Thực trạng sử dụng rượu bia trong nam thanh thiếu niên Hà Nội

NghiT'ii

ci'/u

Gi<] d i n h vti G i o i
So U - 2 0 1 . 1

Thirc trang suf dung rugiu bia
trong nam thanh thieu nien Ha Npi
(Phan tich so lieu Dieu tra tinh due va sijfc khoe sinh san
vj thanh nien va thanh nien Ha Noi 2006)

Tran Thanh Loan
Vien Gia dinh vS Gidi

Tom tat: Bai viet sii dung so'lieu ciia cupc Dieu tra tinh due va sPc khoe
sinh san vi thanh nien va thanh nien Ha Noi nam L'l»i'^ de phan tich cac
nhan to'tac dong den kha nang da tifng sii dung ntpu, bia cua nam thanh
thieu nien Ha Noi. Ket qua phan tich cho tha'y dp tuoi trung binh lan dau
sir dung nJpu, bia ciia nam thanh thieu nien la 1>! tuoi. Tac gia cho rang
cac yeu to': do tudi, da tifng bi glii so hpc ba \i hanh \'i ifng xU kem trong
suot qua trinh hoc tap va \eii to nhom ban co sp tac don^ manh den hanh
vi da tifng sii dung nfpu, bia tua nam thanh thieu nien. Khong co sp khac
biet ciia >eii to'hoc lpc va \'eu to'hien dang di lam de'n kha nang da sU
dung nipu, bia ciia nam thanh thieu nien Ha Noi.
Ti^ khoa: Thanh thieu nien; Car hanh vi nguy cd.

1. Gidi thieu
Sii dung rirpu da lid thanh lap quan lau ddi trong ddi sdng gia dinh va
cac cdng ddng dan cu. O nirdc la, nhieu khi rirpu dirpc coi la vat chiimg de
the hien su siing bai ciia con ngudi ddi vdi trdi dat, su thanh kinh ddi vdi

id tien, su trpng thi ciia ngudi than, ban be va nhirng ngudi xung quanh.
Bdi vay, rupu khong the thieu trong cac dip Id, tet, hpi he, dam cudi, dam


Tran Thanh Loan

33

tang... ''Phi tint bdt thdnh //" Ben canh dd, vdi mpi sd ngudi, rirpu cdn la
chuan muc de danh gia ban ITnh, tinh each ciia nam gidi: ''Nam vo tifn nhu
ky vo phong" (Hoang Thi Phupng \a cpng su, 2009).
Qua trinh ddi mdi va phai Irien ndn kinh td trong nhung nam qua da
giiip cho ddi sdng nhan dan ngay cang dupc nang cao. Xu hudng sir dung
rucm, bia trong sinh hoat hang ngay, trong nhirng dip id, hpi, trong quan
he cdng viec... dang ngay cang gia lang. Ben canh dd, su gia tang nhanh
chdng ve mat hang rupu. bia tren thi trudng cung keo theo mirc lieu ihu
rupu, bia binh quan/ngudi/nam ngay mpt tang. Theo bao cao cua To chii'c
Y te the gidi nam 2004, miirc tieu ihu bia binh quan/ngudi/nam d nude la
la 15,8 lit, gan bang 2/3 so \di mirc tieu thu chung ciia toan the gidi (22
lit). Miirc tieu thu rupu binh quan/ngudi/nam d nude ta la 3,9 lit trong khi
dd mirc tieu thu chung tren toan cau la 6 lit (WHO, 2004). Bao cao Xu
hudng sir dung dd udng cd cdn ciia Td chirc Luang thuc Nong nghiep
Lien hiep qudc (FAO) cho thay viec lieu thu rupu bia ciia Viet Nam da
tang len rd ret trong hai thap ky qua, lir mirc lieu Ihu trung binh nam 1989
la khoang 0,8 lit/ngudi/nam da tang len mirc 1,4 lit/ngudi/nam vao nam
2000 (Trich theo Didu tra Y te Viet Nam, 2006).
Viec lam dung rupu, bia se dem lai nhiJng he qua dang tide nhu: tai nan
giao thong, tai nan lao dpng, lam dung tinh due, bao luc, benh tat... Tai
Viet Nam. cac van de xe rupu, bia da dupc nghien ciiii tir nhirng nam 90
cua the ky trudc. Nghien ciiru tai phudng Trung True, Ha Npi nam 1994 vdi

