Kỹ năng phân loại và phương pháp giải nhanh bài tập Hóa học vô cơ 12: Phần 2
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Plum loai vci phifcmij phop i^icii BT Hoa hoc 12 - Cu Thanh Toan
=> AgNOj con du, Cu(N03)2 chua phan irng, Fe phan iJng het:
Cac qua trinh xay ra:
M
Fe + 3AgNOj (dif) ^ Fe (NO3 )^ + 3Ag i
m/56
3m/56(mol)
Taco:
—.108 = 19,44 =:>m=3,36(g)
56
Dap an diing la C.
Chu y:
Fe + 2AgNO, -> Fe(NO3 )^ + 2Ag i
^
> M"* + ne
16,2.n
16,2
(mol)
(mol)
M
M
16,2.n^
e (cho) =
. . (mol)
.
.
m
O,
+
4e
0,15
Fe(NO,)2 + AgNO, ->• Fe(NO,), + Ag i
=>
Fe + 3AgNO, (du)
->
Fe + 2AgNO,
0,1-> 0,2
i
0,2 (mol)
+ AgNO,
^
0,05
(0,75-0,7)->•
= 1,8 =^ 16,2n = 1,8M ^ 9n = M
Fe(NO,)^ + A g i
0,05 (mol)
m ^ g ^ (0,2+ 0,3+ 0,2+ 0,05). 108 = 81(g)
Dap an dung la C.
29. Cho 16,2 gam kim loai M c6 hoa tri n tac dung vdi 0,15 mol O,. Chat ran thu
duorc sau phan urng dem hoa tan vao dung djch HCl du tha'y thoat ra 13,44 lit H ,
Of dktc. Kim loai M la
B. A l .
'
Sad6phaniJng: M
27 (Al)
Thoa man
kh6ng c6 kim loai nao thoa man).
Mg2VMg;Ar^VAI;Cu2VCu;AgVAg
Chat ran thu duoc chi c6 Ag
A. Be.
= l,8(mol)
22,4
Dap an dung la B.
Vay M la A l .
30. Cho hiin hop gom 0,15 mol Mg va 0,1 mol A l vao dung djch chira dong thdi 0,2
mol A^ NO, va 0,25 mol Cu(N03)2, sau phan ihig hoan toan thu duoc dung dich
X. Cho NaOH du vao dung djch X thi khoi lirong ket tiia tao ra la
A. 21,4 gam
B. 18,4 gam
C. 8,4 gam
D. 13,6 gam
Huong ddn gidi
Thu' tuirong day dien hoa:
Fe(N0,)2 + 2Ag i
Fe(NO,)3
2.13,44
>Ie(nhan) =0,15.4 +
(n =2, M = 18
0,3(mol)
->
22,4
18
9(Be)
M
Loai
Loai
Kl
(n = 1, M = 9 (Be)=> loai vi Be hoa tn n = 2).
0,2 (mol)
^
13,44
22,4
Ta CO bang:
Al + 3AgNO, ^ A l ( N O , ) 3 + 3Ag i
0,l-).0,3
>
M
Mg + 2AgNO, ^ M g ( N 0 , ) 2 + 2Ag i
0,2
2e
2.13,44
Do do, ta c6:
^ 24x + 27x + 56x = 10,7 => X = 0,1 (mol)
0,1 ^
+
Fe (NO, )^ + 3Ag i
Huong dan gidi
So mol moi kim loai Mg, Al, Fe la x
20"-
0,15. 4 (mol)
2H"
28. Cho 10,7 gam h6n hcrp kim loai g6m Mg, A l , Fe (c6 d 16 mol 1: 1: 1) vao dung
djch chiia 0,75 mol AgNO, den khi cac phan li-ng xay ra hoan toan thu duoc bao
nhieu gam chat rSn?
A. 59,6
B. 32,6
C. 81
D. 75,6
>
C. Ca.
Huong dan gidi
) M,0,,; M —tS^iiiHL^ MCL
D. Mg.
'
,, , .
=> Thu" ir phan ling hoa hoc xay ra:
Mg + 2 A g N 0 ,
0,1<- 0,2
Mg
+
(0,,5-0,1)
2A1
+
->
M g ( N O , ) ^ + 2Ag I
0,1
Cu(NO,)2
0,05
Mg(NO,)2 + C u i
0,05
3Cu(N03)2 -> 2 A l ( N 0 3 ) 3 + 3 C u i
" "2
0,1
^
0,15
' ' ' ''
->
0,1
'•
' . ,.
_
=> Dungdjch X c o : 0,15 mol MgCNO,),; O.lmolAl(N03)3 ;
Dung djch thu duoc chura 3 ion kim loai
'
i=> 3 ion do phai la Mg"* , Zn"* va Cu"* (du).
Vi Cu"* con du => Mg va Zn phan xing het.
Cac qua trinh phan ling xay ra:
0,25-0,05-0,15 = 0,05mol Cu(N03)2 (du)
X + dd NaOH (du):
Mg(N03)2 + 2NaOH-^Mg(OH)2 4+2NaN03
0,15
^0,15
.
• i7
Cu(N03)2+2NaOH^Cu(OH)2i+2NaN03
0,05
->
,
Mg
,
1,2
(.
Zn
0,05
Al(N03),+4NaOH->NaAl(OH)^+3NaN03
Huong ddn gidi
a) PTHH:
Cu
+
Chat khu
2AgN03
Mg
22
Zn
C. 2,0.
Huong ddn gidi
Cu
+
1
le
>
Cu-*
2
Zn
2+
+
>
Agi
>
Cui
1 (mol)
2e
> 4 (mol)
Vi Cu-*c6ndunen: 2,4 + 2x < 1 + 4 => x < 1,3.
Trong cac gia tn da cho thi x = 1,2 < 1,3 thoa man y6u ciu bai toan.
Dap an dung la D .
gam chat ran Z. Gia trj ciia m la
A. 6,40.
B. 5,76.
Theo bai ra:
0,017mol
Thuf tir trong cac day dien hoa:
Mg-^
Zn''
Cu-*
2e
Ag*
Ag
C. 3,84.
Hu&ng ddn gidi
D. 5,12.
Cdch 1:
Kh6'i luong cua vat sau phan img (gia thid't Ag sinh ra bam h6't trdn vat):
m,i, = 10 + (108 . 0,017) - (64 . 0,0085) = 10,536 g
32. Cho h6n horp gdm 1,2 mol Mg va x mol Zn vao dung djch chiia 2 mol Cu""^ va
10.536 mol Ag"^ den khi cac phan ling xay ra hoan toan, thu dugc m6t dung dich
chua ba ion kim loai. Trong cac gia trj sau day, gia tri nao ciia x thoa man trucmg
hoj. tren?
B. 1,8.
-
thdm 5,85 gam bot Zn vao Y , sau khi phan umg xay ra hoan toan thu duoc 10,53
S6'mol AgNO, tham gia phan ling =
= 0,01mol
^
100.100
Cu + 2AgN03
> Cu(N03)2 + 2Ag i
A. 1,5.
>
> 2,4 (mol)
ling thu duoc 7,76 gam h6n hop chat rdn X va dung dich Y . Loc tach X, roi
b) Kh6'i luong AgNOj c6 trong dung dich ban ddu: m^gN03 - ^^^'^ = 10(g)
100
>
Mg'
33. Cho m gam bot Cu vao 400 ml dung djch AgNO, 0,2M, sau m6t thcri gian phan
> CU(N03)2 + 2Ag i
chat oxi hoa
0,0085 <- 0,017
>
2x (mol)
Ag*
Khoi luomg ket tua thu duoc: m 1=0,15.58 + 0,05.98 = 13,6(g)
b) Xac dinh kh6'i luong cua vat sau phan ung.
2e
x
' 'H:.
Dap an dung la D.
31. Ngam m6t vSt bang dong c6 kh6'i luong 10 gam trong 250 gam dung dich
AgNOj 4%. Khi la'y vat ra thi khoi lirgng AgNO, trong dung djch giam 17%.
a) Viet phiromg trinh hoa hoc cua phan ling va cho biet vai tro cac chat tham gia
phan urng.
-
D. 1,2.
"AgNOj
= 0,4.0,2 = 0,08(mol)
= 5,85/65 = 0,09(mol)
V I 2nz„ >nAgN03 (20,09>0,08) =>Zn con du sau khi cac phan ling xay ra
hoan toan.
Cu + 2AgN03 ^ Cu(N03)2 + 2Ag i
=> X (ran): Ag, Cu (chua phan ting)
, ,;
Y (dung djch): AgNOj (chua phan ling), CU(N03)2
Zn + 2AgN03 -> Zn (NO3)^ + 2Ag i
,
:. :
Zn + Cu(N03)2-> Cu >l+Zn(N03)2
=> Z (ran): Ag, Cu, Zn (du)
Vay thuc chat ciia thi nghiem tran la:
;
-
i
.JiJ
23
Zn + 2AgNOj ^ Zn (NO, \ 2Ag i
0,04ô-0,08^
Dodo:
mx +
0,08(mol)
(ã , .
= m + m^g + m^n (dir)
'
=> 7,76 + 10,53 = m + 0,08.108 + (0,09-0,04).65 => m = 6,40
Dap an dung la A.
Cdch 2:
r i A g N o , =0.08mol;n5,„
2. Tinh dSn dien ctia kim loai phu thu6c vao
A. do dac kbit cua kim loai.
B. mat d6 electron tu do.
C. kieu mang tinh the kim loai.
D. mat do ion kim loai.
Hu&ng ddn gidi
, \
Tinh dSn dien ciia kim loai phu thuoc vao mat do electron tir do.
Dap an dung la B.
3. Cho cac kim loai: Cr, W, Fe, Cu, Cs. Sap xep theo chieu tang ddn do cung tir trai
=0,09(mol)
sang phai la
Vi 2nz„ =0,18>nAgNO3 =0,08=>Zn (du)
A. Cu < Cs < Fe < W < Cr
C. Cu < Cs < Fe < Cr < W
So d6 torn tat:
AgNO,
) AgN03,Cu(N03)2 - i | j ^ Z n ( N 0 3 ) 2
D6 ciJng: Cs < Cu < Fe < W < Cr
+ Zn
Chu y;
2AgN03 + Zn -> Zn(N03)2 +
0,08
B. Cs < Cu < Fe < W < Cr
D. Cs < Cu < Fe < Cr < W
Hu&ng ddn gidi
^
Dap an dung la B.
Kim loai cumg nha't la crom (Cr);
Kim loai mem nha't la cac kim loai kiem.
->. 0,04(mol)
Dang 3: Bai tap ve pin dien hoa
Theo djnh luat bao loan khdi lirong, ta c6:
'nAgN03 + "^Zn + "^Cu =
+
+ mzn(N03)2
L Trong pin difen hoa Zn - Cu, qua trinh khir trong pin la
mcu = m = m x + m z + m^^^f^Q^)^ - mAgN03 -
m = 7,76 + 10,53 + 0,04.189 - 0,08.170 - 5,85
=>m = 6,4(gam)
Dap an diing la A.
A. Zn — ^ Zn-" + 2e.
B. Cu
C. Zn-" + 2e
D. Cu"" + 2e
> Zn.
> Cvr* + 2e.
> Cu.
Hu&ng ddn gidi
34. Cho 6,4 gam bot Cu vao V ml dung dich AgNOa 0,2M, sau m6t then gian phan
Trong pin Zn - Cu, phan urng xay ra khi pin boat d6ng la:
ling thu duoc 7,92 gam h6n hop r i n X va dung dich Y. Loc tach X, r6i them
10,35 gam bot Pb vao Y, sau mot thori gian phan ling thu duoc 10,44 gam h6n
Zn + Cu-"
> Cu + Zn-"
Cu"" + 2e
> Cu.
hop rdn Z va dung dich A. Loc tach Z, r6i them 5,85 gam b6t iZn vao A, sau khi
Phan ii-ng khiJr Cu"":
phanchat
ling tan.
xay Gia
ra hoan
toan
thu duoc 10,28 gam chat xkn B va dung dich chi chiJa
mot
tri ciia
V la
A. 200.
B. 400.
C. 600.
D. 150.
Phan ling oxi hoa Zn: Zn
Dap an dung la B.
> Zn"" + 2e.
r
Dap an dung la D.
2. Cho m6t pin difn hoa duoc tao boi cac cap oxi hoa - khir Fe""/ Fe va Ag"/ Ag.
Phan ling xay ra d cue am ciia pin dien hoa (o didu kien chudn) la
Dang 2: Bal tap tinh chat vat If cua kim loai
A. Fe
L Cho cac kim loai: Cu, Ag, Fe, A l , Au. Day cdc kim loai duoc xd'p theo chieu
giam ddn do dSn dien la
A. A l , Fe, Cu, Ag, Au.
C. Au, Ag, Cu, Fe, A l .
B. Ag, Cu, Au, A l , Fe.
D. Ag, Cu, Fe, A l , Au.
Hu&ng dan gidi
D6 dSn dien giam dan theo Ag > Cu > Au > A l > Fe.
Dap an dung la B.
Chu V. Ag dSn difin t6't nha't, r6i d^'n Cu.
B. Ag" + le
>Fe-"+2e.
>
Ag.
B. Fe"" + 2e
D. Ag
> Fe.
> Ag" + le.
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Pin Fe - Ag: Cue am la Fe, cue duong la Ag.
Cue am xay ra qua trinh: Fe
^ . ,
,
> Fe"" + 2e
Dap an diing la A.
3. Mot pin didn hoa c6 didn cue Zn nhung trong dung djch ZnS04 va dien cue Cu
nhung trong dung dich CuSO^. Sau m6t thori gian pin do phong didn thi khoi luong
Phdn loai ra pliironi; jilu'ip t^liii /IT 116a hoc 12 -Cu
Thanh Toan
Huong ddn
A . ca hai dien circ Zn va Cu dfiu giam.
gidi
Sua't dien d6ng E^,,, phu thuoc vao:
B. dien cue Zn tang con khd'i luomg dien eirc Cu giam.
C. dien circ Z n giam con khoi lucmg dien cue Cu tang.
-Ban
D . ca hai didn cue Zn va Cu d^u tang.
- Ndng d6 cua cac ion k i m loai (dung djch mudi).
Huong dan
Sod6ciiapin:
0
Zn / ZnS04
//
gidi
CUSO4/ Cu
Khong phu thu6c vao khoi lugfng cae dien cue.
Suy ra, khd'i luong la Zn ngay cang giam (Zn
la Cu cang tang (Cu'^dd) + 2e
> Cu
-
,•
Dap an diing la D.
7. Cho E°z„ 2* /7.„ = - 0,76V; E\+ /p, = - 0,13V.
+ Zn-' (dd)
> Cui
. ! , ' > ,
-Nhietdd.
@
Phan ling xay ra khi pin phong dien:
Z n + Cu-* (dd)
chat cae k i m loai lam dien cue.
, /
Phat bieu diing la:
> Z n ' * (dd) + 2e), kh6'i lucmg
•
A. K h i hinh thanh pin dien hoa, anot la cue Z n .
B. Sua't dien d6ng chuc4n ciia pin dien hoa Zn - Pb bang 0,89V.
i).
Dap an dung la C.
