Ex2: The teacher asked us to stop talking
<b>Need + to- infinitive:</b><i>cần làm gì </i>( active);
<b>Need + V-ing:</b> c<i>ần được </i>( passive)
Ex1: We need to repair the car.
Ex2: The car needs repairing.
- Lưu ý cấu trúc:
<b>a. S + spend + time + V-ing .... = It + take + s.b + time + to-inf</b>
...
………
.
...
………
...
Period: 4
11C
11C
11C
- Subject – plural noun + plural verb
- Subject = singular noun + singular verb.
(plural : <i>số nhiều,</i> singular: <i>số ít</i>)
Ex1: These Pupils study hard.
Ex2: The book was written by Mark Twain.
<b>Singular verbs (động từ chia ở ngơ thứ 3 số ít) </b>
<b>a. Subject = singular nouns / uncountable nouns</b>
Ex1: This book belongs to me.
Ex2: No news is good news
Ex3: His information is important.
<b>b. Subject = a disease (aids, measless, ....); subject ( mathematics, physics, ...), city/ country</b>
<b>(the United States, Paris. Brussels,...)</b>
Ex1: Paris is a beautiful city
Ex2: Aids is very dangerous.
<b>c. Subject= gerund (phrase), to-infinitive (phrase), clause</b>
<b>d. Subject = a period of time ( 2 days, two weeks, ... ) weight (2 tons) , a distance ( 3</b>
<b>kilometers).</b>
Ex1: 3 hours is a long time for those who are waiting.
Ex2: Five miles means nothing to him
<b>Plural verb (động từ chia ở số nhiều)</b>
<b>a. Subject = plural nouns ( tables, trousers, men , women, .... )</b>
Ex1: Women have been seeking for independence since the middle of this century.
Ex2: The lessons were explained clearly to us
<b>b. Subject = both A and B</b>
Ex1: Both Tom and Mary are busy today
<b>c.Subject= people, cattle, police, the military, the vermin, the clergy,...</b>
Ex: Police have been looking for the man.
<b>d. S= the + adj (the poor, the rich, the homeless, the Vietnamese...)</b>
Ex1: The English drive on the left-hand side of the road
Ex2: The rich are not always happy.
<b>Special cases</b> ( <i>những trường hợp đặc biệt</i>)
<b>a. S= A as well as B, A no less than B, A accopanied by B, A along with B, A supported by B:</b>
<b>verb B</b>
Ex1: Tom (A) as well as his classmates (B) has just come.
Ex2: The president (A) with his sons (B) is in the hall now.
<b>b. S= A or B, neither A nor B, not only A but (also) B, either A or B: verb B</b>
Ex1: Neither Lan (A) nor her classmates (B) have finished the test.
Ex2: Not only Ann (A) but her sisters (B) like sports.
<b>c. Here/there + plural verb + plural noun</b>
<b>Here/ there + singular verb + singular / uncount noun.</b>
Ex1: There is no food left
Ex2: Here come the children.
<b>d. S= a number of + N : plural verb</b>
S= the number of + noun singular verb
Ex1: The number of students in my class is 34
Ex2: A number of students were absent yesterday.
<b>e. Subject = family, company, class, government...</b>
Ex1: His family is rich ( nói chung chung)
...
………
.
...
………
...
Period: 5
11C
11C
11C
Note:
- Đặt từ ở câu chủ động ở thì (tense) hay thể (form) nào thì “be” ở câu bị động ở thì hay thể đó.
- Khi ta khơng xem người thực hiện hành động (does) là quan trọng, thì “ by object” có thể bỏ đi.
( eg. does=personal pronoun: he, she, they, we, .... people; no-one.. )
<b>Example: </b>
<b>a.The simple present</b>
She cleans the floor everyday.
( S + V / Vs / es... )
<b>Passive:</b> The floor is cleaned everyday.
(S + am/is/are/ +PP...)
<b>b.The present continous.</b>
Mr.Baker is repairing the car
<b> Passive:</b> the car is being repaired by Mr Baker. ( S + am/ is/ are + being + PP...)
Someone has stolen the bicycles ( S+ has/have + P.P...)
<b>Passive:</b> The bicycles have been stolen ( S+ has/have + been + PP...)
<b>d.The simple past</b>
Where did they find the drugs ? ( S + V2/ V-ed)
<b>Passive:</b> where were the drugs found ? ( S+ was/ were + PP...)
<b>e.The past continuous</b>
They were preparing luch when I came there yesterday (S+was/were + V-ing .... )
<b>Passive: </b>Luch was being prepared when I came there yesterday.( S+ was/ were + being + PP...)
<b>f. The past perfect </b>
She had written almost ten pages by 3:00 pm. ( S+ had + PP...)
<b> Passive:</b> Almost ten pages had been written by 3:00 p.m (S+ had been + PP...)
<b>g. Will/ would, shall/ should, can/ could, may/might must, have to, be going to, used to, ...</b>
<b>Active: S+ will/would, shall/ should... + bare-infinitive + object</b>
<b>Passive: S + will/would, shall/shoul.... + be + past participle (+ by object).</b>
Ex: Police will destroy these drugs.
<b>Passive:</b> the drugs will be destroyed by police.
<b>Special cases</b>
<b>a</b>. <b>Active: s1+ verb1( say/believe/think....) (that) +S2+verb2...</b>
<b>Cách 1: It + be + PP (verb1) + s2 + verb2 ....</b>
<b>Cách 2: S2+ be+ PP (verb1) + to- infinitive (verb2)...</b>
Ex: People say that he is crazy.
