Ly thuyet Cau gian tiep lay ve day ngay

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<b>Chuyên đề :</b>

DIRECT SPEECH AND REPORTED SPEECH

<b>I. Lời nới trực tiếp và lời nói gián tiếp. </b>

<i><b>a. Lời nói trực tiếp</b></i>: là sự lặp lại chính xác những từ của người nói.

- Lời nói trực tiếp được đặt trong dấu ngoặc kép và sau động từ chính có dấu phẩy(,) hoặc
dấu hai chấm(:).

- Đơi khi mệnh đề chính cũng có thể đặt sau lời nói trực tiếp.
Ex: “ I don’t like this party” Bill said.

<i><b>b. Lời nói gián tiếp (indirect/reported speech)</b></i> là lời tường thuật lại ý của người nói.
Ex: “ I don’t like this party” Bill said.

=> Bill said that he didn’t like that party.
<b>II.Lời nói gián tiếp với động từ giới thiệu ở hiện tại</b>

Nếu động từ tường thuật ở thì hiện tại đơn, hiện tại tiếp diễn,HTHT hoặc TLai, thì chỉ
thay đổi ngơi, đại từ nhân xưng tân ngữ,tính từ sỡ hữu, đại từ sỡ hữu và đại từ phản thân :
<i>Ex: My teacher of Geography </i><b>says, </b><i>“ The Sun rises in the East.”</i>

<i> My teacher of Geography </i><b>says </b><i>( that ) the Sun rises in the East.</i>

They say to us, “we will see you next week”
–> They tell us they will see us next week.
He says, “I’m feeling ill”

–> He says (that) he is feeling ill.
She has said : “ I’m tired now.”

–> She has said that she is tired now.

<b>III. Lời nói gián tiếp với động từ giới thiệu ở quá khứ</b>

<i>Ex: Nam<b> said</b>, “ I am doing my homework now.”</i>
<i> Nam <b>said</b> (that) he was doing his homework then.</i>

<b>IV. Quy tắc chuyển từ lời nói trực tiếp sang lời nói gián tiếp</b>
<b> 1, Thay đổi thời của động từ.</b>

Trực tiếp Gián tiếp Ví du

* Simple present

* Present Continuous

* Simple Past
* Present Perfect

* Simple Future

* Simple past

* Past Continuous

* Past Perfect

* Future in the past

“I live in a small house,” she said

 She said (that) she lived in a

small house

“I am writing a letter,” he said 

He said (that) he was writing a
letter.

“I have seen that film,” he said 

He said (that) he had seen that film
“I will help you” John said 

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* To be going to + Vinfi

* Can
* May
* Must
* Will

* Was/Were going to+Vinfi

* Could
* Might

* Had to/Must
* Would

“ I am going to meet him” she said

 She said she was going to meet

him

“I must finish my work” he said.

 He said he had to finish his

work.

<b> 2, Thay đổi đại từ chỉ định, trạng từ chỉ địa điểm và trạng từ chỉ thời gian.</b>

Trực tiếp Gián tiếp

Today
Tonight

Next/ on Tuesday
Next + Time
Now

Ago

Two days ago
Tomorrow
Tomorrow night
Yesterday

Last night

Last + Time

The day after tomorrow The day
before yesterday
Here
These
This
Overhere
so/such
That day
That night

The following Tuesday.
The following + Time
Then

Before

Two days before/earlier.

The next day/ the following day/ the day after
The next night

The day before/ the previous day
The night before/ The previous night
The previous + Time

In 2 days’ time
Two days before.
There

Those
That
Overthere
Very
<b> </b>

<b> 3, Thay đổi đại từ nhân xưng chủ ngữ ,tân ngữ và tính từ sở hữu.</b>

Trực tiếp Gián tiếp

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Yours
Me
Us
You

mine/ours
him/her
them
me/us

<b>V. Các cách chuyển đổi cơ bản</b>

<b>1. Câu trần thuật trong lời nói gián tiếp ( Statements in reported speech)</b>

<i><b>Statement</b></i> <i><b>Reported speech</b></i>

<b>“S + V + O”</b>

<b> said / to Sb (O) + That + S2 V2</b>
<b>S1 + told (O) + That + S2 V2</b>

<b> talked + about st</b>

<i>*Note: Có thể sử dụng một số ĐT dẫn sau: thought, </i>
<i>announced, explained, complained, believed…</i>

EX: They said, “We’ll return to Paris next month”

- They said they would return to Paris the month after.

<i><b>a. Say(s) to somebody + a statement –> </b><b>tell(s) somebody + (that) + clause :</b></i>
<i><b> Said to somebody + a statement –> </b><b>told somebody + (that) + clause :</b></i>
<i><b>b. Say(s) + a statement –> </b><b>say(s) that + clause</b></i>

<i><b> Said to somebody + a statement –> </b><b>told somebody + (that) + clause :</b></i>

Ex :

“I’ve finished all my homework”, he said to me.
–> He told me that he had finished all his homework.

“I’m going to Hanoi tomorrow”, he said.