C. Phan ling xay ra khi pin dien hoa Zn - Pb phong dien ( d dieu kien chuan):
Pb + Zn-*
4. K h i pin didn hoa Zn - Cu phong di6n thi ndng do
> Zn + Pb'*
A . cua Cu"* giam, ciia Zn"* tang.
B. ciia Cu'"^ giam, ciia Z n ' * giam.
D. Trong pin dien hoa Zn - Pb, nd'u sii dung cdu mudi la dung dich NH4NO3.
C. ciia Cu-* tang, ciia Zn"* tang.
D. ciia Cu"* tang, ciia Zn"* giam.
K h i pin hoat d6ng thi ion N O 3 di ehuye'n ve phia cue Pb.
Huong ddn
gidi
Huong ddn
Phan ling xay ra khi pin Z n - Cu phong dien:
Zn + Cu-*
Pin dien hoa Z n - Pb.
> Cu + Zn-*
- Phan umg xay ra trong pin:
=> n6ng d6 Cu"* giam, n6ng d6 ciia Zn"* tang.
Dap an diing la A .
5. Trong qua trinh hoat dong ciia pin didn hoa Zn - Cu thi
> Pb + Zn-*.
=> Zn CO tinh khii manh hon Pb => Z n la cue am
(anot), Pb la cue duong (catot).
B. kh6'i luong ciia didn cue Zn tang.
^ pin(Zn-Pb)
C. ndng do ciia ion Cu'* trong dung djch tang.
—
Pb-* /Pb
= -0,13
D. ndng d6 ciia ion Zn"* trong dung dich tang.
gidi
^ Zn
Do dd, ion NH4
/Zn
- ( - 0 , 7 6 ) = 0,63V.
- d cue Pb (cue duong, catot):
Phan ling hoa hoc xay ra: Z n + Cu^"^ ^ Cu i + Zn^"^
Suy ra:
-
Z n + Pb-*
- V i E°z„ 2+ ^„ < E°pb 2+
A . kh6'i luong ciia dien cue Cu giam.
Huong ddn
gidi
Pb"* + 2e
>
?hi.
se di chuyen ve phia cue Pb de trung hoa dien tich.
+ Kh6'i luong cue Zn giam.
Dap an dung la A .
+ Khdi luong cue Cu tang.
8. Trong qua trinh pin dien hoa Zn - A g hoat dong ta nhan tha'y
+ Nong d6 ion Cu"* giam.
(cho biet E°z„ 2+ ^ = - 0,76V; E ^ *
+ Nong do ion Z n ' * tang.
Dap an dung la D .
6. Sua't dien d6ng (Ej,J
cua pin didn hoa khong phu thuoc vao
A. ban chat ciia k i m loai lam dien cue.
B. ndng do ciia cae dung dich mudi.
C. nhiet d6.
D . khdi luong cae dien cue.
*
= "t" 0,80V, cSu mudi la dung djch KNO3)
A . khdi luong ciia dien cue A g giam.
B. ndng do ciia ion Zn"* tang.
C. ion K* di chuyen v^ phia anot.
D. sua't dien d6ng chudn cua pin bang 0,80 - 0,76 = 0,04V.
Hu&ng ddn gidi
,.
Phan umg xay ra khi pin dien hoa Zn - A g hoat d6ng:
Z n + 2Ag*
> Zn-* + 2 A g i
Ph.'in
Ji'.ii
V,) n!i
/»/;
II',
/!,':i
lifi
'
2
(
- C /< 1 luinli I pan
Ta thay:
- Kh6'i lircmg dien cue A g tang (khoi luong dien cue Z n giam).
- Nong do ion Zn-''tang (nong do ion Ag"^ giam).
Ag-Zn
: E°pi„ = + 5,00V.
:
''
A. 1.
0,8 -
(-0,76) = 1 , 5 6 ( V ) .
Xet cac pin:
* Pin sai (dch viet ki hieu:
- Pin A g - Z n (ma phai la pin Z n - A g ) .
* Pin CO gid tri sua't dien dong chuan E" sai:
- Pin Z n - A g : E",,,, = E ^ , + „^ -
9. Vai tro ciia cau muoi trong pin dien hoa, la
A . cung cap them ion cho cac dung dich mudi.
=
B. can bang dien tich trong cac dung djch.
D. con ducmg d i chuyen ciia cac electron tir cue am sang cue duong.
Huong dan gidi
Vai tro ciia cau muoi trong pin dien hoa: Can bang dien tich trong cac dung dich.
Dap an dung la B.
10. Trong pin dien hoa Cr - Sn xay ra phan ling:
-
(-0,76)
= 1,56V.
D . - 0,88V.
Hu&ngddn gidi
Dap an diing la A .
12. Cho mot pin dien hoa duoc tao bdi cap oxi hoa - khir Fe^*/ Fe va N i ' * / N i . Phan
ling xay ra or cue am ciia pin diSn hoa (6 difiu kien chu^n) la
A . Fe ^ Fe2+ + 2e
;.
> ... Cr'* + ... Sn.
C. 0,60V.
(Pin Z n - Cu: E°pi„ = + 1,1OV).
C. Fe^* + 2e - > Fe
Bia't E°c,^+,c, = - 0,74V. Sua't dien ddng chu^n ciia pin dien hoa nay la
•
0,8
E\„ 2+ ^„
Vay chi C O 1 pin c6 k i hieu dung va E°p|„ dung.
C. lam chat xiic tac cho phan iJng oxi hoa - khii xay ra khi pin boat ddng.
B. 0,88V.
D.4.
- Pin A g - Cu (ma phai la pin Cu - A g )
Dap an dung la B.
' A.-0,60V.
C. 3.
Huong ddn gidi
- Suat dien dong chudn E ^ , , , z „ . ^g, = E^g + /^g " E°z„ /z,,
EV.z„-Ag, =
^
B. 2.
> Agi
Do do 6 catot thieu dien tich duong (do Ag* bj dien phan) ndn K* {cAu mu6'i) di
chuy^n
do (chii khong
anot).
... Cr + ... Sn-*
= + 1,56V.
( c h o b i e t E ^ g \ A g = +0,80V; E^cu 2 + = + 0,34V; E°z„ 2 + = - 0,76V)
^ Zn"* + 2e
d catot (cue Ag): Ag*^ + le
Zn - A g
Pin
Sd pin dien hoa chudn khong c6 chd nao sai la
- Trong pin Z n - A g thi anot la A g , catot la Zn.
d anot (cue Zn): Zn
Pin
V TNHH MTV DVVH Khang Viet
B. N i ^ N i ^ * + 2e
f^'
c.y
D. N i ^ * + 2e
Ni
Huong ddn gidi
Ca'u taopin: ( - ) F e / F e 2 + / / N i ^ + / N i ( + )
Phan utig xay ra of cue am (anot):
Fe
> Fe^*" + 2e
Phan lirng xay ra 6 cue duong (catot):
N i ^ ^ + 2e
>Ni
- V I Epi„ lu6n duong => loai phuong an A va D .
Phan ling tdng eong: Fe + Ni^"^
- VI Cr C O tinh khij manh hon Sn ndn:
^•Fe^^'+Ni
Dap an dung la A .
"
^
(Cr - Sn) -
S.I
ASii
^ Cr
/Cr
Chu v; Trong pin dien hoa:
= E''s„2+,s„ - ( - 0 , 7 4 )
I
- d cue am (anot):
= E°s,.2^s„ + 0 , 7 4 ( V ) .
Xay ra oxi hoa
- d cue duong (catot): Xay ra su khir
•, - Vi Sn diing tru6c H trong day dien hoa nen E^s,, ^+ ys, < 0.
'
13. M d t pin dien hoa gdm dien cue la s d day bac nhiing vao dung dich A g N O j va
Dap an diing la C .
dien cue kia la mot sgi day platin nhiing vao dung dich chiia ddng thdi Fe(N03)3
11. Co mot hoc sinh viet kf hieu ciia pin va tinh sua't dien ddng chu^n tuong ling
ciia pin nhu sau:
va Fe(N03)2. Phan ung xay ra d dien cue duong ciia pin dien ( d dieu kidn chu^n)
Do do EV-S,) < 0,74V => E°,a-s,) = 0,60V
r
PinZn-Cu
: E % , = + 1,10V.
Pin A g - C u
: E''pi„ = + 0 , 4 6 V .
la (cho E " ^
=+0,8;E°
Ag+/Ag
,+ =+0,77V)
Fe-'+/Fe2+
,. j
A. Fe2+ - > Fe-^* + le
B. Fe-''^ + le - > Fe^*
C. A g * + le - > A g
D . A g ^ Ag"" + le
[ '^ :
•
' '
urn loai va phifcfnij
phcip }>idi BT Hoa hoc 12 - Cii Thanh Toan
Huong ddn gidi
Pin
GPt
Ag^ Ag
e
Huong ddn gidi
Taco:
Phan ihig xay ra b cue duong (catot):
Ag"^ + le
Ag i
Dap an diing la C.
CM
VdiE° ^
V. - Phan iJng xay ra trong pin (hoat d6ng):
AgN03 + Fe (NO3 \e (NO3 )3 + Ag
- Cue duomg cua pin (E° ,
Mn
/M
=0,8V.
Ag+/Ag
.
;
T t r ( 2 ) = > E ° ^ , , ^ ^ ^ = -H0,34V.
Tir(l)^E"
- Cue am ciia pin lu6n xay ra su oxi hoa.
^
Zn
Dang 4: Bai tap tinh SDD chuan cua pin; tinh the dien cue chuan
= 0 , 3 4 - 1 , 1 = - 0 , 7 6 (V).
va E % ^
Zn2+/Zn
1. Biet sua't dien dong chua'n cua pin Zn - Cu la 1,10V, the dien cue chudn ciia didn
cue Zn la - 0,76V, the dien cue chu^n cua dien cue Cu la
B. - 0,34V.
=>
1,10
^
E°c„2+/cu
=E°c„2^eu
1,10
4. Cho cac the'dien cue chu^n:
-
A. P i n P b - C u .
E°,„2+,,„
B. + 1,44V
B. Pin Zn - Cu.
C. Pin Zn - Pb.
(-0,76)
0,76
= + 0,34(V).
C. + 0,76V
D. -1,44V
D. Pin Al - Zn.
Huong ddn gidi
Pin CO sua't dien dong chudn 1dm nha't khi pin tao ra tir cap dien cue each xa nhau
nha't trong day dien hoa.
Do do, trong cac pin da cho thi pin Zn - Cu (vi tri ciia cap Zn'V Zn va Cu'V Cu
each xa nhau nha't) c6 SDD chu^n 16n nha't.
E ; , „ ( Z n - C u ) = E « ^ 2 . , , „ - E^^2.,,„
=
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Ta
CO
E°P i n , z n - C .=
„,- E
I^^^2+/Cu
Theo bai ra:
0,34 -
^Zn2+/zn
E^__2,^^_^
=1,10
^zn^^/Zn = "^'^^^^ ^Pb2+/Pb
E°,+3/A, = "
= - 0,13V; E° 2+^^ = + 0,34V. Trong cac pin sau day, pin nao c6 sua't dien
d6ng chudn Idm nha't?
-
Dap an diing la C.
D. + 1,86V.
Dap an dung la A.
2. Biet rang E ^ ,z„.c„) = i,10V va E^Cu'VCu) = +0,34V. The'dien cue chu^n cua
cap oxi hoa khir Zn'^/Zn la
A. - 0,76V
' ' ''
Huong ddn gidi
=E°c„2^eu -
=
C. - 1,86V.
iSn luot la - 0,76 V va + 0,34 V.
Cu^+ZCu
' '
Tac6:EV„,„.c„,
,
/Zn
Vay E ° 2+
A. + 0,34V.
.
be hon) lu6n xay ra su khu.
+0,34 - (-0,76)
=
1,1 V.
Dap an dung la B.
5. Cho biet phan ihig oxi hoa - khir xay ra trong pin dien hoa Fe - Cu la:
E^^^.^^^ =0,34 -1,10 = - 0 , 7 6 V
Fe + Cu-* ^
Fe-" + Cu
E" (Fe-7 Fe) = - 0,44V, E° (Cu'V Cu) = + 0,34V. Sua't dien d6ng chudn cua pin
Dap an diing la A.
3. Cho sua't dien dong chua'n cua cac pin dien hoa: Zn - Cu la 1,1V; Cu - Ag la
dien hoa Fe - Cu la
A. 0,10 V.
B. 0,78 V.
0,46V. Biet the' dien cue chudn E V / A g = + 0,8V. The' difin cue chu^n
C. - 0,76V va + 0,34V.
B. -1,46V va - 0,34V.
,. . ; ,(j
D. - 1,56V va + 0,64V.
D. 1,66 V.
Huong ddn gidi
E''pin(Fe-Cu) =
A. + 1,56V va + 0,46V.
C. 0,92 V.
E''cu2+/cu-
= 0,34
-
E^^+ZFe
(-0,44)
"
.
' ;,i
= 0,78 V.
Dap an diing la B.
•^1
fhan loai vd phUang phap nidi til Hoa hoc 12 - Cii Thanh Todn
6. Cho th6' dien cue chu£n cua cac cap oxi hoa - khu A g ^ / A g , Cu^^/Cu,
Pb^^ /Pb, Zn^"^ / Z n c6 gia tri Idn lucrt la: +0,80V; + 0,34V; -0,13V; -0,76V.
Huong ddn gidi
Ti'nh sua't dien d6ng chuSn E° ciia cac pin:
-•(;'>
Epe-Ni
Trong cac pin sau, pin nao c6 suS't didn dong chudn Idti nha't?
A. PinPb-Cu
B. P i n Z n - A g
C. P i n Z n - C u
E-;0z n - F e = - 0 ' 4 4 - ( 0 , 7 6 ) = 0 , 3 2 V
D. P i n P b - A g
Hu&ng dan gidi
=-0,26-(-0,44)=0,18(min)
<'
•
Ezn-Cu-0,34-(0,76)=1,10V
E j i n H x ) = Epi„(zn-Ag) = 0-80 - (-0,76) = 1,56V
I
E ° „ ( 2 „ _ c „ ) = 1,10V;E°_2.^^,, =-0,76V va E^^+^^g =+0,80V. SuSt dien
dong chuiin ciia pin didn hoa Cu-Ag la
A. 0,46V.
B. 0,34V.
C. 1,14V.
D. 0,56V.
Huong dan gidi
^cu^^cu
V^y^
=^pi"(zn-Cu) +
E«^,,^^^_ =l,10 + (-0,76) = +0,34(V)
KHC.-.,)=K,^,A,-
ENi-Cu=0'34-(-0,26)=0,6V
Dap an dung la B.
-^CU^^CU
Dap an dung la A.
10. Cho ba kirn loai: M , R, X . Biet E° ciia hai cap oxi hoa - khiJ M-"/M = - 0,76V
va R-7 R = + 0,34V. Khi cho X vao dung dich mu6'i cia R thl c6 phan ling xay
ra, con khi cho X vao dung dich mu6'i ciia M thi khdng xay ra phan umg. E° ciia
pin M - X bang 0,63V thi E" ciia pin X - R bang
A. 0,47V.
B. 1,05V.
C. 0,21V.
D. 1,1V.
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Sa d6 phan utig:
=0,80-0,34 = 0 , 4 6 ( V ) .