sd miu la 7.986 ngudi tir 15 tudi trd len cho thay nghien rupu chi cd d nam
gidi, vdi 1,9% nghien rupu, bia va 50 - 60% tdng sd ngudi nghien rupu d
Ilia tudi 30 den 50. Mpt nghien ciiii khac dupc thuc hien d 6 tinh (Lai
Chau, Quang Ninh, Ha Tay, Quang Nam - Da NSng, TP. Hd Chf Minh va
Kien Giang) cho tha'y khoang 75% em trai va 50% em gai da timg udng
bia, 54% em trai va 20% em gai da tiing udng rupu (Trich theo Dieu tra Y
te Viet Nam, 2006).
Nghien ciiu cua Kim Bao Giang va cpng su nam 2005 cung bao cao ty
le say rupu, bia a nam gidi huyen Ba Vi, Ha Tay (nay thupc Ha Npi) la
5,7% trong khi ty le nay d nir gidi chi la 0,06%. Cupc didu tra Y te qudc
gia (2001-2002) da phat hien 22,2% dan sd tren 15 tudi cd udng rupu, bia
tir mpt ldn trd len trong tuan, trong dd nam chiem 46% va nir chiem 2%;
77,9% dan sd tren 10 tudi dang dung rupu, bia da bat dau udng trong dp
tudi 1 5 - 2 5 . Nghien ciiu ve cac benh ly lien quan den rupu tai huyen Ba
Vi tren 585 ddi tupng tir 18 den 60 tudi nam 2003 cho thay d nam gidi ty
le nghien rupu la 8% trong khi ty le nay a nu la 0% (Trich Dieu tra Y te


34

Nghidn cifu Gia dinh va Gidi. Quyen 21, so 6, tr. 32-43

Vict Nam. 2006).

("HOC Dieu Ira qudc gia vd vi thanh niPn va thanh nien Viet Nam do
Tcng cue Thong kc va iio Y tc phdi hpp vdi mpt sd ld chirc qudc te thirc
hien nam 2003 (S/\VY 1) vdi long so mau la 7.584 vi thanh nien va thanh
nien tir 14 - 25 tudi lai 42 linh cho Ihay udng rupu, bia la hien tupng pho
hien d nam thanh nien (PP^'r) va fl phd bien han d nir thanh thieu nien
(28.17r). ii Ic thanh nii-n da tirng udng rupu, bia tang len theo dp ludi.

