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(SỰ HỊA HỢP GIỮA CHỦ NGỮ VÀ ĐỘNG TỪ)

I. Singular subject: (Chủ từ số ít)

TT CHỦ TỪ SỐ ÍT VÍ DỤ

Indefinite pronouns: (đại từ bất định)

- anybody (anyone), anything, nobody (no one), nothing,
everybody (everyone), everything.

- Something is under the armchair.
- Everyone wants to go home
early.

Uncount nouns: Các chất rắn, chất lỏng, chất khí, danh
từ trừu tượng …..

- water, coffee, tea, milk, oil, soup, gasoline, …
- ice, butter, bread, cheese, meat, gold, glass, …
- steam, smoke, air, oxygen, smog, nitrogen, …
- rice, chalk, dust, flour, grass, salt, sand, sugar, …
- happiness, pollution, love, health, patience, …
- work, homework, advice, information, time, …

Water is very necessary for our life.

Subjects, sports, languages, natural phenomena,
nations, diseases: (Môn học, thể thao, ngôn ngữ, các
hiện tượng tư nhiên, tên các quốc gia, bệnh)

- mathematics, linguistics, statistics, physics, …
- swimming, gymnastics, athletics, tennis, football,
- Chinese, English, Spanish, German, …

- weather, fog, snow, sunlight, smog, lightning, …

- Mathematics is a basic tool.
- Many people take up gymnastics
because it is good exercise.

- English is an international
language to master..

- The fog was very thick.

Số đo lường, lượng tiền, thời gian:
- Ten years, three dollars, …

- Ten kilometres is a long distance
to walk.

- Two million dollars is a large
sum of money.

5 Who/ what làm chủ ngữ : - Who uses English?- What has happened to you?

6 That “Wh-” + Clause làm chủ ngữ: + Clause làm chủ ngữ :

- That he is naughty makes his
father sad.

- What he says is unreliable.

Some determiners: (Một số định từ )
- Each, each of, every, one of, …

- A little, little, much, a great deal of, a large amount of…
- Either , Neither,

- Each student has a pencil.

- There is a little wine in the
bottle.

- They gave a great deal of thought
to their future job.

- Neither of the students is well
prepared.

8 The + N and + N: một người kiêm 2 chức vụ - The assistant and secretary isvery busy now.

9 Hỗn hợp:

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II. Plural subject: (Chủ từ số nhiều)

TT CHỦ TỪ SỐ NHIỀU VÍ DỤ

The + adj:

- The rich, the poor, the disabled, the blind,
- The British, the Vietnamese, the Japanese, ……

- The poor need our help.
- The Vietnamese are very
brave.

2 Danh từ luôn ở dạng số nhiều:- police, cattle, clothes, belongings, wares, .. - The police are looking for themissing child.

3 Some determiners: (một số định từ)- both, many, a few, few, a number of, several, a great
many, a good many, the majority…

- A few books are on the table.
- A number of students in Binh Phu
high school study very well.

III. Types of subject and verb agreement: (Các dạng hoà hợp giữa chủ từ và động từ)

TT NỘI DUNG VÍ DỤ

Hịa hợïp với danh từ sau:

Either ……… or ……… + V ………
Neither ……… nor ……… + V ………
Not only ……… but also ……… + V ………

(Động từ chia dựa vào chủ từ gần nhất đối với động từ)

- Either I or John is going to do the
housework.

- Not only the boy but also his
friends like to play football.

Hoà hợp với danh từ trước:

N

1 + along with +

N

2 +

V

………

as well as
not

- Miss Hang, along with her
friends, wants to meet the boss.
- Nam, not Minh and Lan, has just

come.

IV. Irregular and regular plural nouns: (Dạng danh từ số nhiều có quy tắc và bất qui tắc)

TT DANH TỪ VÍ DỤ

Danh từ số nhiều có qui tắc: (thêm s/es)

- Danh từ kết thúc với: (phụ âm) + y / o , ch, s, x, z, sh

→ theâm: es

- Danh từ số nhiều có qui tắc cịn lại: → thêm “s”

- potato→ potatoes, study→ 
studies

- watch→ watches, fox→ foxes 
- pupil→ pupils, display→ 
displays

- language → languages

Danh từ số nhiều bất qui tắc:
- oo → ee

- a → e

- um → a

- us → i

Danh từ số nhiều và số ít không thay đổi:

sheep : con cừu, deer: con nai, fish: con cá (fishes: các
loài cá), series: loạt, tập truyện nhiều kỳ, offspring:
(chim, thú) con

- tooth → teeth, goose → geese
- man → men, woman → women
- bacterium → bacteria

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(TỪ NỐI CÂU)

I. Present and Future: (Hiện tại và tương lai)

T TỪ NỐI CÁCH DÙNG THÌ VÍ DỤ

1

when

- Thói quen ở hiện

tại S. Present + when + S. Present

- She usually listens to
music when she is
stressed.

- Hành động nối

tieáp S. Future + when + S. Present - They will send me apostcard when they
arrive in Paris.

- Nhaán mạnh hành

động sau when S. Future + when + Pr. Perfect

- We will go when we
have done our
homework.

2

until

- Hành động sẽ làm
cho đến khi hành
động sau xảy ra.

S. Future + until + S. Present - We will wait until he
comes.

- Nhấn mạnh mệnh
đề với until đã

hoàn tất.

S. Future + until + Pr. Perfect - I will come and see
you as soon as I’ve
finished my work.

3

as soon as

- 2 hành động kế

tieáp S. Future + as soon as + S.Present

- Nam will go to
university as soon as
he graduates from
high school.