X + R'" ^ X"" + R
Dap an dung la A.
X + M ' " -> kh6ng xay ra.
Thii tu trong day dien hoa: M -> X -> R
8. Cho bifl: E ; , , ^ =-2,36V; E » , , , ^ , =^,76V; E»_,.^^ =^,3V;
=^J,V
Pin dien hoa c6 sua't dien dong chudn bang 1,61V duoc ca'u tao bai hai cap oxi
hoa - khii
A. Zn^^ / Z n va Pb^^ /Pb
B. Pb^^ /Pb va Cu^^ /Cu
C. Mg2+ / M g
D. Z n ' " / Z n
va Z n ' " / Z n
va C u ' "
/Cu
Huong ddn gidi
Theo bai ra:
vay
Eji„M-x = E " ^ „ . ^ ^ - ( - 0 , 7 6 ) =0,63
E;,,X_. =E»2.^,
- E ^ „ , ^ ^ =0,34-(-0,13) = 0.47V
Dap an dung la A.
11. Trong cac cap oxi hoa - khu: Zn""/ Zn; Cu""/ Cu; Ag"/ Ag; Ni""/ Ni thi pin dien
Bie'u thiic tinh SDD chudn (E^. ,): E°., = Ef,, -
hoa CO sua't dien d6ng 1dm nha't la pin tao bai cap oxi hoa - khu
=>1,61
= ( _ 0 , 7 6 ) - ( - 2 , 3 7 ) = . E ° 2,
- E % ,
Vay pin diroc ca'u tao boi hai cSp M g ' " / M g va Z n ' " / Z n
B.Zn-Fe
C. Zn - Cu
B. Zn""/Zn va Cu""/Cu.
C.Cu-"/CuvaAg"/Ag.
D. Zn""/Zn va Ni""/Ni.
i
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Dap an diing la C.
9. Cho the' dien circ chuan: Zn""/ Zn = - 0,76V; Fe'V Fe = - 0,44V; Ni'V Ni = 0,26V; Cu-7 Cu = + 0,34V. Pin dien hoa c6 sua't dien d6ng chudn nho nha't la
pin tao bai hai dien cue
A. F e - N i
A.Zn-"/ZnvaAg"/Ag.
D. Ni - Cu
Thur tu cac cap oxi hoa - khir trong day dien hoa:
Z n ' " / Z n ; N i ' " / N i ; C u ' " /Cu;Ag" / Ag
Pin CO SDD chudn Idn nha't khi tao bai cap oxi hoa - khijf c6 the' dien cue ehu^n
tha'p
nha'tIdn
( Znha't
n'"/Z
) va
g "n/ A
=>Epi„
lanpin
taocao
bcrinha't
Z n '("A/ Z
vag )Ag" / Ag .
Dap an dung la A.
/'//(///
lixii
\
i^icJFBT H6(i hoc 12 -Cii Thanh Toan
pJicij)
1 2 . Cho cac the' dien circ chudn: E°
didn dong chuiiin ciia pin:
Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khcms- Viet
= - 1 , 6 6 V ; E ° 2+ ,^ = + 0 , 3 4 V . Bifi't suS't
= M ^ ' E ^ p - A i = 0 , 7 1 V . Vay sua't dien d6ng
E"„_CU
E°
D.
1,81V
Y
Dap an dung la B.
E"(Cu - X ) = 0,46V; E^CY - Cu) = 1 , 1 V ; E " ( Z - Cu) = 0,47V
(X, Y, Z la ba k i m loai). Day cac k i m loai xep theo chieu tang dan tinh khii tu
=0,34-1,1 = 0,76V
=-1,66-0,71
2+
C.0,9V
Huong dan gidi
Ta ti'nh duoc: E ° 2+
kj
3. Cho sua't dien dong chuan E " ciia cac pin dien hoa:
B. I , 6 1 V
.;'
(3)
Tir(2,3)^Z< Y
c h u d n c i i a p i n Mg-Zn|^E^^g_^„j la
A. 2 V
E^v y+/Y > E " T T i n h khu T > Y .
trai sang phai la
=-2,37V
vay E^g_y„ = - 0 , 7 6 - ( - 2 , 3 7 ) = 1 , 6 1 V
Dap an dung la B .
'
A.Z,Y,Cu,X.
B.X,Cu,Z,Y.
C. Y, Z , Cu, X.
D. X, Cu, Y, Z .
Huong ddn gidi
V I E V „ - X. = 0,46V ^
E"c„ 2 - /cu < E ^ x «
'
=> Tinh k h u X < C u .
Dang 5: Bai tap so sanh tinh ox! hoa - khiir, xac dmh c h i l u cua phan ihig oxi
hoa - khiir
1. Cho E",,, 2+
= - 0,76V;
E"c„ 2+
= + 0 , 3 4 V ; E\,
2+ ^ , = - 0 , 2 3 V . Cac
cation
CO tinh oxi hoa giam d i n theo thii tir
C. Cu-^ Nr\^
D. Nr\^ Cu-\
Sapthu-tir E ' ' M " ^ M :E''cu^^cu>EV^%i
E^X-T
=> T r i h k h u C u < Z .
-i.
F "
(' - C i i )
F °
(3)
—>
E, , x _ C u ) ^
^
_ pO y+
2+
F "
Cu
/Cu
C
Y -'
^
/Y
I - Cu
l*
- pO 7,+
2+
F "
/Cu
E\+ /Y < E"z ^+ r,, => Tinh khijf Y > Z .
^
Z
/Z-
»
(4)
Dap an diing la B,
E x _ Y - l , l V ; E x _ z = 0 , 7 8 V ; E " _ Z = 0 , 4 6 V (X, Y, Z , T la bon k i m loai).
Day cat: k i m loai xep theo c h i l u tang ddn tinh khCr tir tnii sang phai la
A. Y , Z , T , X
B.T,Z,X,Y
C. Z , T, X, Y
D. T, Z , Y , X
Huong ddn gidi
= + 0,32V.
Tinh k h u ciia k i m loai X, Y, Z , T tang ddn theo thi} t u
- K i m loai viet truoc la cue am (anot), kim loai viet sau la cue duong (kim loai
A . X, T, Y , Z .
B. Z , Y, T,
C. T, Y , Z , X.
D. X, Y, Z , T.
X.
dong vai tro la cue am eo tinh khu manh hoii kim loai dong vai tro cue ducfng)
=> Tinh khu:
X>Y;X>Z;T>Z
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Nhan xet.
- Pin CO E° cang lorn thi tinh khiJf cQa cac k i m loai cang chenh lech nhau nhifiu
(hay noi each khac chiing cang xa nhau tren day dien hoa).
- Trong cac pin tren, X ddu dong vai tro cue am
=> X CO tinh k h u manh hem cac k i m loai Y, Z va T .
- VI E^x-V < E ^ x - z
>
E^x-T
(1)
E ° v y - / Y - E ' ' x ^ ^ « < E»,^V " E°x^"/x
E ° Y y + ; y > E " z ' + / - ^ = ^ Tinh k h u Y > Z .
- V I E-'x-V
(2)
4 . Cho su£ t dien dong chuan E° ciia cac pin dien hoa:
>^\„^'
Dap an dung la C,
= + 1,1V;
E\y^^
V i E V - c u , = 0,47V :=> E " c . 2 ^ c u > E'V/^/z
^
2 . Cho sua't dien dong chudn ciia cac pin dien hoa:
E\.^
E ^ - C U , = 1 , 1 V = ^ E"e,2+^,„ >
T u ( l , 2, 3,4) t a c o : X < C u < Z < Y .
=> Cac cation c6 tinh oxi hoa Cu"* > N i " * > Zn^*
E°x-Y = + 0 , 6 2 V ;
(1)
=> Tinh k h u C u < Y.
* '
Huong ddn gidi
•
Vi
Vi
A . Ni-\^ Zn'\. Cii'\^ N i " * .
>>
^ E%y+;v - E ° x ^ V > E \ > V - E ^ x ^ V
<y> ;
- Do do, thu tu tren day dien hoa ciia cac k i m loai: X > T > Z > Y. >
' /
vay tinh khir tang ddn theo thii tu Y , Z , T, X.
Dap an diing la A .
(2)
5. Trong day the dien cue chuan ciia k i m loai, vj tri mot so cap oxi hoa - khu duoc
sdp xep nhu sau:
'
•
' • ' "
A l ' V A l , Fe-^/Fe, Ni=*/Ni, Cu'VCu, Fe'^/^e=^ A g V A g , Hg=*/Hg.
,
/'/(,/(/
\
p/i(/p
gidi
BT Hoa
hoc
12
-Ci)
Thanh
Toan
T r o n g so c a c k i m loai A l , F e , N i , C u , A g , H g , so k i m loai khi tac dung v6i dung
djch F e ' * chi khCr duoc F e ' *
Fe"* la
A. 1.
Al'*
Al
B. 2.
Fe-*
Ni-*
C. 3.
Hu&ng dan gidi
,.
Cu-*
Fe'*
Ni
Fe
D.4.
Ag*
^
•
Hg-*
(2) Mn + 2H*
> Mn-* + H ,
z=> Tmh oxi hoa Mn"* < H*.
Do do Mn'* < H* < Fe'* < Ag*.
Chii v:
Day dien hoa:
Mn
Fcr*
Ag
Hg
Dira vao day dien hoa trSn va qui tdc a ta bid't duoc cac kim loai trong doan
Fe-*/Fe va Fe'*/ Fe"* se chi khiJr diroc Fe'*
f)ap an dung la C.
6. Day cac ion xep theo chilu giam ddn tinh oxi hoa la (biet trong day dien hoa, cap
Fe'*/ Fe-* diJng trirorc cap Ag*/Ag)
B. Ag*, Fe'*, Cu"*, Fe"*.
D. Ag*, Cu"*, Fe'*, Fe"*.
Dap an dung la B.
7. Mdnh d^ khong dung la
Dap an diing la D.
H*
Fe'*
Ag*
H,
Fe-*
Ag
9. Cho cac phan ling sau: Fe + 2Fe(NO,)^ -> 3Fe(NO3 )^
> Fe"*.
Do do CO 3 kim loai Fe, Ni, Cu.
Mn"*
-)
— \>
•
Cu
A. Fe'*, Ag*, Cu-*, Fe-*.
C. Fe'*, Cu-*, Ag*, Fe-*.
Ti'nh oxi hoa Fe'* < Ag*.
'' :v (
AgNO, + Fe(NO,)2 ^ Fe(N03)3 + Ag
Day sdp x6'p theo thii tu tang ddn tinh oxi hoa cua cac ion kim loai Id
A. Ag^Fe2^Fe^+
B. Fe2^Fe•'^Ag+
C. Fe2+,Ag",Fe-'"
D. Ag",Fe"'",Fe^"
'
•
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Suy ra thu tu trong day dien hoa:
Fe^"/Fe;Fe-'"/Fe2";Ag"/Ag
A. Fe khij duqfc Cu"* trong dung dich.
B. tmh oxi hoa cua cac ion tang theo thir tir: Fe"*, H*, Cu"*, Ag*.
C. Fe'* CO tinh oxi hoa manh hon Cu"*.
D. Fe-* oxi hoa duoc Cu.
Vay tinh oxi hoa:
Fe^" < Fe"*" < A g "
Dap an dung la B.
10. Thii tu m6t s6' cSp oxi hoa - khCr trong day dien hoa nhu sau:
Hu&ng dan gidi
Fe-*/Fe; Cu'*/Cu; Fe'*/Fe"*.
• Xet cac phuong an sau:
A. Dung. Fe-*/Fe + Cu-*/Cu
Cap chat khong phan ung vori nhau la
(quy tdc a):
A. Fe va dung djch FeClj.
Fe + Cu-*
> Fe-* + Cu.
B. dung dich FeCK va dung dich CuQi.
B. Dung. Tinh oxi hoa Fe'* < H* < Cu"* < Ag*.
C. Dung. 2Fe'* + Cu
D. Sal.
D. Cu va dung djch FeClj.
Dap an dung la D.
(2)
AgNOj + Fe(NO_,)3
Mn
+
2HC1
> Fe(N03)3 + Ag i
B.
> MnCK
C. Fe + CuCU
Day cac ion sdp x6'p theo chidu tang ddn tinh oxi hoa la
A. Ag*, Fe'*, H*, Mn=*.
B. Ag*, Mn"*, H*, Fe'*.
C. Mn-*, H*, Ag*, Fe'*.
D. Mn"*, H*, Fe'*, Ag*.
Hu&ng dan gidi
- Ta c6:
(1) Ag* +Fe-*
> Fe'* + Ag
.j,,'
X^t cdc phuofng an:
A. Fe + 2FeCl3
+H.t
! .
Huong ddn gidi
Fe'* c6 tinh oxi hoa yeu hcfn Cu"* ntn Cu + Fe"* khong xay ra.
8. Cho cac phan ung xay ra sau day.
(1)
C. Fe va dung djch CuCl..
> Cu"* + 2Fe-*.
FeCU + CuCK
D. Cu + 2FeCl3
> 3FeCi2
> khong xay ra.
) - //
i
;
> Cu + F e d .
> 2FeCl, + CuCl,
'
Dap an dung la B.
11. Cho cac cap oxi hoa - khiJ duoc sdp xep theo chieu tang ddn tinh oxi hoa ciia
dang oxi hoa nhu sau: Fe^" / F c C u ^ " /Cu,Fe''" /Fe^".
Phat b'iiu nao sau day la dung?
37
A. Cu klurduDC Fe'* th;uih Fe .
B. Cu"^^ oxi hodduoc Fe^"^ thanh Fe^^ j
C. Dung.
C Fe'* oxihoaduDC Cu thiuih Cu^* .
D. Fe"* oxi hoadiioc Cu thaiih Cu^* .
D. Sai, VI tfnh oxi hoa Fe'* >
Huong dan gidi
;
2Fe-'* +21'
.2Fe2*+Io
Dap an dung la C.
Ta c6: Cu + 2Fc^^ ^ Cu'+ + 2Fe^+
Cu^* + Fe^""
Chit y: * Chung minh tfnh khir: Cu > I > Fe^*
Khoiig xay ra
2Fe^*+Cu^2Fe'*+Cu'*
-.^^
(Fe'* oxi hoa duoc Cu thanh Cu'*)
Fe'^* + Cu -> Khong xay ra
Cu + 1, -> Cu^* + 2r ; Tfnh oxi hoa: I j > Cu^*
•
=> Phat bieu diing la C.
'
Dap an diing la C.
12. Cho cac ion kim loai: Zir*, Svr*, Ni"*, Fe"*, Pb"*. Tlii} tir tinh oxi hoa giam diln la
A.
B.
C.
D.
Zn-* > Sn=* > Ni"* > Fe"* > Pb'*.
Pb-*>Sn-*>Ni-*>Fe-*>Zn-*.
Sn-*>Ni-*>Zn-*>Pb-*>Fe-*.
Pb-* > Sn-* > Fe-* > Ni'* > Zn"*.
Huong dan gidi
ThiJ tir tfnh oxi hoa giam dSn: Pb"* > Sn'* > Ni"* > Fe"* > Zn"*.