Cuoc Didu tra quot gia vi- vi thanh nien va thanh nien Viet Nam lan Ihu"
hai (SAVY 2) nam 2009 da dupc tidn hanh voi 10.044 vj thanh nien va
thanh nien trong dp ludi 14-2.5 sdng d khap 63 linh/lhanh tren loan qudc
cho thay li Ic chung nhung ngudi dupc hdi da tirng udng hel mpt chen
rupu/mpt coc bia la kha cao: 58.60^, trong dd 79.9''r ddi voi nam va 36,5%
tidi vdi nir. li ic limg udng hel mpt chen rupu/mpt cdc bia lang len theo
dp tudi. vdi 47,5'f dnhdmtuoi 14-17, 66,9'^ dnhdmtudi 18-21 va71.2%
d nhdm ludi 22-25.
iiicn nay chua cd'mpl nghien ciru \'c rupu. bia nao dac biet quan tam
den ddi lupng Ihanh thieu nien ndi chung va thanh thieu nien dang sdng,
lao dpng \'a hpc tap tai Ha Npi ndi rieng. Mac dii, cupc Didu Ira tinh due
va sure khde sinh san vi thanh nien va thanh nien Ha Npi 2006 (vdi sd
lupng mau 6.363 vi thanh nien va thanh nien) khong phai la cupc nghien
curu rieng xe viec sir dung rupu, bia cua ihanh ihieu nien Ha Npi. nhung
tac gia bai viet hi vpng qua viec phan tfch cac nhan td Uic dpng den kha
nang da tirng sir dung rupu, bia ciia nam thanh thieu nien sc ddng gdp dupc
phan nao vao biic tranh chung \c linh hinh sir dung rupu, bia hien nay
Irong
ihanh thieu nien.
'e
2. Ket qua nghien ciifli
Cupc didu tra linh due \a si'rc khdc sinh siin vi ihanh nien \a thanh nien
Ha Npi dupc lien hanh nam 2006 lai 7 quan: Can Giay. Ddng Da. Ba Dinh,
Thanh Xuan, Hoan Kiem, Hai Ba Trirng, Hoang Mai va 5 huyen: Soc San,
Dong Anh, Gia Lam, Thanh Tri, Tir Liem ciia Ha Ndi (chua md rpng). Cd
6.363 \ i Ihanh nien \a thanh nien dp ludi 15-24 da tham gia vao cupc dieu
tra nay. Cudc didu Ira da thu thap thdng tin bang each thii'c: phdng van true
tiep bang bang hdi xl\ cd ap dung phuang thiic phdng van de thanh nien tu
tra ldi. Muc dfch ciia cupc didu tra la dua ra mpt biirc tranh toan canh vd
ddi sdng \'i thanh nien va thanh nien Ha Npi vdi nhiing ca hpi va thaeh

thiirc trong bdi canh phat trien kinh te - xa hpi cua da't nude. Trong bai viet
nay, tac gia chi phan tfch thuc trang sir dung rupu, bia ciia nam thanh thieu


Tran Thanh Loan

35

nien Ha Npi vi so lupng nu da liing sii' dung rupu, bia chi chiem mot sd
nhd so vdi nam.
2.1. Mdi quan he ciia cac yeu to vdi viec tirng sir dung rirou, bia ciia
nam thanh thieu nien Ha Npi
De tim hieu li le nam thanh ihieu nien da liing sir dung rupu, bia va dp
tudi trung binh ciia nam thanh thieu nien khi lim den rupu, bia, Uic gia sir
dung hai cau hdi "Ncii khdng tinh nhiing Idn uong viri gia dinh trong mgt
bifa tiec hay nhdn dip kv niem ndo dd, hgn dd hao gie)' udng rifgit, hia
chua? " Xi\ "Ldn clan tien ban ndng rifc/u, hia liic hgn bao nhien liidiT Ket
qua cho tha'y. Irong tdng sd 3.167 nam thanh Ihieu nien dupc hdi. cd 67,4'.f
tra ldi da liing su dung rupu. bia. Tudi trung binh ian dau sir dung rirpu. bia
la 18 tuoi. Didu dang luu y la ddp ludi 15 \a 16. li ic nam thanh thieu nien
da tiing sir dung rupu. bia la khong nhd (12,6 '.c va 11.5'V). Nhu vay, cd thd
tha'y rang nam thanh thieu nien da dupc tiep can va sir dung rupu, bia tir
rat sdm \a dieu nay da dupc minh chirng d cac cupc nghien ciiu irudc nhu:
Dieu tra Y te Viet Nam 2006 (nam gidi tii 15 tudi trd len udng rupu, bia
mpt lan/tuan trd len va cd han 1/3 da udng trudc tudi 20), SAVYl nam
2003 (ty le udng rupu trong dp tudi 1 4 - 1 7 ludi la 34,9%; trong do tudi
1 8 - 2 1 la 57.9%).
Ket qua phan tfch tuang quan hai chidu giiia viec da tiing sii dung rupu,
bia cua nam thanh thieu nien theo dp tudi cho thay: cd mdi quan he ti le
thuan giiia tudi cua nam thanh thieu nien vdi viec da tiing sii dung rupu,