- Nhấn mạnh sự
hoàn tất của mệnh
đề với as soon as

S. Future + as soon as + Pr.
Perfect

- The boy will buy a
big dictionary as soon
as he has saved
enough money.

4

after

- Thoùi quen S. Present + after + Pr. Perfect - He often brushes his
teeth after he has had
lunch.

5

by the

time

- Hđ hoàn tất trước
1 hđ khác trong
tương lai.

Future Perfect + by the time + S.
Present

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II. Past: (Quá khứ )
T

T TỪ NỐI CÁCH DÙNG THÌ VÍ DỤ

1

when

- Hđ hồn tất trước

hđ khác. P. Perfect + when + S. Past

- When I arrived,

John had gone
away. ( I didn’t see
John)

- Hđ nối tiếp.

- Thói quen trong
q khứ.

S. Past + when + S. Past When I arrived,
John went away.
(John was angry
with me, so he went
away when he saw
me)

- She spent much
money when she
was young.

- Hành động dài,

hành động ngắn Past Cont + when + S. Past - They were havinglunch when he
visited them.

2

while

- Hđ ngắn, hđ dài S. Past + while + Past Cont - He came in while I
was singing.

- 2 hành động dài Past cont + while + Past Cont - My mother was
reading a book
while we were
playing football.

3

until

- Hđ trước và kéo
dài cho đến hành
động của mệnh đề
sau

S. Past + until + S. Past - He read the book
until he was tired.
- Nhấn mạnh

mệnh đề với until
đã hoàn tất.

S. past + until + P. Perfect - We went on
working until we
finished the job.

4

as soon as

- 2 hành động kế

tieáp S. Past + as soon as + S. Past

- Mary told me the
news as soon as she
came to my flat.
- nhấn mạnh sự

hoàn tất của mệnh
đề với as soon as

S. past + as soon as + P. Perfect - A stranger walked
into his room as
soon as he had gone
out.

5

after

- Hđ trước, hđ sau S. Past + after + P. Perfect - He left after hehad written the
report.

6

before

by the time

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(ĐẠI TỪ QUAN HỆ- MỆNH ĐỀ TÍNH TỪ)

I. General rule: (Nguyên tắc chung)

1. Who:

We meet the man. He is a professor.
 We meet the man who is a professor.

S
2. Whom:

She talked to the boy. We met him in the zoo.
She talked to the boy whom we met in the zoo.

3. which:

a. He shouted at the dog. It barked loudly.

 He shouted at the dog which barked loudly.
S

b. The dog barked loudly. He called it.
 The dog which he called barked loudly.

4. Whose + N: thay thế cho tính từ sở hữu (his / her / their ...)

a. The teacher was angry. The students didn’t pay attention to his lesson.
 The teacher whose lesson the students didn’t pay attention to was angry.

b. Do you know the woman? Her son has lost.
 Do you know the woman whose son has lost?

5. That: thay thế cho: Who, whom, which … (that không thể theo sau dấu phẩy hoặc giới từ)
The girl won the championship. She was really talented.

 The girl that (= who) was really talented won the championship.
6. Where: thay thế cho trạng từ (here/ there) hoặc cụm giới từ chỉ nơi chốn.
(where = in which/ at which)

a) This is the town. I was born in the town.
(Adv. of place)
 This is the town in which I was born.
or: This is the town where I was born.
b) Do you know the village? He lived there.
Do you know the village where he lived?
Lưu ý: Trường hợp dưới đây phải dùng “which”

Ex: This is the town. I like it best.  This is the town which I like best.

7. When: thay thế cho cụm danh từ chỉ thời gian hoặc “then” (when = at which/ on which)
National day is the day. Our nation was completely liberated on that day.

 National day is the day when our nation was completely liberated.
8. Why : thay thế cho cụm từ “ for the reason/ for this reason / for that reason”

Does he know the reason? He left for that reason.
 Does he know the reason why he left?

9. It’s …… that/ who + clause: chính … (cấu trúc nhấn mạnh)

NGƯỜI VẬT

Subject WHO WHICH

Object WHOM WHICH

Possessive

adjective WHOSE WHOSE/ OF WHICH
THA

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a) Peter must clean the window

 It’s Peter who/ that must clean the window.
b) Your dog bit the old man.

 It was your dog that bit the old man. (không được dùng which trong trường hợp này)
c) They were captured because he was incompetent

It was because he was incompetent that they were captured.

 Tuyệt đối khơng được phép dùng WHICH trong hình thức nhấn mạnh.

(SO SÁNH TRONG TIẾNG ANH)

1. Tính từ ngắn và tính từ dài :

a) Tính từ ngắn :

- tính từ đơn âm: long , short, big, hot, fat ..

- tính từ có hai âm kết thúc là: -er, -ple, -ow, -iet , phụ âm + - y.
Ex: happy, clever, simple, narrow, quiet, …

b) Tính từ dài : là tính từ có hai âm trở lên. (careful, dangerous …)
2. Types : (loại)

Equal 
(baèng)

S1 + V + as + adj / adv + as + S2 + aux

S1 + negative V + as/ so + adj/adv + as + S2 + aux

Comparative
(hôn)

S1 + V + more + adj / adv(daøi) + than + S2 + aux
S1 + V + adj / adv(ngaén) + er + than + S2 + aux
Superlative

(nhaát)

S + V + the most + adj / adv(dài)
S + V + the + adj / adv (ngắn) +est
Ex: She is as beautiful as her mother (is).
She isn’t so/as careful as her mother (is).
He drives more carefully than his friend (does).
Tam studies the hardest in his class.