Dap an dung la B.
13. Cho day cac ion: Fe"*, Ni"*, Cu"*, Sn"*. Trong cung dieu kien, ion c6 tinh oxi
hoa manh nhat trong day la
A. Sn-*.
(Cu'*/Cu;l2/r;Fe'VFe2*)
.
B. Cu-*.
C. Fe-*.
D. Ni"*.
Huong dan gidi
Trong cling dieu kiSn (nhiet d6, nong do), thu- tir tfnh oxi hoa ciia cac ion la:
Fe-*
14. Qion phat bieu dung;
A. Tfnh oxi hoa cua Ag* > Cu"* > Fe'* > Ni"* > Fe"*
Dap an diing la B.
2Fe-^* + 2r->2Fe^*+l2
=^TfnhkhiJf: F >Fe^*;
Tfnh oxi hoa: Fe'* > I ,
^ Ul^^l^
* Cac the dien circ chuilin E "
Oxi
Mg-*/Mg
K*/K
hoa/Kh
-2,36
-2,92
E°(V)
Zn-*/Zn
s/s-'
Fe-*/Fe
Ni-*/Ni
-0,76
-0,51
-0,44
-0,25
Oxi
hoa/Kh
Cu-*/Cu
Fe'*/Fe-*
Ag*/Ag
0,77
0,80
H*/H.
Cu-*/Cu
0,54
0,52
0,34
0,00
15. Day gon1 cac ion deu oxi hoa duoc kim loai Fe la
E"(V)
A. Cr^*, Au-'*,Fe-'*
B. Cr2*,Cu2*,Ag*
C. Fe'*, Cu^\Ag\. Zn^^Cu2*,Ag^
Huong dan gidi
Cac ion oxi hoa dugc Fe (cac ion ciia cac kim loai dung sau Fe trong day dien
hoa va ion Fe''* :
B. Tfnh klur ciia K > Mg > Zn > Ni > Fe > Hg
2Fe'* + Fe-^3Fe2*
•, C. Tfnh khir ciia K > Fe > Cu > f > Fe"* > Ag
C u - * + F e ^ C u + Fe^^
D. Tfnh oxi hoa ciia Ag* > I . > Fe'* > Cu"* > S"-
2Ag*+ F e ^ F e ^ * + 2 A g
Huong dan gidi
Xet cac phuong an:
16. Day gom cac kim laii ddu tac dung duoc vol dung djch FcQ, la:
g A. Sai, VI tfnh oxi hoa Fe'*>Cu^*
2Fe'* + Cu ^ 2Fe-+ + Cu^*
B. Sai, VI tfnh k h u F o N i
Dap an dung la C.
.
Fe + Ni^* ^ N i + Fe^+
A. Fe, Mg, Cu, Ag, Al
B. Fc, Zn, Cu, Al, Mg
C.Cu,Ag,Au,Mg,Fc
D.Au,Cu,AI,Mg,Zn
,
,.
Huong dan gidi
Cac kim loai tac dung vai FeCl,:
Fe + 2FeCl3->3FeCl2
38
,. ,/
^ "
-
•
39
Zn + 2FeCl3
Z n C l , + 2FeCl2
Huong ddn gidi
Cu + 2FeCl3 -> C u C l , -b-2FeCl2
Theo quy tSc a :
Z^"" + X - > X^^ + Z
A l + 3FeCl3 ^ AICI3 + 3FeCl2
i r , ii,.H
M g + 2 F e C l 3 - > M g C l j + 2FeCl2
-rt)! Im
r
Dap an dung la C .
20. Cho sua't didn d6ng chua'n ciia cde pin didn hoa:
Dap an dung la B .
17. Thir t u m6t s6'cap oxi hoa - khif trong day dien hoa nhu sau:
Ez-H2
Bifi't
Mg^VMg;Fe2VFe;Cu2VCu;Fe^VFe2*;Ag+/Ag.
'
^°y3+/-^2+
la X-\^
,
= 0,44V; E^_^ = 0,78V; E^_y = 1,24V.
= + 0,77V ; X , Y , Z la cac k i m loai, cac ion k i m loai tuong ung
va Z ' ^
Day chi g6m cac chat, ion tac dung duoc vdi ion Fe'"^ trong dung djch la
Cho rieng biet tung k i m loai X , Z vao lucfng d u m6i dung djch chua m6t ion k i m
A.Mg,Cu,Cu2^
loai sau: Y ^ X - ^ Z-\ phan u-ng oxi hoa - khu xay ra la
B.Mg,Fe2^Ag
C. Mg,Fe,Cu
D. Fe,Cu.Ag^
A . 3.
Huong ddn gidi
Dua vao quy t i e a ta xac djnh duoc:
.:
:
"
^3Fe2+
1. Trucmg hop khong xay ra hien tuong an mon difen hoa la
A. de ta'm sat duoc ma k m bang thiec ngoai khong khi £m.
Dap an dung la C .
18. Cho biet thiif t u tir trai sang phai cOa cac cap oxi hoa - khir trong day dien hoa
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Z n ^ * /Zn;Fe2+ /FeiCu^^ /Cu;Fe-'VFe2^; A g ^ / A g .
Cac kirn loai va ion deu phan ung duoc v6i ion Fe'"^ trong dung djch la
B.Ag,Cu-*
C. A g , Fe'"
D. Z n , Cu"*
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Theo quy tac nguofi ta xac djnh duoc:
A g ^ + Fe^^
- Co 2 dien cue c6 ban chat khae nhau
Do do, khi de ta'm sat duoc ma kin bang thiec ngoai khdng khi dm => khong xay
>Ag + Fe-'^
ra hi6n tuong an mon di6n hoa (vi khong c6 di^u kien 1 va 3).
/M
/x
/Y
-2,37
-0,76
-0,13
P h n n ,'rnr,
J.
Phan
u-ng nao sau day
xay ra?
Dap an diing la A .
2. Bid't rang ion Pb"* trong dung dich oxi hoa duoc Sn. K h i nhiing hai thanh k i m
loai Pb va Sn duoc nd'i vdi nhau bang day dan dien vao mdt dung djch chat dien
li thi
A . chi C O Sn bj an mon dien hoa.
+ 0,34
B. chi C O Pb bi an mon dien hoa.
C. ca Sn va Pbdeu khdng bj an mon difin hoa.
A.Z +Y ^ - ^ Z ^ ^ Y
B.Z + M ^ * ^ Z 2 - + M
C.X
D.X + M^^-^X^^+M
+ Z'^->X'UZ
an mon dien hoa:
- Hai dien cue ciing duoc nhiing trong mot dung dich chat dien l i .
>Fe + Z n ^ *
19. Cho gia trj thd' dien cue chua'n ciia mot so cap oxi hoa - khu:
E°(V)
Khong xay ra hien tuong an mon dien hoa khi khong thoa man ca 3 di^u kidn
- Hai dien cue tie'p xiic true tia'p hoac n6'i vdi nhau qua day dSn.
"
Dap an dung la A .
Cap oxi hoaAhu
B. hai day Cu va A l duoc noi true tiep vdi nhau va de ngoai kh6ng khf dm.
C. de thanh thep ngoai khong khi dm.
D. hai thanh Cu, Zn duoc noi vdi nhau bdi day dSn va cung nhiing vao dung dich H Q .
(day the dien cue chu^n) nhu sau:
Zn + Fe^*
D. 5.
Dap an dung la B.
Dang 6: Bai tap ve an mon kim loai
Cu + 2Fe2^ ^Cu^^+2Fe2^
A.Zn,Ag*
C.4.
•^
M g + 2Fe-'^ - > M g ^ * + 2Fe^*
Fe + 2Fe^^
B.6.
fi,;. ^,
, ,
D . ca Sn va Pb deu bi an mon dien hoa.
Huong ddn gidi
Ion Pb-* oxi hoa duge Sn => Sn cd tinh khu manh hon Pb.
' v,
,' * /
'
41
Trong thf nghiem nay, thoa man 3 dieu i
dien l i ) , do do k i m loai c6 tinh khu manh hon (cue am) se bj an mon dien hoa ( d
day la Sn), con k i m loai c6 tfnh khu yeu hon (cue duong, a day la Pb) khong bj
an mon.
Dap an dung la A .
3. Co 4 dung dich rieng biet: CUSO4, ZnCU, FeCl,, A g N O , . Nhiing vao m6i dung
djch mot thanh N i . So truofng hop xua't hien an mon dien hoa la
A. 3
B. 4
C. 2
D. 1
Hming d^n giai
Ni + C u S 0 4 - > C u i + N i S 0 4
Ni-Ag:
Ni + AgNO, ^ 2 A g i + N i ( N O , ) 2
=> Co 2 truong hop.
Fe + CuCU
> Cu + FeCl.
(Cu sinh ra bam vao thanh Fe => thoa man 3 dieu kien an mon di6n hoa).
2.
F e / d d H C l , CuCl,:
Tuong tir tren
'
Dap an diing la C.
6. Cho cac hap k i m sau: Cu - Fe ( I ) ; Z n - Fe ( I I ) ; Fe - C ( I I I ) ; Sn - Fe ( I V ) . K h i
tiep xiic vdi dung djch chat dien l i thi cac hop k i m ma trong do Fe deu bj an
mon trudc la
A. I , I I va I I I .
B.I,IIvaIV.
C. I , I I I va I V .
D. I I , I I I va I V .
Huong ddn gidi
Cac trucrng hop xua't hien an mon dien hoa:
Ni-Cu:
1. Fe/ dd CuCU :
Fe bi an mon trudc khi Fe dong vai t i o cue am (Fe c6 tfnh khu manh hon, hay
noi each khae la Fe dung truoc trong day dien hoa).
Do do, cac hop kim ma Fe bj an mon trudc la:
Cu - Fe ( I ) ; Fe - C ( I I I ) ; Sn - Fe (IV)
Dap an diing la C .
4. Tid'n hanh 4 thi nghiem sau:
Dap an diing la C.
7. Tien hanh cac thf nghiem sau:
- Thi nghiem 1: Nhung thanh Fe vao dung djch FeCl,.
(a) Cho la Fe vao dung djch gom CUSO4 va H.SO4 loang;
- Thi nghiem 2: Nhiing thanh Fe vao dung djch CUSO4.
L .A
- Thi nghiem 3: Nhiing thanh Cu vao dung dich FeCl,.
(b) Dot day Fe trong binh dung khf O , ;
- Till' nghiem 4: Cho thanh Fe tiep xiic v6i thanh Cu roi nhiing vao dung djch H Q .
(e) Cho la Cu vao dung djch g6m Fe(NO,), va H N O , ;
So truong hop xua't hien an mon dien hoa la
(d) Cho la Zn vao dung djch H C l .
A. 1.
B. 2.
C. 3.
D.4.
Huong dan gidi
Cac truofng hop xuat hien an mon dien hoa khi thoa man 3 dieu ki6n an mon
dien hoa.
- Thi nghiem 1: Chi c6 1 ditn circ (cue Fe).
- Thi nghiem 2: Fe + CUSO4
> C u i + FeS04
So thf nghiem c6 xay ra an mon dien hoa la
A. 1.
B.4.
C.2.
D.3.
Huong ddn gidi
Chi C O thf nghiem (a) thoa man 3 dieu kien de' xay ra an mon dien hoa:
Fe + CUSO4 ^ Cu i +FeS04
,^ ^
true tiep vdi nhau, hai dien cue duge nhiing vao mot dung djch chat dien l i la
dung djch CUSO4.
=> Chi C O 1 thf nghiem.
*>ap an dung la A
8. Truong hop nao sau day xay ra an mon dien hoa?
- Thf nghiem 4: Thoa man 3 dieu kien an mon dien hoa.
B. Dot la sat trong khf C I 2 .
Vay C O hai truong hop thoa man xua't hien an mon dien hoa (TN2 va TN4).
C. Thanh nhom nhiing trong dung djch H2S04loang.
Dap an dung la B.
5. Co 4 dung djch rieng biet: H C l , CuCK, FeCl,, HCl c6 kin CuCK. Nhung vao m6i
dung djch mot thanh Fe nguyen chat. So truomg hop xua't hien an mon dien hoa la
C. 2.
Huong ddn gidi
Cac truong hop thoii man 3 di^u kien an mon dien hoa la:
,
A. Soi day bac nhiing trong dung djch H N O , .
- Thf nghiem 3: Chi c6 mot dien cue (cue Cu).
B. 1.
;
Fe + H 2 S 0 4 ( l ) — ^ F e S 0 4 + H2
Thoa man 3 dieu kien: Co 2 dien cue khae nhau (cue Fe, circ Cu), hai cue n6'i
A. 0.
•?
D . 3.
,,
,
D. Thanh kern nhiing trong dung djch CUSO4 .
Huong ddn gidi
De xay ra an mon dien hoa thi pluii dong thai thoa man 3 diSu kien an mon dien
hoa. Do do, thanh kern nhiing trong dung djch CUSO4 thi se xay ra an mon dien hoa.
Dap an diing la D.
43
I HUH l u i i i
;jmiu)i,n i)iiui> f^iui ui
mm
nui iz —
i minn i uuii
Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khcwfj Viet
9. Neu vat lam bang hap kim Fe - Zn hi an mon dien hoa thl trong qua trinh an mon
A . s a t dong vai tro catot va ion H * hi oxi hoa
B. Sat dong vai tro anot va bj oxi hoa
C. K e m dong vai tro catot bj oxi hoa
Chii y: Trucmg hop F e / d d A g N O , va F e / d d C u S 0 4 , liic d^u xua't hifen an mon
hoa hoc, sau do xua't hien an mon difin hoa (vi thoa man 3 d i ^ u kifin cua Sn mon
difen hoa).
D. K e m dong vai tro anot va bi oxi hoa.
P a n g 7: B a t t a p d i e n p h a n
Huong dan gidi
Hop k i m F e - Z n bj an mon dien hoa:
Anot (circ - ) :
Zn
Z n ^ ^ + 2e (bj an mon)
Catot (+, F e ) :
IHjO
+
1, Dien phan dung dich CUSO4 vdfi anot bang dong (anot tan) va di6n phan dung
djch CUSO4 vdri anot bang graphit (dien cue tro) dau c6 dac d i ^ m chung la:
+ 4e ^ 4 0 H " (chang ban)
A . 6 catot xay ra sir o x i hoa: 2 H 2 O + 2e - > 2 0 H ~ + H2
Vay kem dong vai tro anot va bj oxi hoa.
Dap an dung la D.
Chii y; Trong pin dien hoa: Cue am (bj an mon) la anot (noi xay ra qua trinh
oxi hoa), cue ducmg la catot (duoc bao ve).
10. C o 5 dung djch rieng biet:
B. 6 anot xay ra sirkhir: 2 H 2 O - > 0 2 + 4 H ^ + 4 e
C. b anot xay ra sir oxi hoa: C u -> C u ^ ^ + 2e
D . 6 catot xay ra su khir: Cu^^ + 2 e - » Cu .
a) H C l , b) CUSO4, c) F e , ( S 0 4 ) , „ d) HCl c6 iSn CuCK, e) Z n S 0 4 .
