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Bài soạn BÀI TẬP HIĐROCACBON NO

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Ch¬ng 5 : hi®rocacbon no
i. Ankan
1. Đồng đẳng, đồng phân, danh pháp, cấu trúc
 Đồng đẳng

















 !"#$%&%'(%%)



*



n
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 Đồng phân+,)-.!/-%&0%1)23&042%%%53

678



%&0%1)23


9

9

9

9



99

9



99

:;<=0%1)23>!1?3@;)-.
 Danh pháp



• A42%#1%&#B)C1442%%7
• DC@;42%%7@3%3E@;%FGH!7CI1
• DA%-C?3(JGK%L%C#M)%&#B)C#;)-4#MK)L# $!# $?! $
N!<O%-42%CG'<=%<G3!PJ%L%C##A#-
Lưu ý:
QR%%S4T)-.%%53/0.5Usố nguyên tử cacbon#-M!J%#MGO#&
Q+không 0C0.%F%(5%VG5%VV không %(5%VVVG5%VW$
Q+0C0.%&%(5%VVV3X%5%VW
QY&4)-.%Z2#@)#15O)-.,0.%&%'(%C
n
H
2n+1
<=%A#&4
ankyl.
Tên nhóm ankyl không phân nhánh= tên mạch chính + yl
Cấu trúc:6!30.4;#)-.U4/04%S(#[4F%C%)-.3X%
#-M99B)#-M\C%&%3C!HB)K5U]
3

2. Tính chất vật lí
Q+,

Q

/^7,

M3_

/!2C#I,3_


!/#/!2C#!`
QY#[T&%_#[T@'#;#<=!#->?3%#B)>%S0.;#a2%%%53%0
C
@
3
#_4
    b  ]    
:;0    ]   b b ] 
]
:;)-.       b  ] 
6-42%%7 4? ? !3 5) ? ?c ? 3% 3 ?%







Tên ankan không phân nhánh = Tên mạch chính + an
Tên ankan phân nhánh =Số chỉ vị trí nhánh - tên nhánh + tên mạch chính + an
Q+de<O%G'!3<O%
3. Tính chất hóa học
Q+<e;#trơ về mặt hóa họcf#[T<gkhông_(GO#c#5heG%13c#&42
<iaj

$
Qk<O#C%8%SC@Ccl%C%G#[4#_(thế_(tách G_(oxi hóa.
Phản ứng thế
+%3_(MGO#3?#<=%%#M)@C3X%;&

678

*


 →
as


*


9

9


 →
asCl 



99

*

9

9


9*
 bm$ m$


9

9


 →
asBr 



9R!9

*

9

9

9R!*R!
  ]bm$  m$
 3M/%%53%C%5%C%)
 R!34K)<%FM/%%535%%3
 n3_(4#[-0)oGn
 V3p)CM)-'_(GO#
Phản ứng tách
q_(?#!3&




*

 →
xtt
o





*




*

 →
xtt
o





*



 



$ ?$  



$ #r#?$



*

 →
xtt
o





*

 


*


 →
xtt
o




Q
*


 s$c#%3  s$!?
Đặc biệt:


 →
NixtC
o

*




 →
nhlàmlanhnhaC
o






*

q_(%!%#
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Lưu ý:Q:;43

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Phản ứng cộng mở vòng của xiclopropan và xiclobutan
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13. Đốt cháy hết 1,152 g một hidrocacbon mạch hở rồi cho sản phẩm vào dung dòch Ba(OH)
2
thu được 3,94 g kết tủa
và dung dòch B. Đun nóng dd B lại thấy kết tủa xuất hiện, lọc lấy kết tủa lần 2 đem nung đến khối lượng không
đổi thu được 4,59 g chất rắn. Xác đònh công thức của hidrocacbon?
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