3. Special : (đặc biệt)

Less + adj / adv + than : ít hơn.

Ex: This book is less expensive than that one.

4. Double comparison : (So sánh kép) (…Càng … càng …)
a)

The more + adj + S + V,

(daøi) the more + adj + S + V (daøi)
The + adj + er + S + V ,

(ngaén) the + adj + er + S + V (ngaén)
Ex: The more beautiful she is, the more modest she becomes.

The harder he studies, the wiser he becomes.
b)

S + V

twice
three times

four times
half

as + adj / adv + as ….

as + much (N) as …
as + many ( N) as …
Ex: She swims twice as fast as I (do).

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c) More and more + adj. (daøi) : càng nhiều
Adj (ngaén) + er and adj (ngaén) + er : caøng …

Ex: Life in the city is more and more stressful.
They work harder and harder.

5. Tính từ bất qui tắc:

TT Trạng từ bấtTính từ/
quy tắc

SO
SÁNH

HƠN

SO SÁNH

NHẤT NGHĨA

1 bad/ badly worse worst Tệ, dở

2 good/ well better best Giỏi

3 much /many more most Nhiều

4 little less least ít

5 far fartherfurther farthestfurthest Xa (k. cách) Hơn (t. tin)
6 old olderelder oldesteldest Lớn (chung)Lớn (anh, chị)
Ex: Ms. Anh is better at cooking than Ms. Nhung.

(DẠNG BỊ ĐỘNG)

I. General rule : (Công thức chung)

S + V + O

(Active)

(BE : chia theo thì của câu chủ động)
Ex: - She usually takes my car.

→ My car is usually taken by her.

- He has sent his son to another school.

→ His son has been sent to another school.

II. Active  Passive : (Chủ động sang bị động)

1 V1 am / is / are + V3/ed

2 V2/ed was / were + V3/ed

3 am/ is / are + Ving am/ is /are + being + V3/ed

4 was / were + Ving was/ were + being + V3/ed

5 has / have + V3/ed has/ have + been + V3/ed

6 had + v3/ed had + been + V3/ed

will / would

can / could + VInf.
may / might

must

will/ would

can/ could + be + V3/ed
may/ might (nguyên mẫu)
must

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be going to

have to + V Inf.
used to

be going to

have to + be + V3/ed
used to (nguyên mẫu)
9 have + sb + V Inf. + sth have + sth + V3/ed + .. +(by +sb)
10

get + sb + to + V Inf. + sth
ask

tell

get + sth + V3/ed + .. + (by sb)
(chỉ được dùng get)

give
bring

buy + sb + sth
lend

show

given
brought

sb + be + bought + sth.
lent

shown
12

give
bring

buy + sth + prep + sth
lend

show

given
brought

sth + be + bought + prep. + sth
lent

shown
13 seehear + O + Ving

smell

seen

S+ be + heard + Ving
smelt

14 seehear + O + V Inf.
smell

seen

s + be + heard + to + V1
smelt

15 make + O + V Inf. s + be + made + to + V1

16 let + sb + V1 + sth. sb + be + allowed + to + V1
17 sb + need + to +V Inf. + sth. sth + need + Ving

want

S +
say
think
believe
report
rumour
assume

 

 

 

 

 

+ (that) + S’ + V … : Người ta nói rằng … (S = people/ they)

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 It + be +
said
thought
believed
reported
rumoured
assumed

 

 

 

 

 

+ (that) + S’ + V …

 S’ + be +
said
thought
believed
reported
rumoured
assumed

 

 

 

 

 

+ to + V Inf. (hai hành động tương đồng/ xảy ra sau)

hoặc: to + have + V3/ed (hành động 2 xảy ra trước)

Ex: - People say that he is lazy. → It is said he is lazy.

→ He is said to be lazy.

- They think that Peter died. → It is thought that Peter died.

→ Peter is thought to have died.

III. Causative form: (Dạng cầu khieán)

1. S + have + sb + V Inf. + sth : nhờ ai làm gì
S + have + sth + V3/ed … (by + O):

Ex: She has me carry the luggage. → she has her luggage carried.
2. S + get + sb + to + V Inf. : nhờ ai … làm gì

S + get + sth + V3/ed ….. (by + O) :

Ex: They got us to wash the floor. → They got the floor washed.

IV. Need / Want:

S (vật) + need + Ving : cần được
 want

Ex: The house needs fixing/ to be fixed.
The paint wanted painting.

(

CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT)

I. Statement: (Câu phát biểu (thuộc dạng câu khẳng định và phủ định)
SAID

TOLD + O (THAT) + V (đổi thì)

Ex: - He said, “I like football.”

→ He said that he liked to play football.

- “Tom will fly to Paris next week,” said Miss Hoa.

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II. Commands or Requests: (Câu yêu cầu (thuộc dạng mệnh lệnh hoặc yêu cầu))

TOLD
ASKED
BEGGED
ORDERED

URGED
ADVISED

to + V Inf.
not + to + V Inf.

Ex: She said to him, “Come in, please” → She told him to come in.

“Don’t make noise, Tom” said the mother. → The mother asked Tom not to make noise.

III. Questions: (Dạng câu hỏi)

S WONDEREDASKED + O
WANTED TO KNOW

if / whether

(yes/ no question) S + V
(đổi thì)
“Wh” / how

(wh-question)

Ex: She said to me, “Will she come?” → She asked me if/ whether she would come.
“Where do you live?” asked the foreigner. → The foreigner asked me where I lived.