Nhiing vao m6i dung djch m6t thanh Fe nguyen chat. S6' trucmg hop xua't hifin
an mon d i ^ n hoa la
A. 3
B. 1
CO
Xet 2 qua trinh dien phan dung djch CUSO4:
* Dien phan vdri anot bang dong (cue duong tan):
D. 2
Catot ( - ) : Cu^^ + 2e ^ Cu (sir khir Cu"" -> Cu)
Hu&ng ddn gidi
C a n c\X vao 3 dieu kien an mon dien hoa:
Anot ( + ) : Cu -^Cu^"" + 2e (sir 6xi hoa Cu
- C o 2 dien cue khac nhau ve ban chat
Cu"")
* Dien phan vdi anot bang graphit (dien cue tra):
- Hai dien cue ndi true tiep hoac gian tiep v6i nhau qua day dSn.
- Cling duoc nhiing vao mot dung djch chat dien l i .
Catot ( - ) : Cu^ + 2 e - > C u
Suy ra c6 2 trucmg hop xua't hien an mon dien hoa:
Anot ( + ) : 2 H 2 O - > 4 H ^ + O2 + 4e (sir oxi hoa)
- Fe - CUSO4 :
F e + CUSO4
¥cSO^ + C u i
=> Dac d i ^ m chung la cf catot xay ra sir khir Cu^"^ + 2e ^
- Fe - CUCI2 / H C l : Fe + CUCI2 ^ FeCl2 + C u i
Dap an dung la D.
djch mot thanh F e nguyen chat. So truonig hop xua't hien an mon hoa hoc la
A. 4
B. 2
C. 1
Cu
D a p a n dung la D.
11. C o 4 dung djch rieng biet: H C l , FeCl,, A g N O , , CUSO4. Nhung vao m6i dung
'
D. 3
2. Dien phan 500 m l dung djch CUSO4 0,2M (dien cue tro) cho den khi a catot thu duoc
3,2 gam kim loai thi the ti'ch khi (dktc) thu duoc a anot la
A . 2,24 lit
B. 1,12 lit
'
Huong ddn gidi
Xua't hien an mon hoa hoc khi c6 xay ra phan ling hoa hoc. V I k i m loai F e deu
phan ling duoc vai cac dung djch nay nen dfiu xuat hien an mon hoa hoc:
C. 3,36 l i t
D . 0,56 l i t
Huong ddn gidi
K i m loai thu diroc la Cu: nc^. = 3 , 2 / 6 4 - 0 , 0 5 ( m o l )
2CUSO4 + 2 H 2 O
2Cu i
+ 0 2 ! +2H2SO4
1) F e + 2 H C I ^ F e C l 2 + H2 t
catot(-)
anot(+)
2) F e + 2FeCl3 ^ 3 F e C l 2
0,05 ->
0,025(mol)
3) F e + 2 A g N 0 3 - ^ F e ( N 0 3 ) 2 + 2 A g 4
;
; ^
:
The ti'ch khi thu duoc 0 anot: V^^^^^^,) = 0,025.22,4 = 0 , 5 6 ( l )
4) F e + CUSO4 ^ FeS04 + C u I
D a p an diing la D.
D a p an dung la A.
44
Huong ddn gidi
Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khani- Viet
Phau loai va pinfcng phcip fjicii BT Hoa hoc 12 -Cii Thanh Toari
3. Hoa tan 13,68 gam muoi MSO4 vao nuac duoc dung dich X . Dien phan X (voi
dien circ tro, cuonig do dong dien khong doi) trong thofi gian t giay, dirge y gam
k i m loai M duy nha't a catot va 0,035 mol khi a anot. Con neu thbi gian dien
phan la 2t giay thi t6ng so mol khi thu dugc a ca hai dien cue la 0,1245 mol. Gia
trj cua y la
•
A . 4,480.
B. 3,920.
C. 1,680.
D. 4,788.
Huong dan gidi
200.10
- Khoi luong dung djch sau khi ngirng dien phan:
m
—>M4+H2S04
0,07
+ 0,502 ^
=>
<-0,035(mol)
* K h i 2t (giay):
H2O
Anot(+):
anot
vay Vk,,,H2,0 2) =
M^+ + 2ea <— 2a < a ( m o l )
2H20 + 2e
2a + 2b = 0,28
b +0,035.2 =0,1245
V 18
60
-+•
18,
120,
„ 6 0 ^ ,^
(mol)—(mol)
18
18
. 22,4 = 22,4 (lit)
Dap an diing la C.
A . sir khir ion Na"^.
B. sir oxi hoa ion CP.
C. su oxi hoa ion Na*.
D. su khiJr ion CI".
nong chay ^^
noni;
i
,.. . . — > Na
Cac qua trinh xay ra: NaCl — ^ ^ j — — >
Na" + CP
6 catot (cue - ): Na* + le
> Na (su khir)
b(mol)
•<
6 anot (cue + ): 2Cr
>a = 0,085; b = 0,0545
X.
^ 0 , 0 8 5 5 = 13,68/(M + 96)
'
> C I . + 2e (su oxi hoa)
Tai catot xay ra su khir ion Na*.
X a c d i n h M : a = 13,68/(M + 96)
Dap an dung la A .
6. Dien phan (vdi dien cue tro) 200ml dung djch CUSO4 nong do x moi/1, sau mot
thoi gian thu dugc dung dich Y viln con mau xanh, c6 khdi lugng giam 8 gam so
+ 96 = 160 ^ M = 6 4 ( C u )
Vay y = 0,07.64 = 4 , 4 8 0 ( g )
Dap an diing la A .
4. Tien hanh dien phan (dien cue tro) 200 gam dung dich N a O H 10% den khi dung
dich N a O H trong binh dien phan c6 nong do 25% thi dirng lai. Tlie tich khi 0
hai dien cue da thoat ra (6 dktc) la
A . 22,4 l i t .
^120
>
Huong dan gidi
• 2OH- + H 2
2b < -
> H . T + ^ O.T
5. Khi didn phan NaCl nong chay (dien cue tro), tai catot xay ra
(0,035.2) ^ 0 , 2 8 ( m o l )
Ta c6:
= ^^(mol)
'20,
n
-(mol)
18
- ^ H 2 t + 0,502 ^
H2O- • 2 H + + 0 , 5 0 2 ^ + 2e
Catot (-):
n H20 C'i dien phan)
- > M i + H2S04 + 0 , 5 0 2
Catot
>:> i
(bj dien phan) = 200 - 80 = 1 2 0 (gam).
- Phuong trinh dien phan: H , 0
MSO4 +H2O
S.<>:
- Khdi luong dung dich bi giam chinh b i n g khdi lugng H . O bi dien phan:
* K h i t (giay):
MSO4 + H 2 0 -
dd'^
B. 168 lit.
C. 224 l i t .
D . 112 lit.
v6i dung dich ban dau. Cho 16,8 gam bgt sat vao Y , sau khi cac phan lifng xay ra
hoan toan, thu dugc 12,4 gam k i m loai. Gia trj ciia x la
A . 1,50.
2H.0
2H:t + 0,T
- Khdi luong NaOH khong thay doi (nhung do lugng H . O giam dan nen nong
do N a O H tang dan).
C. 1,25
D . 2,25.
Huong ddn gidi
P T H H : CuS04 + H 2 0 ^ C u i + ^ 0 2 t + H 2 S 0 4
Huong dan gidi
- K h i dien phan dung dich NaOH thi H^O bi dien phan:
B. 3,25.
a
Tacd:
^
a - > 0,5a
Phan ling
b <-
FeS04 + Cu i
b ->
i
a
64a + 32.0,5a = 8 = ^ 8 0 a = 8 = > a = 0 , l .
Fe + CUSO4
^o't-
b (mol)
.
;
Phan loai va pliKcfng
fiicU BT H6a lux-
phdp
Thanh
12 — Cii
Toan
Fe + H2S04(l)^>FeS04 + H 2 t
O.I <- 0.1 (mol)
16.8 - 56b - 56.0,1 + 64b = 12,4
Taco:
8b
.
= 1,2 => b = 0,l5.
Dodo
nc„,so4 =a + b = 0,l + 0,15 = 0,25(mol).
Vay
X
H2SO4
Theobaira: nFe2(S04)3 =0'^
D a p a n diing l a
=0,25/0,2-1,25(M).
Chu y: Axit
• i y
(sinh ra do dien phan dung djch
CUSO4)
tac dung vdi Fe.
dong dien khong d6i 2,68A (hieu sua't qua trinh dien phSn la 100%), thu duoc
chat ran X, dung djch Y va khf Z. Cho 12,6 gam Fe vao Y, sau khi cac phan utig
ke't thuc thu duoc 14,5 gam h6n hop kim loai va khi N O (san phdm khir duy nha't
cua N''^ ) . Gia trj cua t la
B. 0,3.
C.0,8.
D. 1,0.
Huong dan gidi
Theobaira: n^^^j^Q^ =0,15.1 =0,15mol.
Goi X , y Idn luot la so mol AgNO, bi dien phan va s6' mol AgNOj chua bi dien
phan =>x + y = 0,15.
2AgN03 + H2O ^ 2Ag + 2HNO3 + 1 /2O2
Ta c6:
y/2
0,1
'
se bj khir a catot:
[H*] = 0,1. 2/ 0,1 = 2M, nfin tiep theo
2H* + 2e ^ H , t
Do do, trong thcri gian t thi chi c6 Fe2(S04)3 bj dien phan theo phuong trinh tren,
hay noi each khac, o catot Fe^* bj khir hoan toan thanh Fe"*.
Fe-^*
+ ' le ^
Fe-*
(0,1.2) (mol)
(gi^)
Chii v: Trong day dien hod: Fe'V Fe, H^/H,, Fe'*/Fe-* ndn trir6c tien Fe^* se bj
khir thanh Fe"* (chu" khong tao thanh Fe), sau do H* -> H. t , ti^'p den Fe"* -> Fe
9. Khi dien phan mot dung djch vori dien cue tro, khong mang ngan thi dung djch
A. dung dich CUSO4
B. dung dich NaQ
C. dung djch H2SO4
-> 3x/8
->
0,1
0,2
Khi Fe2(504)3 het thi tao ra dung djch CO
dem dien phan la
X
D. dung djch H N O 3
Hu&ng ddn gidi
2AgN03 + Fe (du) -> Fe(N03)2 + ^Ag i
y
2FeS04 + H.SO4+ - O j
sau dien phan c6 pH tang so vdi dung djch truoc khi didn phan. Vay dung dich
8HNO3+3Fe (du) ^ 3 F e ( N 0 3 ) 2 + 2NO + 4H20
X
Trudc tien: Fe.(S04)3 + H^O
D a p a n d u n g ]a C.
=> Trong Y c6 AgNO, (AgNO, chua bj dien phan he't).
X ^
' '
A p dung phuong trinh Faraday, ta c6: t = (^'^-^^-^-^^^^^-2
2,68.3600
Fe + Y -> h6n hop kim loai (=> Ag, Fe du)
X
1 = 0 - ' ("^oO
C.
7, Dien phan 150ml dung djch AgNO^ I M v6\n circ tro trong t gicf, cuong d6
A. 1,2.
S. Dien phan 100ml dung dich Fe2(S04)3 I M (dien cue tro), vdi cucmg do dong difn I =
2,68A trong th6i gian t gior thl bat ddu c6 khi thoat ra or catot (hieu sua't ciia qua trinh
dien phan la 100%). Gia trj cua t la
A. 6
B.4
C.2
D. 1
Hu&ngddngidi
^
Phuong trinh didn phan cac dung djch:
y
* Dung dich CUSO4: CUSO4 + H 2 0 ^ C u + H2S04 +^0^
12,6 - (3x /8 + y/2).56 + 108y = 14,5
tang (do sinh ra H2SO4 va the' tich dung djch giam vi H^O bj dien
=> 80y - 2 Ix = 1,9 =^ X = 0, l;y = 0,05.
phan) => pH giam.
So mol electron trao ddi: n^ = nA . 1 = 0,1 (mol)
* Dung djch NaCl (khong c6 mang ngan):
Matkhac: n, = - ^ t = n , . F / I
=^ t = 0,1.96500/ 2,68 = 3600s = 1 gid
2NaCl + 2H2O
Dap a n dung la D.
> 2NaOH + CI2 + H2
;
CI 2 + 2 N a O H - » NaCl + NaClO + H2O
NaClO bj thuy phan:
NaClO + H2O ?=> NaOH + HCIO
,
40
riuiii
I QUI
va
pliircfiifi
pimp
giai
HI
Hon
hoc 12 - Ci'i Thanh Toan
n^j, = 22,7/108 = 0,21mol >
tang => p H tang.
OH
* Dung dich
H,S04:
H.O ^
H, + - O ,
' '
• '
Fe
10. Dien phAn vdi didn circ trof dung dich nao sau day thl pH ciia dung djch khong
3x/8^x
thay doi trong qua trinh dien phan?
C. NaNO,
D. HCi
'
(mol)
.. ,
=> 2 1 , 6 - 1 0 8 x + 11,2 + 7x = 22,7 =^ lOlx - 101 =^ X = 0,1
n'.n.F
0,1.1.96500
x
, ^.
....
Vayt =
= =^1,00(h)
Dap an dung la B.
1.3600
2,68.3600
^ '
12. Tien hanh dien phan (vdi dien circ tro) V li't dung dich CuCl, 0,5M. Khi dirng
C u C l 2 - > Cu i + C I 2 t
=> pH trirdc va sau dien phan thay doi.
- Dung dich A g N O , :
dien phan thu dugc dung djch X va 1,68 lit khi CK (dktc) duy nhat d anot. Toan
b6 dung dich X tac diing vira dii vdi 12,6 gam Fe. Gia tri ciia V la
4 A g N 0 3 + 2 H 2 O 4 A g + 4 H N O 3 + O2
A . 0,45.
=> p H thay doi.
- Dung dich NaNO,: 2 H 2 O
2H 2 + O2
B. 0,80.
C.0,60.
Huong dan gidi
D.0,15.
^
T h e o b a i r a : n ^ , = 0,075inol;np,. = 0,225mol
=> pH kh6ng thay d6i
,
(0,2-x)mol
Theo bai ra, ta cd: (0,2 - x ) . 108 + 5 6 . ( 1 , 6 + x ) / 8 - 2 2 , 7
Cu^^ + H20<:± C u ( O H f +
'
->
va 0 , 3 - 0 , 5 . ( 0 , 2 - x ) - 3 x / 8 = ( l , 6 + x)/8molFe
2C\'
CuClj -> Cu"^ +
-> F e ( N 0 3 ) , + 2 A g i
Chat rdn gom: (0,2 - x ) m o l A g
Huong dan gidi
- Dung dich CuCK:
2AgN03
3Fe + 8 H N 0 3 ^ 3 F e ( N 0 3 ) 2 + 2 N O + 4 H 2 O
Dap an diing la B.
B. A g N O ,
+
0,5.(0,2-x)<-(0,2-x)
the ti'ch giam =>[H*| tang => pH giiim.
A. CuCK
v6 ly. Vay k i m loai Fe con d u
Dodo:
V i lucmg H i O bi dien phdn nen cang giam
* Dung dich HNO,: Tucmg tir H , S 0 4 .
n^p,sj(,^ r=>
CUCI2 -> CU + CI2
- Dung dich HCI: 2HCI -> H2 + CI2
0,075 <-
R a p an diing la C.