bia. (J nhdm tudi 15-17, ti le nam thanh thieu nien da tiing sii dung rupu,
bia la 40,3% va ti le nay tang dan d nhdm tudi 18-21 va 22-24 (67,6% va
84,5%) (Bang 1).
Hpc va'n dudng nhu cd mdi quan he thuan chieu vdi viec da timg sii
dung rupu, bia ciia nam thanh thieu nien Ha Npi. Ket qua phan tfch cho
thay 49,2% cd trinh dp dudi irung hpc phd thong (THPT); 76,1% cd trinh
dp THPT va 83,7% cd trinh dp hpc van THPT trd len da timg sii dung rupu,
bia (Bang 2).
Moi trudng hpc tap trong nha trudng thudng dupc xem la yeu td bao ve
nam thanh thieu nien khdi cac hanh vi cd nguy ca, trong dd cd hanh vi sir
dung rupu, bia. Tuy nhien, ket qua cho tha'y khong cd su khac biet dang
ke giiia cac mdi trudng hpc tap ve ty le da tirng sir dung rupu, bia ciia nam
thanh thieu nien. Trong sd 3.167 nam thanh thieu nien dupc hdi, 56 trudng
hpp cho rang trudng hpc cua hp la moi trudng khong tfch cue (78,6% da
timg sii dung rupu, bia); 481 trudng hop cho rang moi trudng hpc tap ciia


36

Nghion cUu Gia dinh va Gi6i. Quyen 2 1 , so 6, tr. 32-43

Biing L Ty le nam thanh Ihii'ii nii'n dd tirng siir dung
rupu, hia theo dp ludi (%)
i)() (no! (ii;! nam (hanh lliicii nien

Da lirng sPdung rupu, hia

I.S-17 tudi
lS-21 inoi
22-24 luoi

40,3
67.6
H4,5

Bang 2. I y U- nam fhanh thidu nien da tirng sir dung rucm, bia theo
trinh dp hoc van d& hoan thanh {%)
Trinh dp hpc vain d;l hoan thanh
THPTtrPxiiPng
Tin^
THPT trP len

Dii tirng su dung ru49,2
76,1
83.7

Bang 3. Iv le nam thanh thieu nien da timg sii dung rupu, bia theo hpc luc va da
tirng bi ghi so hpc ba vi hanh \i ling xir kem trong sudt qua trinh hpc tap (%)
Da timg su dung ruou, bia
Hoc lire
Gioi

5.\7

KJT^

64.8

Trung binh

71,6

Co tirng hj ghi .so hoc ba \ i hanh v i iirng xir kem

Cu

76,7

Kh6ng

66,1

NguPn: So lieu Didu tra tinh due va sue khde sinh san vi thMi nidn va thanh ni6n Ha Npi 2006

hp la binh thudng (70,1% da timg sii dung rupu, bia) va 2.630 trudng hpp
cho rang trudng hpc ciia hp la mdi trudng tfch cue (66,6% da tiing su dung
ruou, bia).


T r a n T h a n h Loan

37

Ben canh dp tudi va hpc \'a'n thi hpc luc cung dupc danh gia la mpt
trong nhirng yeu td cd tac dpng den viec sir dung rupu, bia ciia nam thanh
thieu nien Ha Npi. Trong ldng sd 3.167 nam thanh nien da tiing sir dung
ruou, bia cd 216 nam thanh nien trong sudt qua trinh hpc tap ciia minh dat
hpc luc gidi, 1.406 nam thanh thieu nien dat hpc luc kha va 1.545 nam
thanh thieu nien dat hpc luc trung binh. Ti le da timg sir dung rupu, bia d

