Unit 1 Language Focus

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/ S / / Z / / IZ /

Activity 1: Arrange the words into three

groups according to the pronunciation of the

-S ending sound:

bags, bats, kits, kids, halves,

dates, days, speeds, speaks, photographs,

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/ S / / Z / / IZ /

bats, kits,

dates, months

speaks, lamps

photographs

bags, kids,

speeds, days,

halves,

potatoes,

shoes, ties,

boxes, buses,

houses,

dishes,

watches,

Activity 1: Arrange the words into two groups

according to the pronunciation of the -S

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Activity 2: Draw out the conclusion of

pronouncing –S/

–

ES ending sound.

-We add –s or –es to a noun to make it a plural one. It is 
pronounced /s/, /z/ or /iz/.

a) We pronounce the –s ending sound /s/ when the 
word ends with the sounds /f/, /k/, /p/, /t/.

b) We pronounce the –es ending sound /iz/ when the 
word ends with the sounds /s/, /∫/, / t∫/, / dʒ/, /z/.

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Activity 3: Practise reading these sentences.

1) I saw some bats flying from the bags.

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Past Simple

Present Perfect

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Activity 1: The Simple Past

1) Formation: S + Past Form + O.
2) Past Form: - Regular verbs: V-ed

- Irregular Verbs: see column 2 (Ir. Verb)
3) Uses: - to express an action completed at a definite

time in the past.

Adv: yesterday, ago, last + N
4) Ex: - I saw her this morning.

- Yesterday he flew to New York.

- Five years ago they lived in a small house in 
this area.

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Activity 2: The Past Progressive

1) Formation: S + was / were + v - ing + O.

2) Uses: a) to express an action that was happening and 
continuing at a definite time in the past.

Ex: - At 7 p.m. last night we were having our dinner.
 b) to express two actions happening at the same

time in the past.

Ex: - Last night, while Peter was playing badminton, 
Mary was reading books.

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Activity 3: The Present Perfect

1) Formation: S + have / has + Past Participle.

2) Uses: a) to express an action that happened in the past 
without definite time. (Adv: ever, never, already, yet)

Ex: - Have you ever been to London?been

- He has already finished his homework.

b) to express a recent event. (Adv: just, recently)
 Ex: - Peter has recently bought a new house.

c) to express an action happening in the past and 
continuing to the present time. (Prep: For + period of 
time; Since + point of time; Adv: So far)

Ex: - we have lived in Hue for 10 years.

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Activity 4: Doing Exercises

Exercise1: Underline the most suitable tense form in each sentence.
1) Did you see/ Have you seen my bag anywhere? I can’t find it.

2) Hello Peter, are you back from the match? Did you enjoy/ Have you 
enjoyed it?

3) This is the photo of my great grandfather. He was/has been married 
six times.

4) Have you given/ Did you give Helen my message when you have 
seen/ saw her?

5) Sorry, could you say that again? I didn’t listen/ haven’t listened to 
you.

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Activity 4: Doing Exercises

Exercise1: Underline the most suitable tense form in each sentence.
1) Did you see / Have you seen my bag anywhere? I can’t find it.

2) Hello Peter, are you back from the match? Did you enjoy / Have 
you enjoyed it?

3) This is the photo of my great grandfather. He was / has been 
married six times.

4) Have you given / Did you give Helen my message when you have 
seen/ saw her?

5) Sorry, could you say that again? I didn’t listen / haven’t listened to 
you.

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Activity 4: Doing Exercises

Exercise2: Decide which answer (A, B or C) best fits each space.

Dear Linda,

I’m sorry I (1)_______ (write) to you for so long, but I (2)_______(be) very 
busy lately. All last month I (3)________(have) exams, and I (4)_______(do) 
anything else but study for ages. Anyway, I (5)___________(stop) studying 
now, and I (6)__________(wait) for my exam results.

As you can see from this letter, I (7)_________(change) my address and 
(8)________(live) in Corydon now. I (9)________ (decide) that I wanted a 
change from central London because it (10)______(become) so expensive. 
A friend (11)________me about this flat, and I (12)______(move) here about

two months ago.

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Exercise2: Decide which answer (A, B or C) best fits each space.

Dear Linda,

I’m sorry I (1)_______________(write) to you for so long, but I

(2)____________(be) very busy lately. All last month I (3)________(have) exams, 
and I (4)______________(do) anything else but study for ages. Anyway, I

(5)______________(stop) studying now, and I (6)__________(wait) for my exam 
results.

As you can see from this letter, I (7)_____________(change) my address and 
(8)____________(live) in Corydon now. I (9)_____________ (decide) that I

wanted a change from central London because it (10)_____________(become) 
so expensive. A friend (11)______(tell) me about this flat, and I (12)______

(move) here about two months ago.

When you (13)_______(come) to England this summer, please visit me. I

(14)____________(stay) here until the middle of August. Then I (15)__________ 
( go) on holiday to Scotland.

Please write soon,
Margaret.
haven’t written

am waiting
 had
 haven’t done
 have stopped
 have been
have changed

have lived have decided

told moved

come

am staying am going

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