Lecture biodiversity

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Biological diversity –

why, what and how?

Anna Bratt

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Lecture disposition

• Why should we
preserve species?

• What species should
we preserve?

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Why?

• Arguments

supportive of

maintaining

biodiversity?

– Ethical

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Ecosystemservices

• May have higher value than timber

– erosion control
– air purifier

– water purifier

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Natural vs unnatural extinction

• Human impact

increase extinction of
species 100-1000

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Education and research

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Red lists – endangered species

• Global and national lists

• Extinction < 50 genetic individuals

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What?

Concept of biological diversity:

• Variety of nature types

• Richness in species of animals, fungi and
plants

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Classification

• Indicator species
• Signal species

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Threatened species in Sweden

• Predators

• Species dependent
on certain land-use or
management

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How is biodiversity influenced?

• Positively?
• Negatively?
• Distance

• Size

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How?

• What has
happended?

• Which species are
worth protection?
• What do these

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Inventories

• Keystone biotope
• Value points

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• Fragmentation

• Treshold values

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Landscape types that promote

diversity

• Varied types, as
mosaic

• Flexible land-use over
time

• More diversity in
unproductive areas
• Missing structures

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Localities that promote diversity

• Warmer temperatures
• More energy

• Great surface area
• Disturbances

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Preserve

• When worth it – exists in other area?
• When habitat can be recreated

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• National parks
• Nature reserves

• Natura 2000

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Regulations

• 1992 UN conference in Rio

– Convention on Bio-diversity 190 countries
• Wetlands

• Migratory animals and birds
• Trade with threatened species

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<b>The 16 environmental quality objectives</b>

1. Reduced Climate Impact
2. Clean Air

3. Natural Acidification Only
4. A Non-Toxic Environment
5. A Protective Ozone Layer
6. A Safe Radiation

Environment

7. Zero Eutrophication
8. Flourishing Lakes and

Streams

10.A Balanced Marine

Environment

11.Thriving Wetlands
12. Sustainable Forests
13. A Varied Agricultural

Landscape

14. A Magnificent Mountain
Landscape

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Ecological

sustainability must

function in

connection with

economical and

social sustainability

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What is meant by ecological

sustainability?

• Promote human health

• Protect biodiversity and nature
values

• Protect cultural historical values

• Monitor long term production of

ecosystems

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