nhdm cd hpc luc gidi la 53.7%. Ti lp nay tang len d nhdm cd hpc luc kha
va hpc luc trung binh (64.8% \a 71.6%) (Bang 3).
Vdi cau hdi: 'Tiftnfdc tdi nay, cd bao gid ban bi ghi so hoc hg vi hdnh
vi img xif kem khdng? " 369 Irudng hop nam thanh thieu nien thira nhan
da timg bi ghi sd hpc ba \'i hanh vi irng xir kem, 2.798 trudng hop chua
tiing bi ghi sd hpc ba \i hanh \ i ling xir kem. Ket qua cho thay, ty le da
tifng sir dung rupfu, bia ciia nhdm da tirng bj ghi sd hpc ba vi hanh vi ling
xii kem cao han nhdm chua tiing bi ghi sd hpc ba vi hanh vi ling xii kem
la 10.6% (76.7% so vdi 66,1% xem Bang 3). Cd the cd hai each ly giai
cho ket qua mdi quan he nay: nam thanh thieu nien udng rupu, bia trong
khu \'Uc nha trudng, bi nha trudng "bat dupc" va bi ghi vao sd hpc ba la
cd hanh \'i umg xii kem. Ngupc lai, cung cd the trong qua trinh hpc tap do
bi ghi sd hpc ba vi hanh \'i img xir kem, nam thanh thieu nien chan nan
nen dd dang tiep can va su dung rupu, bia han.
Hoat dpng di lam cd thu nhap cd su tac dpng nhat dinh den hanh vi sii
dung rupu, bia cua nam thanh thieu nien Ha Npi. Khi nam thanh thieu nien
di lam, cac mdi quan he se dupc md rpng han, nhu cau giao luu vi the cung
tang len va hp cd thd tu chi tra cho viec sir dung rupu, bia... nhirng dieu dd
se gdp phan tang kha nang sir dung rupu, bia ciing nhu duy tri hanh vi sir
dung rupu, bia cua hp so vdi nhirng nam thanh thieu nien khdng di lam. Ket
qua so sanh tuang quan giua viec da timg sir dung rupu, bia vdi viec hien
cd hoac khong di lam cua nam thanh thieu nien tfnh den thdi diem khao sat
cho thay nam thanh thieu nien hien dang di lam cd thu nhap da timg su
dung rupu, bia nhieu han so vdi nam thanh thieu nien hien khong di lam
(lan lupt la 79% va 60%).
Theo ly thuyet xa hdi hda thi nhdm ban cimg tudi la mdt trong nhimg
tac nhan quan trpng ddi vdi qua trinh xa hdi hda cua moi ca nhan. Anh
hudng cua nhdm ban cung tudi thudng la nhieu nhat trong thdi thanh nien,
khi thanh nien bat dau sdng xa each gia dinh va nghT ve ban than nhu la
nhiing ngudi ldn cd trach nhiem. Dac biet trong giai doan nay ciia ddi