=> pH thay doi.
CuClj + Fe ^
11. Dien phan dien circ t r o d u n g dich chiia 0,2 mol A g N O , vdi cirdng do dong dien
FeClj+Cu
0,225 <-0,225
2,68 A, trong thdi gian t g i d thu dugc dung dich X (hieu suat qua trinh dien phan
la 100%). Cho 16,8 gam bot Fe vao X tha'y thoat ra khi N O (san phiim khir duy
0,075
=>ncuci2 =0,075 +0,225 = 0,3mol
nhat) va sau cac phan i/ng hoan toan thu dugc 22,7 gam chat rSn. Gia trj ciia t la
A. 2,00
'
Theobaira:
B. 1,00
C.0,50
Huong dan gidi
D. 0,25
- 16,8/56 = 0,3(mol)
V i khoi Iirgng chat rdn Idn hon khdi lugng Fe nen A g N O , con du sau khi dien phan.
2 A g N 0 3 + H 2 O - > 2Ag i
+ 2HNO3 + ^ 0 3 !
vay V = ^
13. Dien phan dung dich CuCK vdi dien circ tro, sau mot thdi gian thu dugc 0,32
gam Cu d catot va mot lirgng khi X d anot. Hap thu hoan toan lugng khf X tren
vao 200 m l dung dich NaOH (d nhiet do thudng). Sau phan ung, ndng do N a O H
con lai la 0,05M (gia thict the tfch dung dich khdng thay ddi). Ndng do ban dau
cua dung dich N a O H la
B.0,2M.
A. 0,15M.
X
->
X
Gia sir k i m loai Fe het thi chat riin la A g
C. 0,1M.
Huong dan gidi
x(mol)
=> Trong dung dich X cd x mol H N O , va (0,2 - x) mol A g N O , .
Dap an dung la C.
= 0,60(1)
T h e o b a i r a : nc.„
=
nNaOH.uu.
—
= 0,005 (mol);
64
,
= 0 , 2 . 0 , 0 5 = 0,01 (mol).
D. 0,05M.
ift'v:
; ^
,
rh(1?i logi vd plfinr/ii^ priap i^iai IJl 11 oa nOC IZ -Lii
1 hanli 1 pan
cry 1 i\/itTivii
Cu-* + 2e
> Cu i
y
2y
y
CO khi thoat ra 0 catot (cue am) thi H2O bi dien phan:
Cac PTPU' xay ra:
Cuci,
""'^ > cui
+
a,T
0,005 mol ^ 0,005 mol
CI,
+
2NaOH
,
2H2O + 2e
> NaCl + NaClO + H^O
0,005 mol -> 0,01 mol
= 2. nci ^ = 2.0,005 = 0,01 (mol).
nNnOH= ^ n N a O H (ban
diu)
=^CN,OH (ban ddu)
= 0,01
+ 0,01
=
= 0,02
= 0,IM.
(mol)
*> i.,.-"? >
^„
,^ Q
14. Dien phan (didn cue trcf) dung djch mu6'i sunfat ciia m6t kim loai hod tri II vdri
dong dien ciromg d6 3A. Sau 1930 giay dien phan tha'y kh6'i lugng catot tang
1,92 gam.
a) Viet phuomg trinh hoa hoc ciia phan ling xay ra tai m6i dien cite va phuong
trinh hoa hoc chung cua sir dien phan.
b) Xac dinh ten kim loai.
Huong dan gidi
a) Tai catot (-):
M"^ + 2e ^
2H2O
Tai anot (+):
Mi
4H+ +
+ 2H2O
vrer
> 2 0 H ' + H j t , khi H.O phong difn thi A g \* da phong
x = 0,02,
0 ^
y = 0,02.
v a y CA^NO, = ^0,02 = 0,1(M)
^
'
'
(1)
i M
iiiiv
' '
(2)
|js,;.iO
i
Dap an dung la A.
0,2
2. Di6n phan dung djch h6n hop g6m 0,1 mol FeC^, 0,2 mol C u C l 2 v a 0,1 mol
HCl (dien cue tro). Khi o catot bat dSu thoat khi thi a anot thu dugc V lit khi
(dktc). Biet hieu sud't ciia qua trinh dien phan la 100%. Gia tri ciia V la
A. 5,60.
B. 11,20.
C. 22,40.
,D. 4,48.
,i|'i)
Huong ddn gidi
+ 4e
catot (cue am) chua c6 khi thoat ra thi chi c6 FeCl^ va CUCI2 bi dien phan:
PTHH cua phan ixng dien phan:
2 M S O 4
p^nun^
n.
dienhet.
Theo bai ra, ta c6: 180x + 64y = 3,44
T6ng s6' electron da tham gia trao d6i 0 catot:
^
I.t 0,402.4.3600 ^ . ,^ ,.
Ie= — =
=:0,06(mol)
F
96500
Dodo:
lx + 2y = 0,06
ii
Tir(l,2)tac6:
V uvvn
>
2M i + O2 t + 2 H 2 S O 4
, - ^.
A.I.t
m.n.F
ii'j >
b) Tu m =
=>A =
n.F
I.t
-n,
A- ^ . ' u ^
A 1,92.2.96500 ,
^
Thay s6 vao, ta tmh diroc: A =
= 64 (Cu)
3.1930
^ ^
Vay kim loai hoa tri I I la dong.
Dang 8: Bai tap dien phan h6n hop
>FeCl2+^Cl2T
FeClj
0,1 ^
CUCI2
0,2
0,05
> Cu + CI2 t
^
0,2
Khi thu duoc b anot la CI2: n^-^^ = 0,05 + 0,2 = 0,25mol
=> Vp^ = 0,25.22,4 = 5,60(1)
'»*'
Dap an dung la A.
Chii v: - ThiJ tu PTDP xay ra:
1. Dien phan 200 ml mot dung djch c6 chila 2 mu6'i la Cu(N03)2 va AgNO, v6i
ciromg do dong dien la 0,402A den khi hot khi bat dau thoat ra a catot thi ma't
thori gian la 4 gicK, khi do khoi luong cue am tang them 3,44 gam.
Ndng do mol cua AgNO, trong dung dich ban ddu la
A.O.IM.
B.0,15M.
C.0,2M.
D. 0,05M.
'
Huong dan gidi
Thii tu cac qua trinh xay ra a catot:
Ag* + le
X
Ix
> Agi
X
FeCl3-^FeCl2+^Cl2
C U C I 2 - ^ C u + Clj
2HC1-> H2 T+CI2
F e C l 2 - > F e + Cl2
,^
, ,
"
,,(1
- De ra bai nay thieu dilu kien mang ngan xe'p d^ can tror phan ling:
CI2 + 2FeCl2 ( d d ) 2 F e C l 3
>:
,1 f
3. Dien phan (dien circ tio, khong mang ngan, hieu sufl't 100%) dung dich chita 0,15
mol Cu(NO,)2 va 0,1 mol Fe(NO,), bang dong dien c6 circmg d6 lOA. Khoi
luong catot tang len sau 5790 giay dien phan la
A. 9,6 gam
B. 9,8 gam
C. 15,2 gam
D. 15,4 gam
Huong ddn gidi
Tac6:n
Fc'
^+ = 0 , l m o l ; n 2+ =0.15mol
Cu
t':;',it)
o. .
It
10.5790
S6 mol electron trao doi: n,. = — =
F
*
' •'
^
ngtrng dien phan. De yen blnh dien phan de cac phan ling xay ra hoan toan thi
B. 0,15
D. 0,6
Cu^^ + 2e
Cu i
Thu t u trong day dien hoa: F e ' V F e ; H V H 2 ; Fe'^VFe"^
i)
N6n chat bi dien pluui trirdc tien se la:
2Fe(NO,), + H.O ^ 2Fe(NO,), + 2HNO3 + ^ O j T
0,15->0,3->0,15(mol)
Theo cong thuc Faraday ta ti'nh duoc so mol Fe(NO,),i bi dien phan:
+ 2e ^ H2
np,./K.o,\i dicn phan) = —
^'^^^^h
H* duofc sinh ra do qua trinh oxi hoa H.O 0 catot:
=^"FC(N(),),
2H20^4H^+02+4e
I.t
1.2895
„.F
1.96500
= 0,03(mol)
= 0 . 0 3 ( m o l ) ^ n „ N ( ) , = 0 , 0 2 + 0,03 = 0 , 0 5 ( m o l ) .
Sau do xay ra phan u^ng thu ca'p:
0,6(mol)
3Fe(NO,)2 + 4 H N 0 , ^ 3 F e ( N 0 , ) , + NO t +2H2O
0,03
Vay khd'i luong catot tang: m = m,-,, =0,15.64 = 9 , 6 ( g )
>)ap a n d u n g l a A.
^
0,04
=> n„No, (con lai) = 0,05 - 0,04 = 0,01 (mol)
iom
- Ion H " bj khir tru6c ion Fe""
= CHNO,
- H* dirge .sinh ra do sir oxi hoa H 2 O b anot:
2H2O ^
AH^ + O2 + 4e
r^pH=
- S6' mol electron trao doi: n,. = It / F .
-Ig
( c 6 n l a i ) = ^ = 0,05(M)
D a p a n d i i n g l a C.
= - l g O , 0 5 = l,3
6. Dien phan 200ml dung dich chiia dong thai A g N O , I M va Cu(NO,): 2 M trong
4. Dicn phan dung dich h6n hofp chiia 0,1 mol FeCl,; 0,2 mol CuCK va 0,1 mol HCl
thofi gian 48 phiit 15 giay, vdi cuang do dong dien 10 ampe (dien cue tro, hieu
(dicn circ t r 0 , mang ngan xop). K h i a catot biit dfiu siii hot khi thi dirng dien
phan. Neu k i m loai thoat ra bam hoan toan vao catot thi tai thai diem nay khoi
luong catot da tang len
suat dien phan la 100%). Siiu dicn phan de yen binh dicn phan cho ciic phan u n g
A. 12,8 gam
A. 3,36
B. 5,6 gam
C. 18,4 gam
D. 2,0 gam
xay ra hoan toan thu duoc V li't khi N O (san phdm khu duy nhat, dktc). Gia t r j
cua V la
B.6,72
Huong ddn gidi
C. 1,68
Theobai ra: nAj.No, =0.2mol;ncu(NO3)2 = 0 . 4 m o l
De catot chua c6 k h f thoat ra th)
dien phan:
PTDP:
phai chua bj dien phan, do do Fe'^ va Cu'* bi
Fe'*+le-^Fe-*(dol)
D. 1,12.
Huong ddn gidi
Trat tir trong day dien hoa: Fe^'^/Fe; H ^ / H 2 ; Cu^^/Cu; Fe-^^/Fe^"^
PTDP:
54
C. 1,3
Huong ddn gidi
'
(0,6-0,1-0,3)
Chi'i v:
Fe(NO,)3 va 0,02 mol H N O , vdfi cucnig do dong dien 1 A. Sau 48 phiit 15 giay thi
Thcri gian dien phan: 48 phut 15 giay = 2895 (s)
Fe'^
0,1 ( m o l )
0,6 <-
D a p a n d i i n g l a A.
v a y mc„ = m,,,„, ,„„y, = 0,2. 64= 12,8 gam
5. Dien phan v6i dien cue tra (hieu suat 100%) dung djch chua d6ng thai 0,04 mol
A. 2
0,6( m o l )
96500
0,1->0,1 ^
2H^
Cu i
-> 0,2 (mol)
thu duoc 200 ml dung dich c6 pH la
Cac qua trinh xay ra a catot (-):
Fe^^ + le
Cu-* + 2e
0,2
2 A g N O , + H 2 0 - > 2 A g + 2HN03 + ^ 0 2
0,2
liiiC'";
1 • •
.0,2->0,2
55
Cu(N03)2 + H 2 O ^ C u + 2 H N 0 3 + - 0 2
X
-> X
^
2x
„
, I . t 10.(48.60+15)
Taco: — =
=0,3
F
96500
=> 0,2. 1 +
X.
2 = 0,3 =>
X
•>if.i •
.•
A
3 A g + 4 H N 0 3 -^3AgN03 + N 0 T + 2H2O
0,5
05
V3-MI
12
3 )
y
J
\
A.Z,X,Ni,Y
.22,4 = 1,68 (lit)
D a p a n diing la C.
j
7. Tien hanh dien phan 200 m l dung djch X g6m H C l 0 , 6 M va CUSO4 I M \6\
cuomg do dong dien I = 2,68 ampe trong thdi gian 2 gior (dien cue tro, c6 mang
B. 2,688 lit
C. 2,24 1ft
D . 1,344 lit
Hu&ng dan gidi
Theo bai ra: nHci = 0,12 m o l ; n^^^^ = 0,2mol
cr
Huong ddn gidi
Cdch 1:
Theo bai ra: n^^+ = " p ^ . H " "cu^* " " p b ^ * " ^ ' ^
0,12
-
2 ^
0,06 (mol)
Sau d o (CO the' c6): 2H2O - 4e
•
4H* + O ,
Thdi gian dd o x i hod het ion CP: t, =
n
0,1 - > 0,1 ( m o l )
(1)
T
.n.F
0,1
<-0,1 (mol)
Cu^^ + 2e ^ Cu i
(2)
0,1 - > 0,2 ( m o l )
0,12.1.96500
I
=4320(giay)
2,68
=
l,2(gic0
V i t, = 1,2 (gior) < 2(gi6r) => c6 (2) xay ra.
Thdi gian o x i hoa H^O (xay ra qua trinh (2))
t, = 2 - 1,2 = 0,8 (gior) = 2880 (giSy)
'
2 68 9880
A p dung c6ng thurc Faraday cho (2): n^^ = ' " ° ; ^ ^ ^ = 0,02(mol)
4.96500
V a y t6ng the ti'ch khi thoat ra a anot:
n kh,. = 560/ 22400 = 0,025 m o l .
Thii tif phong dien o catot:
Fe''* + le->Fe2+ ( d d )
-cu t
-e
D. Y, X, N i , Z.
Ag"^ + le - > A g i
,/ ()
6 anot (cue duong):
Trudc tien:
C. Z , N i , X , Y
9, Tien hanh dien phan dung dich 500ml h6n hgp A g N O , ; Cu(N03),; Fe(NO,),,;
Pb(N03)2 ( cac cha't c6 cung nong do 0,2M) biing dong dien c6 cuong do 9,65A.
£>i thu dugc 560ml k h i thoat ra 6 catot thi can thcfi gian dien phan la (the ti'ch
khi do or dktc, ditn cue tro, hieu sua't di6n phan 100%)
A. 4500s.
B. 8500s.
C. 6500s.
D . 1000s.
ngan, hieu sua't dien phan 100%). The ti'ch khi thoat ra b anot ( 0 dktc) la
A. 1,792 lit
B. X , Y , N i , Z
D a p an dung la A.
0,1/3
0,5
E ° N i - x ) = 0 , 4 0 V ; E | ' Y _ N i ) = 0 , 5 0 V ; E | ^ N i - Z ) =•''76 ( X , Y , Z l a cac k i m loai khac
Do do, thu" t u thu dugc cac k i m loai a catot khi dien phan la Z , X , N i , Y .