IV. Các dạng khác:

1. Let’s + VInf. … // Why don’t we + VInf. …// What about + Ving … → S + suggested + Ving …
Ex: He said, “Let’s have a drink.” → He suggested having a drink.

Timmy said, “ Why don’t we go on a picnic” → Timmy suggested going on a picnic.

2. Why don’t you + VInf. …?// S + should + V1 … → S + advised + O + to + Vinf.

Ex: She said to him, “ Why don’t you go to the doctor?” → She advised him to go to the doctor

 Lưu ý :

1. Converting tenses and adverbs of time, place: (Biến đổi thì, trạng từ chỉ thời gian, nơi chốn)

TRỰC TIẾP TƯỜNG THUẬT TRỰC TIẾP TƯỜNG THUẬT

- V1 (s/es) → V2 /ed

- V2/ed → had + V3/ed
- has/ have + V3/ed → had + V3/ed
- am/ is/ are + Ving → was / were + Ving

- can → could + V Inf.
- will → would + V Inf.
- may → might + V Inf.
- must → (must) / have to

- have to → had to

- had + V3/ed → had + V3/ed

- yesterday → the previous day/

the day before
- last night → the previous night /

the night before
- two years ago → two years before

- today → that day
- tonight → that night

- tomorrow → the following day/

the day after/
the next day
- next year → the following year

- this → the year after

- these → those

- here → there

- now → then

2. Các trường hợp khơng đổi thì:

a) Khi động từ tường thuật ở hiện tại, hiện tại hoàn thành hoặc tương lai.
Ex: My mother says to me, “You are my little pet.”

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b) Câu trưc tiếp diễn đạt một chân lý hoặc sự thật hiển nhiên.
Ex: Galileo said, “ The earth goes around the sun.”
→ Galileo said (that) the earth goes around the sun.

c) Thì quá khứ đơn đã rõ thời gian.

Ex: Tom said to me, “ My grandfather died in 1990.”

→ Tom told me that his grandfather died in 1990.

d) Câu điều kiện loại 2, 3 và cấu trúc “used to”.

Ex: “ If I had much money, I would travel around the world.” Said the boy.

→ The boy said if he had much money he would travel around the world.

(

DANH ĐỘNG TỪ VAØ ĐỘNG TỪ NGUYÊN MẪU)

I. Động từ đi với gerund: (V-ing)

admit : thừa nhận, chấp nhận
* allow : cho phép

anticipate : liệu trước
* advise : khuyên

appreciate : đánh giá cao

avoid : tránh

be worth : đáng (được)
can’t help : khơng thể tránh
complete : hồn thành

consider : xem xét, cân nhắc

defer : hỗn lại

delay : trì hỗn

deny : phủ nhận

dislike / detest : không thích

dread : sợ

encourage : khuyến khích

enjoy : thích

escape : thoát khỏi, tránh

fancy : thích

finish : hồn thành

forgive : tha thứ

encourage : khuyến khích
imagine : tưởng tượng

involve : bao gồm, liên quan
keep : giữ

mention : đề cập
miss : bỏ lở
not mind : không ngại
* permit : cho phép

postpone : trì hỗn
practise : luyện tập
resent : phật ý, oán
recollect : hồi tưởng
risk : liều lĩnh
* recommend : khuyên bảo

spend : dùng, trãi qua

suggest : gợi ý, đề nghị
* teach : dạy

tolerate : chịu đựng, tha thứ
understand : hiểu

 Lưu y ù: Những động từ có dấu *, theo sau nó ta có thể dùng V-ing/ To- infinitive (Tùy theo tình 
huống).

Ex: She admitted stealing his money.
This job involves meeting people.

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II. Động từ theo sau là V-ing hay to-infinitive : (Không làm thay đổi nghĩa)
begin / start : bắt đầu

can’t bear : không thể chịu đựng
can’t stand : không thể chịu đựng
continue : tiếp tục

dread : kinh sợ

hate : ghét
like : thích
love : yêu
neglect : lơ là
prefer : thích hơn

Ex: She began working / to work on the project.

III. Động từ theo sau là V-ing hoặc To-infinitive: (Thay đổi nghĩa)

Forget : quên Don’t forget to send me a postcard. (quên để làm)
I will never forget working with you. (quên đã làm)
Remember : nhớ Remember to do your homework. (nhớ để làm)

Do you remember meeting the president last year? (nhớ đã làm)
Stop: ngưng He stopped to smoke when he was driving. (ngưng để làm)
Try + to-Inf : cố gắng

Try + Ving : thử We tried to win the game, but we failed.Have you ever tried windsurfing?
Mean + to-inf : muốn

Mean + Ving : nghóa là I mean to take a trip to Canada.A trip to Da Lat means spending much money.
Regret + to-inf : rất tiếc

Regret + Ving : hối hận

We regret to say that your application can’t be accepted.
He regrets not lending me some money.

IV. Động từ theo sau là VInf:

Make: khiến
Let : cho phép
Have : nhờ
Help : giúp đỡ

My mother makes me study.
They let him go.

I had him wash my car.

Advertising helps (to) sell more products.

( CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN)

I. Dạng phổ biến:

Type (loại) If clause (Mệnh đề IF) Main clause (Mệnh đề chính)
Possible future (I) S + V1(s/es) S + will + V Inf.

Untrue present (II) S + V2/ed / were S + would + V Inf.
Untrue past (III) S + had + V3/ed S + would have + V3/ed

Ex: If she takes a taxi, she will come on time.
If I were you, I would tell her the truth.