<b>Passive:</b>
It said that he is crazy
He is said to be crazy.
<b>b. Negatives </b>
<b> </b>Ex1: No-one has cleaned the floor lately.
<b> Passive:</b> The floor <b>hasn’</b>t<b> </b> been cleaned lately
Ex2: We <b>didn’t </b>do anything about it.
<b>Passive:Nothing</b> was done about it.
<b>c. Who + V + object ... ? </b>
<b> - Who... by ?</b>
Ex: Who wrote this novel ?
<b>Passive:</b>
<b> </b> - By whom was this novel written ?
- Who was this novel written by ?
<b>d. It + be + adjective + to-infinitive + sth </b>
<i><b>Passive: It + be + adjective + for sth + to be + PP</b></i>
Ex: It is important to finish this exercise.
It is important for this exercise to be finished
<b>e. Bare-infinitive + object</b>
<i><b>Passive: </b></i>
<i><b>Let + object + be + PP</b></i>
<i><b>S + be + allowed / advised/asked/ supposed/ .... + to infinitive</b></i>
Ex1:
Please open the door
Let the door be opened
Ex2:
Turn on the light
You are supposed to turn on the light.
<b>- </b>She + have + sb+ bare-infinitive + st
- S + get + sb + to- infinitive + sth
<i><b>Passive: </b></i>
<b>- </b>S + have + sth + PP
- S + get + sth + PP
Ex1: She has had someone repaint the car
She has had the car repainted
Ex2: They got me to do the housework
They got the housework done.
<b>POPULAR IRREGULAR VERBS</b>
<b> (BẢNG ĐỘNG TỪ BẤT QUY TẮC THÔNG DỤNG)</b>
<b>BASE FORM </b> <b>PAST FORM </b> <b>PAST PARTICIPLE </b>
ARISE AROSE ARISEN
BE WAS / WERE BEEN
BECOME BECAME BECOME
BEAR BORE BORN
BEAT BEAT BEATEN
BEGIN BEGAN BEGUN
BEND BENT BENT
BITE BIT BITTEN
BLEED BLED BLED
BLOW BLEW BLOWN
BREAK BROKE BROKEN
BREED BRED BRED
BRING BROUGHT BROUGHT
BROADCAST BROADCAST BROASTCAST
BUILD BUILT BUILT
BURN BURNT BURNT
BURST BURST BURST
BUY BOUGHT BROUGHT
CATCH CAUGHT CAUGHT
CHOOSE CHOSE CHOSEN
COME CAME COME
COST COST COST
CREEP CREPT CREPT
CUT CUT CUT
DEAL DELT DELT
DIG DUG DUG
DO DID DONE
DRAW DREW DRAWN
DRINK DRANK DRUNK
DRIVE DROVE DRIVEN
EAT ATE EATEN
FALL FELL FALLEN
FEED FED FED
FEEL FELT FELT
FIGHT FOUGHT FOUGHT
FLY FLEW FLOWN
FORBIT FORBATE FORBIDDEN
FORECAST FORECAST FORECAST
FORGET FORGOT FORGOTTEN
FORGIVE FORGAVE FORGIVE
FREEZE FROZE FROZEN
GET GOT GOT
GIVE GAVE GIVEN
GO WENT GONE
GRIND GROUND GROUND
GROW GREW GROWN
HANG HUNG/HANGED HUNG/HANGED
HAVE HAD HAD
HEAR HEARD HEARD
HIDE HIDDEN HIDDEN
HIT HIT HIT
HOLD HELD HELD
HURT HURT HURT
KEEP KEPT KEPT
KNOW KNEW KNEW
LAY LAID LAID
LEAD LED LED
LEAN LEANT LEANT
LEARN LEARNT LEANRT
LEAVE LEFT LEFT
LEND LENT LENT
LET LET LET
LOSE LOST LOST
MAKE MADE MADE
MEAN MEANT MEANT
MEET MET MET
MISTAKE MISTOOK MISTAKEN
OVERCOME OVERCAME OVERCOME
OVERTAKE OVERTOOK OVERTAKEN
PAY PAID PAID
PUT PUT PUT
QUIT QUIT QUIT
READ READ READ
RIDE ROAD RIDDEN
RING RANG RUNG
RISE ROSE RISEN
RUN RAN RUN
SAY SAID SAID
SEE SAW SEEN
SEEK SOUGHT SOUGHT
SELL SOLD SOLD
SEND SENT SENT
SET SET SET
SHAKE SHOOK SHAKEN
SHOOT SHOT SHOT
SHOW SHOWED SHOWN
SHUT SHUT SHUT
SING SANG SUNG
SIT SAT SAT
SLEEP SLEPT SLEPT
SMELL SMELT SMELT
SPEAK SPOKE SPOKEN
SPELL SPELT SPELT
SPEND SPENT SPENT
SPREAD SPREAD SPREAD
STAND STOOD STOOD
STEAL STOLE STOLEN
SWEAR SWORE SWORN
SWEEP SWEPT SWEPT
SWIM SWAM SWUM
TAKE TOOK TAKEN
TEACH TAUGHT TAUGHT
TEAR TORE TORN
TELL TOLD TOLD
THINK THOUGHT THOUGHT
THROW THREW THROWN
UNDERSTAND UNDERSTOOS UNDERSTOOD
WAKE WOKE WAKEN
WEAR WORE WORN
WEEP WEPT WEPT
WIN WON WON
WIND WOUND WOUND
WITHDRAW WITHDREW WITHDRAWN
WRITE WROTE WRITTEN
...
………
.
...
………