–> He said that he was going to Hanoi the next day.
He says to her, “you must do your exercise”

–> He tells her that she must do her exercise

<b>2. Câu hỏi trong lời nói gián tiếp (Questions in reported speech)</b>

<i><b>Questions</b></i> <i><b>Reported speech</b></i>

<i><b>1. Yes/No questions</b></i>
Auxiliary + S + V + O?
(Do/does/did/had/will)

S1 + asked (+ Object) + If/whether + S2V2

<i><b>2. Wh – questions</b></i>

WH + Auxiliary + S + V + O? S1 + asked (+ Object) + WH + S2V2

<i>*Note: Có thể sử dụng một số ĐT dẫn sau: inquired, </i>
<i>wondered, wanted to know…</i>

“Where do you often meet your friends?” she said.
–> She asked where I often met my friends

<b>3. Câu mệnh lệnh, câu yêu cầu, câu đề nghị, lời khuyên….trong lời nói gián </b>

<b>tiếp (Orders, requests, offers, advice… in indirect speech</b><i><b>)</b></i>

<b>Thường được mở đầu bằng các động từ : ask, request (yêu cầu), tell, command, </b>
<b>order (ra lệnh), advise, invite, remind,invite….</b>

<b>a.Câu mệnh lệnh, đề nghị , yêu cầu,….</b> : Là loại câu dùng để u cầu, đề nghị ai đó
làm gì. Có hai loại câu mệnh lệnh : Mệnh lệnh khẳng định và mệnh lệnh phủ định

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<b>- Mệnh lệnh phủ định: Don’t + V + O.</b>

<i><b>Indirect speech</b></i> <i><b>Reported speech</b></i>

<b>(Don’t) + V + O.</b>

<b> Please + V_infinitive</b>

<b>S1</b> + <b>Asked/told + Object (+ not) + To-infinitive</b>
<b> Offered/recommended (+ Object)+ To-infinitive</b>

Ex: He said : “Please go away”

–> He requested / told me to go away.
“Don’t make noise here”,Lan said to Hoa.
–> Lan asked Hoa not to make noise there.

“Post the letter for me, will you?” he said.
–> He asked me to post the letter for him.
“Make another try, please”, he said.

–> He encouraged me to make another try
“Don’t drive too fast”, he said.

–> He warned me not to drive too fast.

<b> - Câu đề nghị yêu cầu bắt đầu bằng : “ Could you / Will you / Would you,..?”</b>

“Will you shut your mouth?” he said.
–> He ordered me to shut my mouth.

“Could you get ready at 6p.m tonight?” he said.
–> He told/asked me to get ready at 6p.m that night.

“ Will you post this letter for me on the way to work, Nam?” he asked
–> He told/asked Nam to post this letter for him on the way to work

<b> - Câu đề nghị yêu cầu bắt đầu bằng : “ What about/How about/ Should we?Let’s”</b>

<i><b>Indirect speech</b></i> <i><b>Reported speech</b></i>

<b>“ What about/How about/ Should </b>

<b>we?Let’s”</b> <b>S1 + suggested + V_ing…….</b>

Ex : “Let’s go to the cinema tonight”, he said.

–> He suggested going to the cinema that night.
“ Let’s invite Bill” said Tom

<b> </b>–> Tom suggested inviting Bill

<b> b. Câu mang tính chất khuyên bảo,nhắc nhở :</b>

<i><b>Indirect speech</b></i> <i><b>Reported speech</b></i>

<b>S + had better/ should…...</b>
<b>Remember to………</b>
<b>Don’t forget to……….….</b>

<b>S1 + advised +Object(+ not)+ To-infinitive</b>
<b>S + remind + O + To-infinitive</b>

“You had better hurry”, he said.

–> He advised me to hurry.

“Remember to close the door”, he said.
–> He reminded me to close the door.

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<b>c. Lời mời “Will you, would you…….” </b>

<i><b>Indirect speech</b></i> <i><b>Reported speech</b></i>

<b>“Will you, would you…….”</b> <b>S1 + invited + O + To-infinitive</b>
<b> offered</b>

“ Will you come to my party tomorrow?” he said.
–> He invited me to come to his party the next day.
“Would you like some cigarettes?” he said.

–> He offered me some cigarettes.

<b> </b> <b> a. Các trường hợp không đổi thời</b>

<i><b>– Lời nói trực tiếp diễn tả một sự thật hiển nhiên, một chân lí hay một thói quen ở hiện tại</b></i>
EX: 1. My father said “New York is bigger than London”

- My father said that New York is bigger than London
2. The teacher said, “The moon moves around the earth”
- The teacher said that the moon moves around the earth.
3. He said, “ I always drink milk for breakfast”

- Peter said that he always drinks milk for breakfast.
4. “The earth moves round the sun” he said.

–> He said that the earth moves round the sun.

<i><b>– Lời nói trực tiếp là câu điều kiện loại II hoặc câu điều kiện loại III.</b></i>
“If I were you, I would leave here” he said.

–> He said that if he were me, he would leave there.

<i><b>– </b><b>Wish + past simple/ past perfect</b><b>:</b></i>

“I wish I lived in Da Nang”, he said.

–> He said he wished he lived in Da Nang.
<i><b>– Cấu trúc “it’s time somebody did something”:</b></i>

“It’s time he woke up”, she said.
–> She said it was time he woke up.

<i><b>– Lời nói trực tiếp có các động từ tình thái như: could, would, should, might, ought to, </b></i>
<i><b>used to, had better.</b></i>

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