If I had studied hard, I would have passed the exam.
II. Dạng đảo ngữ:

Type (loại) If clause ( Mệnh đề If ) Main clause (Mệnh đề chính)
Possible future Should + S + V Inf.… S + will + V Inf.

Untrue present Were + S + adj/ NP …
Did + S + V Inf. …

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III. Dạng rút gọn:

Type (loại) If clause (Mệnh đề If ) Main clause (Mệnh đề chính)

Untrue present But for + NP

Without + NP S + would + V Inf.

Untrue past S + would have + V3/ed

Ex: If it hadn’t been for his help, we wouldn’t have succeeded.

→ But for his help, we wouldn’t have succeeded.

 Mệnh đề chỉ mục đích là mệnh đề bắt đầu bằng SO THAT hoặc IN ORDER THAT dùng để nói
lên mục đích của một hành động.

Example: These students tried to study English hard so that/ in order that they could go abroad.
Cấu trúc:

… SO THAT/ IN ORDER THAT + S +
can
could
will
would

 

 

 

 

 

+ V-infinitive …

Lưu ý: Khi nối hai câu (hai mệnh đề độc lập) lại với nhau sử dụng mệnh đề chỉ mục đích, ta cần
để ý:

- Nếu hai câu đã cho có cùng chủ từ và ở câu thứ hai sau động từ “WANT” khơng có túc từ thì ta
có thể dùng “ IN ORDER TO/ IN ORDER NOT TO + V-infinitive”.

Example: She opened all the windows. She wanted to get cool.
 She opened all the windows in order to get cool.

- Nếu hai câu đã cho có cùng chủ từ và sau động từ “WANT” có túc từ thì ta lấy túc từ làm chủ từ
cho mệnh đề chỉ mụch đích và chỉ dùng so that/ in order that mà thôi.

Example: I don’t come there early. I don’t want him to meet me.
 I don’t come there early so that he won’t meet me.

( QUEN VỚI – TỪNG)

a) To be used to/ To get used to + Noun/ V-ing … : dùng để diễn tả sự thích nghi.
Ex: I am used to the weather here. (Tôi quen thuộc với thời tiết ở đây)

My father is used to getting up early in the morning to have tea or coffee.

b) Used to + V-infinitive : dùng để diễn tả thói quen trong quá khứ và chấm dứt hoàn toàn.
Ex: I used to smoke a box of cigarettes a day, but now I don’t smoke any longer.

(MẠO TỪ)

1. Vị trí: Đứng truớc danh từ bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đó.
2. Mạo từ: a / an / the

a. Mạo từ: “a /an” được gọi là mạo từ bất định.
Ex: He is a good student.

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b. Mạo từ “the”: được gọi là mạo từ xác định.
Ex: I met a boy. The boy is very lazy.
* Cách dùng:

- Dùng trước vật tồn tại duy nhất: the sun, the earth, the moon, …

- Tên sông , tên biển: the Long Binh River, the Thames, the Missouri River, the Panama
Canal, the Black Sea, the Pacific (Ocean), the Atlantic, the Arctic, the Indian, …

- Tên các dãy núi, hòn đảo, quốc gia liên hợp: the Alps, the Himalayas, the British Islands, the
United States, the Philippines, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, …

- Dùng truớc tính từ chỉ một tập hợp người: the rich, the poor, the disabled, the blind, the old,
the Vietnamese, the British, …

- Trước tính từ so sánh nhất: the most beautiful girl, the earliest comer, …

- Cụm ngữ: The + N + of + the/our + N

Ex: The date of the meeting : ngày họp

The problems of overpollution: các vấn đề về quá ô nhiễm

(GIỚI TỪ)

I. Giới từ chỉ thời gian:
1. IN: (vào lúc, trong vòng)

Cách dùng: - tháng, năm, mùa, buổi, khoảng
thời gian

IN September
1990

the morning / the afternoon / the evening
spring

the next few years
the night

three weeks
fifteen minutes
2. AT: (vào lúc)
AT 2 o’clock

night /noon / midnight
weekend

that time
lunch(time)
present
Christmas
the moment
the age of 18
3. ON: (vào lúc)
 ON Tuesday
July 7th
that day

Thursday afternoon
the morning of the 8th

 Cụm thời gian không cần giới từ:
last night tomorrow morning
this week these days

next year nowadays
every day today
yesterday tonight

 Cụm từ có hoặc khơng có giới từ:
(on) that day

(in) the previous day
(on) the following Sunday
II. Giới từ chỉ nơi chốn:

1. IN: (trong)

IN the room
the schoolyard
London

the box (hộp)
2. AT: (kế, tại)

AT the door
the library
the theatre
the table
home
school
sea (đi biển)
3. ON: trên

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Christmas day
holiday(s)

4. From … to … : (Từ … đến …)

5. during the show : trong buoåi trình diễn
6. for + ktg : trong

7. since 1998 : kể từ

8. by Friday : trước thứ sáu
9. over eight years : hơn tám năm

the ceiling
table

4. in front of my house : trước nhà tôi
behind the park : đằng sau công viên
opposite the bank : đối diện ngân hàng
above the picture : trên bức tranh
below the paragraph : duới đoạn văn
under the chair : dưới ghế dựa

between Asia and America : giữa (hai vật)
among the trees : giữa các cây (3 trở lên)
over the village: trên (chuyển động, bao phủ)
across the street : băng ngang qua đường

(AO ƯỚC)

Type (loại) Main clause ( Mệnh đề

chính ) Wish clause (Mệnh đề ao ước)
Possible future

S + wish (ed)

S + would / could + V Inf.