38

Nghion cUu Gia dinh va Gidi. Quyon 2 1 , so 6, t r 32-43

song, niidm han cimg tudi lao aj) iirc manh khien thanh vien phai luan Ihii
(John Macionis, 200 I: 170). Dc clo ludng tac dpng cua nhdm ban den
hanh \ i sii dung rirpu, bia Irong nam Ihanh Ihieu nien, bai viet thu thap
thong tin qua hai can hdi: "I'luin Idn nhiing ngifdi hgn thdn ciia ban cd
udng nfgii khdng? " va 'Lign lliav cd (dn phdi udng riffni de hda nhdp
hogc chifng td minh vdi hgn hi' khdng? " ii ong sd nhu'ng nam Ihanh thieu
nien cci phrin idn ban than sir dung rupu, cd 79'^ da lifng sir dung rupu,
hia. Trong khi dd. o nhdm nam thanh thieu nien khong cd phan idn ban
than sir dung vitau thi li Ic nay la 50''/^ (Vic budi gap gd, lien hoan, giao
iuu... ia dip cic nam thanh thicii nien hda nhap vcii ban be va chifng id
minh \di ban be. vi vay. vice sii dung cac loai do udng cd cdn thay cho cac
loai do uong khac dudng nhu ludn la lira chpn hang dau ciia nam thanh
thidu nien. iiong sd 774 Irudng hpp cho rang can thiel phai udng rupu de
hda nhap hoac chirng id minh vc'ri ban be, cd 87,1^^^ da tirng sii dung rupu
bia, cdn liong nhdm nam thanh thieu nien tha\ rang khong can phai udng
mau de hda nhap \a chirng td minh vdi ban be. chi cd 61% da timg sir
dung rupu, bia (Bang 4). Nhu vay, ddi vdi nam thanh thieu nien ihi yeu id
nhdm ban cd su lac dpng ldn den hanh \ i da timg sir dung ruou, bia. Cac
ly thuyet gan day ve ap luc ddi \ di thanh thieu nien cung da ghi nhan ap
luc tir chinh thanh thieu nien, dd cd thd nhap cupc dupc vdi nhumg ngudi
khac, dd trong gid'ng cac ngdi sao dien anh, dd dupc ban be cong nhan \ a
dd the hien cac hanh \ i ngudi ldn nhu thanh Ihieu nien mong mudn (Trich
theo Dao Huy Khue, 2006).

Bang 4. Ty Ic nam thanh thieu nien da timg sii dung nipii, bia theo nhom ban (%)
Da timg sir dung ruou, bia
Co phan ium l)an than sir dung rirmi

Co

79

Khong

50

Phai uung ruou dc h()a nhap va the hien minh voi ban be

Co
Khfing

87,1

61

Ngudn: So lieu Didu tra tinh due va sut khde sinh san vj thanh nien va thanh nien Ha Npi 2006


Tran Thanh Loan

39

2,2. Tac dpng ciia cac nhan td den kha nang da timg sir dung rupu,
bia ciia nam thanh thieu nien Ha Npi

Bai viet sii dung mo liinh phan tfch da bien vdi phuang trinh hdi quy
logistic (logistic regression) dd danh gia anh hudng rieng cua tirng yeu td
len bien phu thupc. Cac ket qua phan tfch da bien \'e tinh hudng cua cac
yeu td tudi, hpc luc, da timg/chua tirng bi ghi sci hpc ba vi hanh vi irng xii
kem trong sudt qua trinh hpc lap. hien cd/khong di lam va nhdm ban den
viec da tung sir dung rupu. bia dupc trinh bay trong bang 5. Trong bang
nay. bai \ iet dua ra ket qua cua hai mo hinh: mo hinh I (phan tfch cac bien
mang dac didm ca nhan ciia nam thanh thieu nien: tudi. luc hpc, cd/khong
bi ghi so hpc ba \i hanh \ i img xir kem wi hien cd/khong di lam) va mo
hinh cudi (tat ca cac bien so phan Ifch ddu dupc \ao mo hinh).'"
Kdl qua phan ifch da bien d mo hinh mpt cho thay:
Tuang ddng x6\ ket qua phan tfch tuang quan ben tren, dp tudi ciia nam
thanh thieu nien la ydu td cd su tac dpng rd ret den viec da timg sii dung
rupu, bia. Su tac dpng ciia yeu td tudi den viec da timg sii dung rupu, bia cho
tha'y so vdi nhdm tudi 22-24, nhdm tudi 15-17 da timg sii dung rupu, bia ft
han 0,1 lan va nhdm tudi 18-21 da tumg sii dung rupu, bia ft hom 0,4 Mn.
Luc hpc trong sudt qua trinh hpc tap ciia nam thanh thieu nien ciing
dupc coi la mpt nhan td cd the tac dpng den viec sir dung rupu, bia cua
nam thanh thieu nien. Vdi nhumg nam thanh thieu nien cd hpc luc gidi
trong sudt qua trinh hpc tap thi kha nang da tiing sii dung rupu, bia cua
nhdm nay giam di 0,7 lan so vdi nhimg nam thanh thieu nien cd hpc luc
trung binh. Kha nang da timg su dung rupu, bia cua nhdm nam thanh thieu
nien cd hpc luc kha giam di 0,84 lan so vdi nhdm nam thanh thieu/lien cd
hpc luc tmng binh.
Kha nang da su dung rupu, bia d nhdm nam thanh thieu nien chua tiing
hi ghi sd hpc ba vi hanh vi irng xir kem trong sudt qua trinh hpc tap giam
0,6 lan so vdi nhdm nam thanh thieu nien da tiing bi ghi. Tac dpng ciia yeu
td hien dang di lam den kha nang da tiing sir dung rupu, bia ciia nam thanh
thieu nien khdng dang ke.
Nham tim hieu them vd su tac ddng ciia cac yeu td khac den viec da