3Cu(NO3 )2 + 2 N O t + 4 H 2 O
• +
g Cho sua't dien dong chuan ciaa cac pin dien hoa:
Ti'nh khir cac k i m loai tang ddn theo trat tir: Z < X < N i < Y
0,05 ^ 0 , 4 / 3 ^
0,1
D a p a n diing la A .
Huong ddn gidi
0,2 + 0,1 = 0 , 3 mol HNO3
vay V=V^o =
= 1,792 (lit).
Z N i thi thii tir thu dugc cac k i m loai a catot la
0,2mol A g ; 0,05mol Cu;
3Cu + 8 H N O 3
=(0,06+0,02).22,4
sat). K h i didn phan dung dich h6n hop mu6'i clorua tao ra tCr cac k i m loai X , Y ,
= 0,05 (mol)
Suy ra: Sau khi ngimg dien phan c6:
PTPi;:
w
Va„„, - Vc,2 +
2 H ^ + 2e ^
H 2 t (khi thoat ra a catot)
0,05<-0,025 mol
( H * dugc sinh ra do qua trinh oxi hoa H^O d anot:
2H20->4H^+02+4e).
T6ng s6' mol electron cac cation da nhan a catot:
n , = 0,1 + 0,1+0,2 + 0,05 = 0 , 4 5 ( m o l )
M a n = 11 3>t = ^
F
I
= 0 4 5 ^
9,65
^
^
^
r i.-r
^
^
^
,^ A .
^^
S7
Cdch 2:
V i mjd g i a m = 10,75(g) < m c , ^ + m ^ , = 1 3 , 1 5 ( g )
A.I.t
Tir nif. =
He =
iiF
I.t
—
iiF
_ ,
Pc-n-F
=> t =
—
I
.
D o d o l o n g thcfi g i a n d i d n phan ciln thiet la:
t = 2.
0,I.1.965(X)^
+
9,65
0,1.2.96500
9,65
= > C u ^ ^ chua bj d i c n phan het, d o d o t r o n g d u n g djch sau dien phan c 6 C U ( N 0 3 ) ^ .
Khi Cr
0,025.2.96500
+-
9,65
' '
"
m c , ^ t + " V u i = 0 , 0 5 . 7 1 + 0,05.64 = 6 , 7 5 ( g ) < 1 0 , 7 5 ( g )
- 4500(s)
1 0 . D i e n philn c 6 m a n g ngan 5 0 0 m l d u n g d j c h c h i i a h 6 n h o p g o m C u C U 0 , 1 M va
bj d i e n phan het t h i :
:r>Cr
bj d i e n p h a n het va H , 0 da bj o x i hoa (V anot:
, ,
'
,
"'^ "
N a C l 0 , 5 M ( d i e n circ t r o , h i e u suat d i e n phan 1 0 0 % ) v6\g d o d o n g d i e n 5 A
H , 0 - > 2 H " + - 0 , + 2 e
t r o n g 3 8 6 0 g i a y . D u n g d j c h t h u dirge sau d i e n phan eo k h a n a n g hoa tan m gam
2
A l . G i a t r j Ion nhat cua m la
A . 5,40.
B.
1,35.
C. 2,70.
D. 4,05.
V a y t r o n g d u n g d j c h co: K \
Huong dan gidi
T h e o bai ra: n c c , ,
to, =
D a p a n d i i n g l a 1).
12. D i e n phan 20()ml d u n g d j c h l i 6 n h g j i g o m N a C I 0 , 5 M va C u ( N O , ) : 0 , 7 5 M ( d i c n
cue t r o , CO m a n g n g a n ) den k h i k h o i l i r g n g d u n g d j c h g i a m 1 1,65 g a m t h i d i r n g
> C u i , day la qua t r i n h khir xay ra dau t i e n )
A.I
0,05.64.2.96500
—
= 1930 ( g i a y ) < 3 8 6 0 ( g i a y ) .
64.5
=
l a i . D u n g d j c h t i n i dirge sau d i c n phan ehira cac chat tan la
A . N a C I va C u ( N O , ) :
B. N a N O , , H N O , va C i i ( N O , ) :
C . N a N O , va C u ( N O , ) :
D. N a N O , , N a C I va C u ( N O , ) :
=> T h o i g i a n d i e n phan H , 0 ( d catot) la 3 8 6 0 - 1930 = 1930 ( g i a y ) .
2 H , 0 + 2e
c
Suyra:
noH =
It
>
20H"+H,t
5.1930
, ^
,^
= 0,1 ( m o l )
=
+ OH
0,1 < - 0 , l
-i-3H:0
> |Al(OH)J
Huong dan gidi
Theobaira:
i
\
Phirong t r i n h d i c n p h a n :
-TrU(5c tien: C u ' ^ + 2 C r
+ | H.
^ ' l i ^ C u i + CI, t
0,05<-0,l
(mol)
V a y m = m^i
nj^j.^i-"0,2.0,5-0,1 (mol)
"cu,N<),)2=0-2-0'75=0,15(mol)
n.F
1.96500
Phuorng t r i n h hoa hoc hoa tan A l t r o n g d u n g d j c h t h u dirge:
Al
ti'rc la co cac chat t a n :
KN0,,HN0„Cu(N03),.
D e k h i r het i o n C u " * t h l thcji g i a n d i e n phan can:
mc„.n.F
* ,Cu"^ ,NO,
= 0,5. 0.1 = 0,05 ( m o l ) .
n^aci = 0,5. 0,5 = 0,25 ( m o l ) .
( C u - * + 2e
-
D a p an diing la C.
= 0 , 1 . 27 = 2,70 ( g a m ) .
1 1 . D i e n phan d u n g d j c h g o m 7,45 g a m K C I va 28,2 g a m C u ( N O , ) , ( d i e n cue t r o ,
m a n g ngan x o p ) d e n k h i k h o i l u g n g d u n g d j c h g i a m d i 10,75 g a m t h i n g i r n g
>0,05->0,05
^^-^'-^
=>m,,
= 0,05. 64 + 0,05. 7 I = 6,75 ( g a m )
-Tieplhco:
C u ^ ' + H , O ^ ^ C u i
+
.Oi:.: .
2H'+|o, T
d i e n phan (gia thiet l i r g n g nirdrc bay h o i k h o n g d a n g k e ) . Tat ea cac cha't tan
0,1
t r o n g d u n g d j c h sau d i e n phan la
A . K N O , va K O H .
B. K N O „ K C I va K O H .
C. KNO3 va C u ( N O j ) , .
D . K N O „ H N O , va C u ( N 0 j ) 3 .
Huong dan gidi
T h e o b a i ra: ^^^Q\1 m o l => n
md.,„a
>
0,1
->
0,05
,„ = 0,1.64 + (),05.32 = 8(gam)
V I m,,,,„„ + m,,,„
,„„
= 6,75 + 8 = 14,75g ( > 11,65 g a m )
d i e n phan het ( C f da bj d i c n plnui het).
Qr*
chua b,
...
V a y d u n g d j c h t h u d u g c c h u a chat t a n : C u ( N O , ) , ; H N O , ; N a N O ,
_ —0,1 m o l
,
"cu(N03)2 = 0 , 1 5 ( m o l ) = > n ^ . ^ 2 ^
^
D a p a n d i i n g l a 15.
=0,15mol
59
an loai vii phifcfng
phcip gidi Bl Hon hoc 12 — Cii Thanh
Toan
Dang 9: Bai tap dien phan h6n hop C U S O 4 + NaCl
1. Dien phan dung dich chiia a mo! C U S O 4 va b mol NaCl (vdi dien cue tro, c6
mang ngan xop). De dung dich sau dien phan lam phenolphtalein chuyen sang
mau h6ng thi dieu kien ciia a va b la (bid't ion S O 4 " ' khong bj difin phan trong
dung dich)
A. 2b = a.
B. b < 2a.
C. b = 2a.
D. b > 2a.
Huong dan gidi
Phuong trinh difin phan:
CUSO4
+ CI2 t + Na2S04
+ 2NaCl -> Cu i
a(mol)
£>i dung djch sau di6n phan lam phenolphtalein chuyen sang mau h6ng thi NaC!
phai du trong qua trinh tren, do do dung djch NaCl bj dien phan sinh ra NaOH:
2NaCl + 2H3O -> 2NaOH + CK +
Do do b > 2a.
Dap an dung la D.
2. Dien phan vdi dien circ tro, mang ngan xdp h6n hop dung djch gdm 2a mol NaCl
va a mol C U S O 4 , den khi catot xua't hien bot khi thi ngirng dien phan. Trong qua
trinh dien phan tren, khi sinh ra a anot la
A. CI.
B. CUvaO.
C. H ,
D. O.
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Phuong trinh dien phan:
CUSO4
+ 2NaCl ^
Cui
a (mol)
2a (mol)
catot
a
-> a/2
CUSO4
-^Cu + - 0 2 + H2S04
+ H2O-
a
a
,
2)
a anot xay ra cac qua trinh:
2Cr-2e
>CU
1
-^2H*+-02
2 ^
Do do, san pham thu duoc d anot gdm khi CK va khi O..
Dap an dung la C.
1. Dien phan 2 lit dung dich hdn hop gdm NaCl va C U S O 4 den khi H.O bj dien
phan d hai circ thi dirng lai, tai catot thu 1,28 gam kim loai va anot thu 0,336 lit
khi (d dieu kien tieu chudn). Coi the tich dung dich khdng ddi thi pH cua dung
dich thu duoc bang
A. 12
B. 13
Sd mol khi thu duoc d anot:
anot
6 anot (+):
=0,336/22,4 = 0,015(mol)
+
2e
0,04
<-
0,02 (mol)
H2 +20H-
+ 2e
2cr
CI2
t +2.1e
X - >
(CUSO4
het => NaCl cQng het) thi phuong trinh dien phan tiep theo
H2O
2H2O
2H2 t + O2 t
catot
anot
Vay khi thu duoc a anot la CI. va O. (da'u v6't)
Cu 4
Cu^*
2H2O
Catot ( - ) : C u ^ ^ + 2 e - > C u i
D. 3
Kim loai thu duoc d catot la Cu: n^u = 1,28/64 = 0,02(mol)
6 catot (-):
+ CI2 T + Na2S04
C.2
Huong ddn gidi
Anot(+): 2 C r - ^ C l 2 t+2.1e
Khi Cu-* het
xay ra:
11
H20-2e
• -i
2a(mol)
-^Cu + Cl2 +Na2S04
2NaCl + C U S O 4
2x (mol)
2H^+-02T+2e
2 ^
4y <- y -> 4y(mol)
Gia su toan bd khi d anot la CI, thi n, (nhudng) = 0,015. 2 = 0,03 (mol) < n, (Cu
Dap an dung la B.
3. Dien phan (vdri dien cue tra) mot dung dich gom NaCl va C U S O 4 cd cung sd mol,
den khi 0 catot xua't hien bot khi thi dumg di6n phan. Trong ca qua trinh didn
phan tren, san phsim thu duoc d anot la
A. chicdkhiCU
B. khf CU va H , C. khi CK va O.
D. k h i H . v a O ,
Huong ddn gidi
Phircmg trinh didn phSn:
nhan) = 0,04 (mol).
Do dd 0 catot, H.O chua bj khir
d anot, C r va H.O bi oxi hoa.
Goi X , y \in luot la sd mol Cl2,02 trong khi thu duoc d anot.
Ta co:
x + y = 0,015
2x + 4y = 0,04
, sEi'/f
PIHIII loai va p/ii/an}' phap i>idi BT H6a hoc 12 - Ci) Thanh
2 Trong phirong phap thuy luyen dung de dl^u che Ag tir quang c6 chiia Ag,S, can
dung them
A. dung dich HNO, dac va Zn.
B. dung djch NaCN va Zn.
• '4• . '
Giairadugc: x=0,01: y = 0,005
=4y = 4.0,005 =0,02 (mol)
= 0,02/2 = 0,01 = 10""M
Vay pH = - l g [ H ' ] = - l g ( K r 2 j ^ 2
5. Dien phan (dien circ
bang dong dien c6
9650 giay dien phan
A. 1,792 lit
Dap an diing la C.
tro) dung dich X chiia 0,2 mol CUSO4 va 0,12 mol NaCl
cuong do 2A. The ti'ch khf (dktc) thoat ra 0 anot sau
la
B. 2,240 lit
C. 1,344 lit
D. 2,912 lit
Huong dan gicii
Cac qua trinh xay ra a anot (+):
.
Tnroc tien: 2 C r -2e
H,0-2e
+4NaCN,a,,
> 2Na|Ag(CN),l + Na,S
Zn + 2Na[Ag(CN),|,,„
> 2Ag + Na, IZn(CN)J
l_
).2H^+-0, t
4. Day gom cac kim loai dugc d\6u che trong cong nghiep bang phirong phap dien
phan hop cha't nong chay ciia chung la
A. Na, Ca, Zn.
B. Na, Cu, Al.
C. Na, Ca, A l .
D. Fe, Ca, Al.
(mol)
2.9650
= 0,06.2+ X.4 z:>(),2 = 0,12 + 4x=>4x = 0,08 =>x = 0,02.
9650
Vay the ti'ch khf thoat ra a anot:
V = V^.,^ + V 0 2 -(0,06+ 0,02).22,4 = 1,792(1).
*
.
Dap an dung la A.
Huong dan gidi
Trong cong nghiep, phuoiig phap dien phan nong chay dugc ap dung de di^u che
cac kim loai manh (truoc A l va Al) nhu Na, Ca, Al,....
NaCl
) Na+ i - C l . t
CaCl,
) Ca + C K t
2A1:03
> 4A1 + 3 0 , t
Dang 9: Bai tap dieu che kim loai
Dap an diing la C.
1. Nguyen tdc chung duoc dung de di6u che kim loai la:
J
A. Cho hop chat chiia ion kim loai tac dung voi cha't oxi hoa.
B. Cho horp chat chiia ion kim loai tac dung v6i chat khir.
C. Khii ion kim loai trong hop chat thanh nguyen tir kim loai.
D. Oxi hoa ion kim loai trong hop chat thanh nguyen tir kim loai.
ne
A. CuvaAg.
M
nguyen tir kim loai
Ion kim loai
Khir ion kim loai trong hop chat thanh nguyen tir kim loai.
Dap an dung la H.
6- Hai kim loai c6 the dugc diSu che bang phirong phap dien phan dung djch la
11+
+
5. Day cac kim loai deu c6 the dugc dieu che' biing phuong phap dien phan dung
dich muoi cua chiing la
A. Ba, Ag, Au.
B. Fe, Cu, Ag.
C. Al, Fe, Cr.
D. Mg, Zn, Cu.
Huong dan gidi
Cac kim loai c6 tinh khir trung binh va yen c6 the dieu che bang phuong phap
dien phan dung djch muoi chung.
Cac kim loai do c6 the la Fe, Cu, Ag.
Huong dan gidi
Nguyen tdc chung de dieu che kim loai:
M
Dap an diing la B.
Dap an dung la A.