Untrue present S + V2/ed / were

S + were + Ving

Untrue past S + had + V3/ed

Ex: She wishes she could visit London.
I wish I were a president.

They wish they hadn’t stayed up late yesterday.
14.

It + takes / took/ will take + (O ) + Ktg + to-inf … (ai) … mất khoảng thời gian để …
S + spend / spent + Ktg + (in) + Ving … trải qua khoảng thời gian làm gì
S + spend / spent + Ktg + on + Sth tiêu xài về

Ex: It takes me 2 hours to do homework every day.
I spend 2 hours doing homework every day.
15.

It + is/ was + adj + (for O ) + to-inf …

Vieäc …
Ving … + is / was + adj …

To-inf + is / was + adj …

Ex: It is very important (for us) to study English. ( Học tiếng anh rất quan trọng)
To study English is very important.

Studying Eglish is very important.
16.

It’s +

nice

polite
kind

considerable

 

 

 

 

 

+ of + sb + to-Inf …

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17. The extra object IT: ( Tân ngữ phụ IT)

S + in

think
make
believe

f d
prove
consider
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

+ it + Adj./ Pronoun + To- infinitive ……

: nghĩ rằng
: nhận định
: tin rằng
: tìm thấy
: chứng tỏ
: xem như
Ex: He finds it difficult to do maths.

My sister made it her duty to do housework.
18. so/ such … that…: (… quá … đến nỗi mà …)

S + V

so + adj / adv + that + S + V … : quá .. đến nỗi …
such + (a / an) + adj + N + that + S +V … : quá .. đến nỗi…

so many + adj + N + that + S +V … : quá nhiều (count noun) …

so few : quá ít (count noun) …

so much : quá nhiều (uncount) …

so little : quá ít( uncount) …
Ex: The weather was so cold that we couldn’t go out.

It was such cold weather that we couldn’t go out.
There are so many people that we can’t find Tom.
He ate so much meat that he got fat.

So little water is there that people couldn’t leave here.
b) Đảo ngữ:

So + adj + be + S that + S + V ….. Quá … đến nỗi …
S + V + so + adj + a / an + N + that S + V …..

Ex: - So cold was the weather that we couldn’t go out.

- It is so beautiful a dress that Mary wants to buy it at once.
19.

It is +

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
tan
obligatory
impor t
urgent
necessary

+(that) + S + (should) + V Inf. …

: bắt buộc
: quan trọng
: cấp bách
: cần thiết
Ex: It is important that he (should) study hard.

It is urgent that the government ban cars from the city center.
20.
 S + 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 ... 
suggest
demand
urge
advise
order

+ that + S + (should ) + V Inf. …

: gợi ý, đề nghị
: yêu cầu
: thúc giục
: khuyên bảo
: ra lệnh
Ex: He advised that we should keep the gate locked.

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21. too … to / enough:

S + V + too + adj / adv (for O) + to-inf … : quá … nên không thể …
S + V + adj / adv + enough (for +O) + to-inf … : đủ … để ...

S + V + enough + N + ( for + O ) + to-inf … : đủ … để …
Ex: The water was too hot for us to drink.

It is too late for us to do it now.

The small boy had enough money to buy the toy car.
He worked hard enough to pass the exam.

22. No sooner …… than…: (ngay khi … thì, vừa mới … thì …)
a)

S + had

no sooner + V3/ed + than + S + V2/ed
hardly + V3/ed + when + S + V2/ed
barely

scarcely

Ex: He had no sooner come home than the boss rang him.

I had hardly locked the door when I realized that I had left the key inside.

b) Đảo ngữ: Khi các từ/ cụm từ mang nghĩa phủ định đặt ở đầu câu thì phải có sự đảo ngữ giữa chủ 
ngữ và động từ nhằm làm tăng giá trị ngữ pháp của câu.

No sooner had + S + V3/ed than + S + V2/ed
Hardly

Barely
Scarcely

had + S + V3/ed when + S + V2/ed
Ex: No sooner had the boss got to the office than the rain began to fall.

Hardly had he come home when he realized that someone broken into his house.
23.

Much
Adj. / Adv.

as + S1 +V,

S + V2/ed Mặc dù
though + S1 + V,

Ex: Much as I admired him, she didn’t like his behavior.
Hard as he studied, he couldn’t pass the exam.
24.

Speculating events in the past Dạng phán đoán (về quá khứ)
S + should have + V3/ed Đáng lẽ nên

S + would / could + have + V3/ed Có lẽ đã
S + might have + V3/ed Có lẽ đã
S + can’t have + V3/ed Không thể đã

Ex: I shouldn’t have stayed up last night. ( I stayed up last night and now I regret)
The woman might have gone home.

25. As if / as though: (giá như)

S + V

as if
as though
(dường như)

không thật

S + V2/ed (HT)
S + had + V3/ed (QK)

Ex: She talked as if she were my mother.

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26.

This/ That / It is the first time + S + have / has + V3 … Đây là lần đầu tiên …
S + haven’t / hasn’t + V3/ed + such + a / an + adj + N (before) Chưa bao giờ …… trước đây.

Ex: It is the first time I have eaten such a delicious meal.
 I haven’t eaten such a delicious meal.

I haven’t eaten such a more delicious meal than this.
27.

It’s (high / about) time + for + O + to-Inf. : đã đến lúc …
It’s (high / about) time + S + V2/ed

Ex: It’s high time for you to study English harder.
It’s high time you went to work.

