grammar

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We use the present perfect tense to talk about 
things that happened at some time in the past 
and have a connection to the present.

He has lived in Sha Tin for twenty years.
She has taken art lessons for two months.

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The present perfect form of a verb is made up 
of two parts.

Positive statements are formed like this.

Subject have/has Past participle

I

You
We
They

have finished.

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Negative statements are formed like this.

not



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Negative statements are formed like this.

I have not/haven’t finished.

You have finished.
not

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Negative statements are formed like this.

I have not/haven’t finished.

You have not/haven’t finished.

She has finished.
not

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Negative statements are formed like this.

I have not/haven’t finished.

You have not/haven’t finished.

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Questions are formed like this.

I have finished.

You have finished.

She has finished.

Have I finished?

Have you finished?

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We often use the following words with the 
present perfect tense.

already ever for just since yet

Which word is followed by a certain time

in the past?

since

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We often use the following words with the 
present perfect tense.

already ever for just since yet

Which word is followed by a length of time?

for

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We often use the following words with the 
present perfect tense.

already ever for just since yet

Which word is often used with negative

statements and questions when the action has
happened already or we expect it to happen
soon?

yet

Have you done your Maths homework yet?
Has your brother taken his driving test yet?
My parents haven’t signed my report card yet.
I haven’t had lunch yet.

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We often use the following words with the 
present perfect tense.

already ever for just since yet

Which other word is often used with the
present perfect tense in questions?

ever

Have you travelled on a motorbike?

ever

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We often use the following words with the 
present perfect tense.

already ever for just since yet

Which other word is often used with the
present perfect tense in questions?

ever

Have you ever travelled on a motorbike?

Has he invited you out for lunch?

ever

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We often use the following words with the 
present perfect tense.

already ever for just since yet

Which other word is often used with the
present perfect tense in questions?

ever

Have you ever travelled on a motorbike?

Has he ever invited you out for lunch?

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If the answer is negative, we can use

have/has never + past participle. It means 
‘not at any time’.

Have you ever been to Tokyo Disneyland?

Yes, I have.

No, I have not/haven’t.

No, I have/’ve never been to Tokyo Disneyland.
Has he ever taken cooking lessons?

Yes, he has.

No, he has not/hasn’t.

No, he has/’s never taken cooking lessons.

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We often use the following words with the 
present perfect tense.

already ever for just since yet

Which word shows that an action

was completed a short time ago?

just

They have finished the project.

just

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We often use the following words with the 
present perfect tense.

already ever for just since yet

Which word shows that an action

was completed a short time ago?

just

They have just finished the project.

Mum has come home.

just

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We often use the following words with the 
present perfect tense.

already ever for just since yet

Which word shows that an action

was completed a short time ago?

just

They have just finished the project.

Mum has just come home.

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We often use the following words with the 
present perfect tense.

already ever for just since yet

Which word is used in positive statements
to stress that something has happened?

already

Karen has left Hong Kong.

already

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We often use the following words with the 
present perfect tense.

already ever for just since yet

Which word is used in positive statements
to stress that something has happened?

already

Karen has already left Hong Kong.

already



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We often use the following words with the 
present perfect tense.

already ever for just since yet

Which word is used in positive statements
to stress that something has happened?

already

Karen has already left Hong Kong.

I have seen the new film already.

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Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the 
simple past tense or present perfect tense of the verbs in

brackets. Write in a subject if necessary.

1 (you / see) my school bag? (I / leave) it on my desk 
a minute ago and it’s gone now.

2 A fire (break out) in our building last night. All the residents 
 (have) to leave their homes and wait in the street. Luckily, no one 
 (be) injured.

3 just (I / come) back from my holiday. (I / go) to 
Hawaii with my friends.

4 My dad (be) a chef for twenty years. (he / be) a 
teacher before (he / become) a chef.

5 ever (you / try) duck’s tongues? never (I / 
have) any and I don’t want to try.

Have you seen I left

broke out

had

was

I have I went

has been He was

he became

Have you I have

come