2
— = nci2 -2 + no, .4
Ta co:
Ag.S
3. Tir 0,1 mol Ag^S, nguoi ta di^u che kim loai bac bang phirong phap udt can vira
dii V ml dung dich NaCN I M va m gam Zn (cac phan ling xay ra hoan toan).
Gia tri cua V va m Ian lunt la
A. 400 va 6,5.
B. 200 va 6,5.
C. 400 va 13,0.
D. 200 va 13,0.
>CK t
X
'•unrmA ,1^'.
j^j^, .
C. dung dich H:S04 dac, nong va Zn.
D. dung dich HCl dac va Zn.
Huong dan gidi
Cac PTPU'xay ra:
Vay can dung them dung dich NaCN va Zn.
0,12->0,12^ 0,06 (mol)
Sau do:
Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khan^ ViJt
Todii
B. A l v a M g .
C. Na va Fe.
D. Mg va Zn.
Huong dan gidi
Cac kim loai Cu, Ag c6 the dieu che bang phuong phap dien phan dung dich:
Dap an diing la C.
Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khans Viet
CuS04 + H . O
"^'^ > Cu + H,S04 +
2AgN03 + H.O - ^ i e ^
)4o,
-
2 A g + 2HNO3 + ) ^ O .
D a p a n dung la A.
7. K i m loai nao sau day d i l u che dugc bang phircfng phap thuy luyen?
A. Mg.
,
B. K.
C. Ca.
^P";, >
2AUO,
D. Cu.
criolit
Dap an dung la B.
11. Day cac k i m loai d^u c6 thd' dieu chd'bang phuong phap thiiy luyfin la
A . Ca, A l , H g , A u .
B. Cu, A g , H g , A u .
C. M g , A g , H g , A u .
D . Na, A g , H g , A u .
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Cac k i m loai c6 tmh khir trung binh hoac yeu (sau A l trong day dien hoa) c6 the
d i l u c\\€ bang phuong phap thiiy luyen => K i m loai Cu.
D a p a n d u n g l a 1).
8. Day cac k i m loai d^u c6 thd' duoc di^u ch6' bang phuong phap di6n phan dung
dich mudi (vdi dien cue tro) la
A . L i , A g , Sn.
B. N i , Cu, A g .
C. Ca, Z n , Cu.
D . A l , Fe, Cr.
Huong ddn gidi
Cac k i m loai trung binh va y6'u (sau A l ) c6 the duoc d i l u che bang phuong phap
4A1 + 3 0 ,
Chii y: Cac k i m loai manh nhu L i , Ca, A l , ... khdng the dieu che bang phuong
phap dien phan dung dich.
9. Nhom k i m loai nao sau day ma khi di^u ch6' chi duoc dung phuong phap dien
phan nong chay?
C.K,Al,Cr,Cu
^
Huong ddn gidi
trung binh va yeu. Thi du:
Zn + C U S O 4
> Cu + ZnS04
, ,^
Zn + 2 N a [ A g ( C N ) J ^ 2 A g + Na2 [ Z n ( C N ) ^
Zn + H g ( N O 3 ) , - > H g + Zn ( N O , )
Zn + 2Na A u ( C N )
•2Au + N a , Z n ( C N ) ^
D a p a n dung la B.
D a p an dung la B.
B.Na,Ca,Mg,Al
,
Phuong phap thuy luyen duoc ap dung de di^u ch6' cac k i m loai c6 tinh khu
dien phan dung djch mudi => cac k i m loai la N i , Cu, A g .
A.Na,Fe,Al,Cu
f, ;/
12. Phan ung thiiy luyfen dieu chd' k i m loai la
A . CO,+ N a r A l ( O H ) ^ ]
C. Na A g ( C N ) .
B.CUSO4 + NH3 + HjO
D. HgS + O ,
+ Zn
Huong ddn gidi
D.Fe,Cr,Cu,Sn
Phuong phap thuy luyen va phuong phap dung k i m loai c6 ti'nh khuf manh hon
Huong ddn gidi
Cac k i m loai manh (nhom l A , I I A , A l , ...) chi duoc dieu che bang phuong phap
ddy k i m loai ya'u hon ra khoi dung djch hop chat.
dien phan nong chay => Cac k i m loai do la Na, Ca, M g , A l .
Thidu:
2 N a [ A g ( C N ) 2 ] + Z n — ^ 2 A g 4 + Na2Zn(CN)4
D a p an dung la B .
10. Tir hdn hop M g O , CuO, A U O , de diau che cac k i m loai tucfng ling, ngoai cac
hoa chat, cin diing thfim cac phuong phap di6u che k i m loai la
A . nhiet luydn va dien phan dung dich
,, I
D a p a n d i i n g l a C.
13. Phan ling hoa hoc nao sau day la sai?
A . 2Ag:S + 3 0 , — ^ 2 A g 2 0 + 2S02
''
B. nhiet luyen va di6n phan nong chay
B. SiO, + Na,CO, — ! — > Na^SiO,, + CO,
C. nhidt luy6n va thuy luyen
D. thuy luydn va dien phan dung dich.
Hu&ng ddn gidi
+ Di^u che Cu bang phuong phap nhiet luyen
Miilmuhn
,0
CuO + CO — ^
Cu + CO,
+ Di^u che M g , A l ( k i m loai manh) bang phuong phap di6n phan nong chay:
M g O + 2HC1 - > M g C l , + H , 0
MgCl,
^P"' > M g + CI,
C. 3 F e , 0 , + CO — ^
D. Z n O + C — ^
2Fe,04 + CO,
Z n + CO
Huong ddn gidi
K h i ddt chay bac sunfua Ag,S bang O, thu dugc A g k i m loai va SO,:
Ag,S + 0 , — ^ 2 A g + S02
D a p a n diing la A.
Plidn loai va phiranij p/icip j-'uii BT Hoa hoc 12 -Cu Thanh Toon
Cly TNHH MTV DVVH Khang Viet
14. Khi nung 23,2 gam sunfua ciia mot kim loai hoa tri I I trong khong khf, roi lam
ngu6i san phiiim thu dugc m6t chat long va mot chat khi. Lirong san phaim khf
nay lam mA't mau dung djch c6 chiia
A. 25,4 gam iot.
C. 38,1 gam iot.
B. 12,7 gam iot.
D. 50,8 gam iot.
'
.
Huang dan gidi
Khi nung sunfua kim loai trong khong khi:
MS,,, + 0,,k,
>
M,0«,,
+
Theo bai ra: n^^^sl.^^ = 98(gam)
SO:,k,
oxit kim loai
PTPLT:
=> Loai trucmg hop nay \i oxit kim loai la chtft ran.
MS,,) + 0 , | „
> M
16. Cho luong khf H , (du) di qua ong chiia dong thcJi 0,1 mol m6i chat sau day dot
nong : MgO, Fe,04, A1,0, va ZnO. Sau khi cac phan ung xay ra hoan toan, dan
toan bo khi va hoi thu dugc qua binh dung 100 gam dung djch H2S0498% (cho
rang H, du khong phan ling vdi H,vS04 dac, hoi nudrc bi ha'p thu het). Nong d6 %
ciia dung djch H 2 S O 4 thu dugc la
A. 85,66%
B. 91,42%
C. 84,34%
D. 89,9%
Huong dan gidi
Fe304 + 4H2
3Fe + 4H2O
.
0,1
->
0,4
(MgO, AUO, va ZnO khong bi H , khu)
+ SO,,,)
kim loai
=> Kim loai M athe long (khi lam ngu6i) => M la thuy ngSn (Hg), sunfua la HgS.
PTPLT:
HgS + O,
Chu v.- ZnO khong bj khu boi CO, H,/t", bj khu bai C:
.0
ZnO + C—^—>Zn + CO
+
I , + 2H,0
> H,SO, + 2HI
0,1 (mol)
= 0,1. 254 = 25,4 (gam).
Huong dan gidi
Khi H,, 6 nhiet do cao khir duoc cac oxit ciia cac kim loai yeu (CuO), kim loai
trung binh (sau Zn, nhu Fe^O,):
H , + CuO — ^
,
(2) Cho Fe vao dung djch Fe,(S04),;
(3) C\ Na vao dung djch C U S O 4 ;
(4) Dan khi CO (du) qua bot CuO nong.
Cac thi nghiem c6 tao thanh kim loai la
A.(l)va(2).
B. ( l ) v a ( 4 ) .
C. (3) va (4).
Huong ddn gidi
D. (2) va (3).
PTHH
(1) Zn + 2AgNO, -> Zn ( N O , )^ + 2Ag i
Fe f Fe2(S04), ^3FeS04
2Na + 2 H 2 O
+ CUSO4
^ Na2S04 + C u ( O H ) ^
+
H2
(4) CO + CuO^>Cu + C02
Cu + H , O t
3H,,j,, + Fe,03 — ^
17. Tien lanh cac thi nghiem sau:
(1) CI o Zn vao dung djch AgNO,;
Dap an dung la A .
15. Cho lu6ng khi H , (du) qua h6n hop cac oxit CuO, Fe^Oj, ZnO, MgO nung a
nhiet do cao. Sau phan ling h6n hop rdn con lai la
A. Cu, Fe, Zn, Mg.
B. Cu, Fe, Zn, MgO.
C. Cu, FeO, ZnO, MgO.
D. Cu, Fe, ZnO, MgO.
*
198.100%
=
=91,42%
107,2
Dap an diing la B.
„ ,
,
0,1 mol
0,1
=>
^ C % H , S O 4
> Hg + SO,
23.2
^
232
SO,
Suy ra: m,, = 100 + 0,4. 18 = 107,2 (gam)
2Fe + 3 H , 0 t
Dap an dung la B.
,.
18. Tliuc hidn cac thi nghidm sau:
0
(a) Nhiet phan AgNOi.
H, + ZnO — — > khong xay ra (vSn con ZnO)
I.'^^i'
(b) Nung FeS, trong khong khi.
,0
MgO + H ,
> khong xay ra (van con MgO).
Sau phan ung, trong chat rdn c6 Cu, Fe, ZnO, MgO.
., '
(c) Nhiet phan KNO,.
(d) Cho dung djch
Dap an dung la C.
CUSO4
vao dung djch NH, (du).
. ,
(e) Cho Fe vao dung djch C U S O 4 .
(g) Cho Zn vao dung djch FeCl., (du).
(h) Nung Ag,S trong kh6ng khi. (i) Cho Ba vao dung djch
CUSO4
(du).
Phdn loai va p/iirf/iii^ pliap i^icii BT Hoa hoc 12 -Cu Thanh Toan
21. Khir hoan toan m gam oxit M,Oy cdn vCra dii 17,92 lit khi CO (dktc), thu dugc a
gam kim loai M . Hoa tan het a gam M bang dung dich H 2 S O 4 dac nong (du), thu
dugc 20,16 lit khi SO, (san pham khu duy nhat, 6 dktc). Oxit M.Oj, la
FeO
B. CrO
D. Cr,0,
D. Fe,04
Huong dan gidi
,;
S6' thi nghifim thu dirpc kim loai sau khi cac phan ling ket thiic la
C. 4.
Huong dan gidi
PTHH xay ra khi thirc hifin thi nghiem:
B. 3.
A . 2.
(1):
AgNO
D. 5.
I
1
-!-^Ag4+N02+-02
.0
4FeS2 +1IO2
A
- VI Hf-o ^ nso2 => ^^'"1 •o'J' ^
->2Fe20, +8SO2
^^^y
(trong oxit c 6 so' oxi
hoa tha'p, trong muoi sunfat c6 s6' oxit hoa cao).
- Neu trong oxit, so oxi hoa ciia M la +2, trong mu6'i sunfat len +3 thi khi
KNO
^
2 ^
CUSO4 + 6NH3 + 2 H 2 O ^
(2):
Theobai ra: n^-Q = O,8mol;n<5(^2 =0,9mol.
Fe + CUSO4
[Cu ( N H 3 )4 ] ( O H ) 2 + ( N H 4 \4
nco =
Tiol thi n<^2 = ^-npo = l,2mol.
Nhung theo bai ra n^^j^ = 0,9 < 1,2 => Chi mot phdn kim loai M thay doi s6' oxi
FeS04 +Cui
hoa. Vay oxit phCi hgp la Fe,04.
Zn + 2FeCl3 (du) -> 2FeCl2 + ZnClj
Dap an diing la D.
(3):
AgjS + O2 -> 2Ag i +SO2
Ba + CUSO4 + 2 H 2 O - > C U ( 0 H ) 2 + BaS04 + H 2
Dap an diing la B.
19. Trucmg hofp nao sau day tao ra kim loai?
22. Khu hoan toan 6,4 gam M,Oy can 2,688 lit CO, lugng kim loai thu dugc cho tac
dung hoan toan \6\g djch HCl du sinh ra 1,792 lit H,. Bie't cac ihi ti'ch khi
deu do a dktc, vay M.Oj, la
A . ZnO
B. FeO
C. F e A
D . Fe^O,
Hu&ng dan gidi
A. D6't FeSj trong oxi du.
- V i Vf-o ^
B. Nung h6n hofp quang apatit, da xa van va than coc trong 16 dung.
- Vi
C. D6't A g 2 S trong oxi du.
^
loai A (ZnO); B (FeO).
= 1,5.VH^ => oxit la F e A - That vay:
Fe203 + 3C0
D. Nung h6n hop quang photphorit, cat va than c6'c trong 16 dien.
Huong dan gidi
2(Fe + 2HCl
> 2Fe + 3 C O 2
>FeCl2 + H 2
PTHH cac phan iJng xay ra: 4 F e S 2 + 1 I O 2 -> 2Fe203 + 8SO2
Quang apatit + da xa van + than c6'c
Dap an dung la D.
phan lan nung chay
Dang 10: Bai tap tdng hcrp
A g 2 S + O2 - » 2Ag + SO2
Ca3 (PO4 )^ + 3Si02 + 5C -> 2P + 3CaSi03 + SCO
=> Truong hop tao ra kim loai la C.
1. Phan u-ng dien phan dung djch CuCU (vdi dien cue trcr) va phan umg an m6n dien
Dap an dung la C.
20. Cho cac chat: CuCO,, dung dich NaOH, dung djch HCl, CO. Cac hoa chat toi
thieu cdn dung de dieu che Cu bang phuong phap nhiet luyen la
A. CuCOj va dung dich HCl
C.CuCOj
PTHH:
B. CuCO, va CO
D. CuCO,, HCl, NaOH va CO
Huong dan gidi
CUCO3 — ^
CuO + CO-
CuO + C O 2
hoa xay ra khi nhung hgp kim Zn - Cu vao dung djch HCl c 6 dac diem la
A . Phan ling 6 cue am c 6 sir tham gia ciia kim loai hoac ion kim loai.
B. Phan ling xay ra luon kem theo sir phat sinh d6ng dien.
C. Deu sinh ra Cu b cue am.
,.^,. „
D. Phan ling a circ duomg deu la sir oxi hoa CI".
, „}, , „
.
Huong dan gidi
* Qua trinh dien phan (tieu ton dien nang) dung djch CuCU (dien cue tra):
-^Cu + CO.
Dap an dung la B.
Cue (-):
Cu^^ + 2e
> Cu
(khu)
Cuc(+):
2Cr-2e
>Cl2
(oxi hoa)
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