28.

The last time + S + V2/ed … + was + Ktg ago Lần cuối cùng …
S + haven’t / hasn’t + V3/ed … for + Ktg Không …… khoảng

Ex: The last time we visited to the zoo was 5 years ago.
 We haven’t visited the museum for 5 years.

The last time + S + V2/ed … was + in + 1990 Lần cuối cùng …
S + haven’t / hasn’t + V3/ed ….. since 1990 Không … kể từ …
Ex: The last time we met him was in 1990.

 We haven’t met him since 1990.
29.

Due to

+ Ving / NP

Do
Nhờ
Bởi vì
Owing to

Thanks to
Because of

Ex: The train was late due to the storm.

Owing to his help we managed to put out the fire.
Because of working hard, he passed all the exams.
30.

Would you mind + V-ing / Noun phrase? Phiền bạn / ông …?
How about

+ V-ing / Noun phrase? Thế còn … thì sao ?
What about

Ex: Would you mind not smoking here?
How about (having) some biscuits?
31. S + prefer + Ving / sth + to + Ving / sth

S + prefer + to-inf + than + to-inf … : thích hơn
Ex: They prefer swimming to playing football.

I prefer to cook than (to) clean the floor.
32. It’s +  

 

no good

nouse + V-ing : vô ích (để làm gì)
33. There is no point in + V-ing : vơ ích để

34. There is a ban on + sth : caám

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35. S + have no / the intention …    


 inf 

of V ing

to initive : (không) có ý định …
Ex: She has no intention of choosing this job.

The young girl had the intention to collect stamps.
36. S + would rather + (not) + VInf. (HT) : muốn, thích
S + would rather +V Inf. ...+ than +V Inf. …(HT) : thích … hơn
S + would rather + (not) + have + V3/ed (QK) : thích, muốn
S + would rather + S + V2/ed / were +… (HT)

S + would rather + S + had + V3/ed + … (QK)
Ex: - She would rather go to the cinema.
- I would rather watch TV than go out.

- We would rather not have told her about that.

- The boy would rather his father allowed him to stay up late.
- She would rather he had phoned her last week.

37. Giới từ theo sau động từ hoặc tính từ:

thank sb for + Ving : cám ôn ai veâ
apologize to sb for + Ving / sth : xin loãi

be afraid of : e sợ

be amazed at / by : ngạc nhiên
be annoyed with sb at / about sth : bực, tức

be aware of : nhận biết

be bored with : chán

be clever at : khéo léo, linh hoạt

be crowded with : đông đúc

be excited at / about : hứng thú

be famous for : noåi tiếng

be fed up with : chán

be fond of : thích

be good/ bad at : giỏi về

be interested in : say mê
be involved in : liên quan
be keen on : say mê
be proud of : tự hào
be responsible  

 

for something

to somebody : chịu trách nhiệm về / chịu trách nhiệm báo cáo

be satisfied with : thoả mãn

be short of : thiếu
be skilled at / in : khéo léo
be successful in : thành công
be surprised at / by : ngạc nhiên
be tired of : chaùn

from : mệt vì (kết quả)
be worried about : lo laéng

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look forward to + V-ing / sth: mong moûi
look after : chăm sóc

look at : nhìn vào

pick sb / sth up : đón ai , nhặt cái gì
prevent sb from + Ving / sth: ngăn chặn
protect sb from / against sth: bảo vệ

provide … sb with sth : cung cấp gì cho ai
remind sb of + Ving / sth: gợi nhớ

run out ( of sth) : cạn kiệt

stay up : thức khuya

take care of : chăm sóc
talk / speak to sb : noùi

tell sb (about) sth : báo, nói với

belong to : thuộc về

38.

break out : bùng nổ

call off : huỷ bỏ

get rid of : vứt bỏ

give up : boû

go away : ñi xa

go for a walk : ñi daïo

go off : nổ, nhã đạn,reo

go out : tắt ( lửa , đèn)

go over : xem kyõ

go shopping / fishing / swimming : ñi mua sắm/ câu cá/ bơi
have (no / any ) difficulty + Ving : gặp khó khăn

put off : trì hỗn

take part in : tham gia

take place : dieãn ra

turn on / off : mở/ tắt

39. It was not until + S + V2/ed that S’ + V2/ed
Not until + S + V2/ed .. + did + S’ + V Inf. …

Ex: It was not until he spoke that she recognized him.
Not until he spoke did she recognize him.

40. Be about to –inf : saép
Be on the point of + Ving : saép
41.

 

 

 

 

 

seem
look

feel

+ Adj. : dường như, trơng có vẽ, cảm thấy
42.

- accuse sb of ving / sth : tố cáo
- agree with sb about/ on sth: đồng ý
- agree with sth : đồng ý ( với ý kiến)

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- belong to : thuộc về
- borrow sth from sb : mượn

- complain (to sb) about sth: phàn nàn ai
đó về …

- concentrate on : taäp trung

- congratulate sb (on sth): chúc mừng ai đó
về …

- consider sb as sth : xem …
- depend on : phụ thuộc, dựa vào
- die of sth : chết vì
- divide sth into … : chia thành

- dream about / of : mô

- happen to sb / sth : xảy ra (với)

- hear of sth / sb : nghe nói về
from sb : nhận tin từ
- laugh at : cười nhạo

- leave (somewhere) for somewhere: rời …
đến …

- live on sth : sống nhờ vào
- regard A as B : xem A như B
- search (sw) for sth : tìm, lục
- suffer from : đau khổ
- think of / about : nghĩ về
- translate sth into sth : dịch … sang

- wait for : chờ

43. There + be + N + … left/ available : có cái gì sẵn có, còn lại
Ex: There is no tea left.

There are no seats available.

44. It was when / while/ because + clause+ that + clause : chính lúc, chính là
Ex: It was while he was driving a car that he saw an UFO.

45. S+ learned /began / started + to-inf when + S + V2/ed
 S + has /have + V3/ed … since + S + V2/ed

Ex: He started to learn English when he was 5 years old.
 He has learned English since he was 5 years old.
46. No one / No + N + V + so / as + adj / adv + as + S2
 S2 + negative V + the + most + adj / adv (daøi) …

Adj / adv (ngaén) + est …

Ex: No students in my class are so intelligent as Tam.
 Tam is the most intelligent in my class.

47. There + be + N + … left / available : có cái gì sẵn có, còn lại
Ex: There is no tea left.

There are no seats available.

48. No one / No + N + V + so / as + adj. / adv. + as + S2 : không ai … như …
 S2 + negative V + the + most + adj. / adv. (daøi)…

adj. / adv. (ngắn) + est ………
Ex: No students in my class are so intelligent as Tam.
49. No .. longer : khơng cịn nữa

Normal Inversion

S + no longer + V1 / V2/ed / have to … No longer + does / do / did + S + V Inf. …/ have to …
S + has / have + no longer + V3/ed … No longer + has / have + no longer + V3/ed ….
S + will / can / may + no longer + V Inf. No longer + will / can / may + V Inf.

Ex: She no longer washes clothes by hand.
→ No longer does she wash clothes by hand.

50. Not …… any more/ any longer:

S + aux + not + V + any more / any longer Khơng … cịn nữa
Ex: They haven’t lived in the cottage any more.

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feel pity for : caûm thấy thương xót

feel regret for : hối tiếc, ân hận
feel sympathy for: thông cảm

give birth to : sinh

give place to : nhường chỗ cho

give way to : nhượng bộ, chịu thua, nhường đường cho
have a preference for : thích

have an effect on : ảnh hưởng
have an influence on : ảnh hưởng

keep correspondence with : liên hệ thư từ với

keep pace with/ catch up with : sánh bước, theo kịp, đuổi kịp
lose sight of : mất hút, khơng cịn thấy

lose touch with : mất liên lạc
lose track of : mất dấu
make a contributtion to : đóng góp
make a decision on : quyết định
make a fuss over / about: làm ầm ĩ về
make allowance for : chiếu cố đến
make fun of : đùa cợt, chế nhạo
make room for : dọn phòng cho
make up one’s mind : quyết định

make use of : sử dụng, lợi dụng
pay attention to : chú ý

put a stop to/ put an end to : chấm dứt, kết thúc
set fire to : thiêu huỷ

take / have an interest in : say mê
take / have pity on : thương xót
take account of : kể đến, tính đến
take advantage of : lợi dụng, tận dụng
take care of/ look after : trơng nơm, chăm sóc
take note of : ghi nhớ, chú ý
take notice of : chú ý

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(VAÊN PHONG)

1. to look at: to have a look at : nhìn vào

2. to think about/of: to give thought to : nghó về
3. to be determined to-inf: to have a determination to-inf : quyết tâm
4. to know about/of: to have knowledge of : bieát

5. to tend to: to have a tendency to : có khuynh hướng

6. to intend to + inf: to have the / no intention of + V-ing/ to-inf: có ý định
7. to desire to-inf : to have a desire to-inf : khao khaùt

8. to wish : to have / express a wish (for sth/ to-inf) : ước

9. to visit sb.: to pay a visit lo sb, to pay sb a visit : viếng thăm
10. to discuss sth.: to have a discussion about : thảo luận
11. to decide to-inf: to make a decision to-inf : quyeát ñònh

12. to talk to: to have a talk with : nói với

13. to explain sth.: to give an explanation for : giải thích

14. to call sb.: to give sb. a call : goïi ai

15. to be interested in.: to have interest in : say meâ

16. to drink: to have a drink : uoáng

17. to photograph: to have a photograph : chụp hình

18. to laugh at: to give a laugh at : cười

19. to welcome: to give sb a welcome : chào noun nồng nhieät

20. to kiss sb: to give sb a kiss : hoân

21. to ring sb: to give sb a ring : gọi (điện thoại)

22. to warn : to give a warning : cảnh báo

23. to try to-inf: to make an effort to-inf, to make an attempt to-inf: coá gaéng
24. to meet sb: to have a meeting with sb : gaëp

25. to succeed in : to make a success in : thành công

26. to be used: to be in use : sử dụng

27. to rest: to have a rest : nghỉ ngơi

28. to sleep: to have a sleep : nguû

29. to bathe: to have/ take a bath : taém

30. to examine: to have an examination of : kieåm tra

31. to agree: to be in agreement : đồng ý

32. to disagree: to be in disagreement (with) : không đồng ý
33. to contact sb.: to have contact with sb. : liên lạc
34. to exchange: to have an exchange of : trao đổi
35. to argue with sb.: to have an argument with sb. : tranh cãi
36. to complain about: to have a complaint about : phàn nàn

37. to land: to make a landing : hạ cánh

38. to receive sth.: to be in receipt of sth. : nhaän

39. to need: to have a need of : caàn

40. to love sb.: to fall in love with sb. : yeâu

41. to brush sth.: to give sth a brush : chaûi

42. to arrange with sb: to have an arrangement with sb. : sắp xếp

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