tiing sir dung ruou, bia trong nam thanh thieu nien, trong md hinh cudi, tac
gia da dua them yeu td su tac dpng cua nhdm ban. Tuang tu nhu ket qua
d md hinh mpt, ket qua d md hinh cudi xac nhan vai trd manh me cuaf yeu
td tudi va viec bi ghi hpc ba ddi vdi viec udng ruc;ru, bia. Ddng thdi ket qua
mpt lan nira cho thay khdng cd bang chii'ng khang dinh tac dpng dang ke


40 Nghien ciru Gia dinh v^ Gidi. Quyen 21, so 6, tr. 32-43
Biing 5. Ket qusi phiin lich phinmg; trinh hdi quy Logistics ciia viec da tung
sir dun^ rupu, hia ciia nam thanh thieu nien
Ti so chenh li-ch (Odd Ratios)
Hien so doc liij)

Mo hinh 1

'Mo hinh cuoi

So luong

Tuoi VTN/TN
22 - 24 (Loiii so siinh)

1,0

1,0

1.242

18- 21

0.4""

(),4"""

1.075

I.S 17

0,1*"

0,2""

818

Trung binh (l.oai so sanh)

1,0

1.0

l..'^24

Kha

0,K4'

0.85

1.397

Ciic')i

0,7'

0,8

214

Co (Loai so sanh)

1,0

1,0

364

Kh6ng

0,6'"

0,7"

2.771

1,0
0,9

1.0

1.093

1,1

2.042

Co (Loai so sanh)

1.0

l.S'l

Khong

0 , 5 •••

1.264

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Hien co dang di lam khong
Co (Loai .so sanh)
Khong
Phan \dn ban than sir dung rUc/u

Uong ruou de hoa nhap va the hien minh
Cc) (Loai so sanh)

1,0

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3.135

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2.376
3.135

3.135

Mu'c y nghia thdng kc: * p<0.05; ** p<0.01; *** p<0.001
Ngudn: S6 li6u Didu tra tinh due \;i sire khoe sinh san \ i thanh nitn \'a thanh nidn Ha Npi 2006

cua viec hien dang di lam den viec da timg sii dung rupfu, bia.
Trong md hinh 1, yeu td luc hpc cd tac dpng den kha nang da timg sir
dung ruou, bia ciia nam thanh thieu nien (p<0,05). Tuy nhien, khi dua
them cac yeu td nhdm ban be thi su tac dpng ciia yeu td luc hpc den kha


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41

nang da timg sii dung rupu, bia ciia nam thanh thieu nien lai khPng cd y

nghia ve mat thdng ke (p=0,17).
Ket qua tai bang 5 dac biet xac nhan \'ai trd quan trpng ciia yeu td xa
hpi hda thong qua cac chi bao \'d nhdm ban. Kha nang da timg sir dung
rupu, bia ciia nhdm nam thanh thieu nien khong cd phan ldn ban than
udng rucm ft han 0,5 lan so \di nhdm nam thanh thieu nien cd phan idn
ban than udng rupu \a kha nang da timg sir dung rupu, bia ciia nhdm nam
thanh thieu nien thay rang khong can phai udng ruou de hda nhap va thd
hien minh vdi ban be ft han 0.4 lan so \cii nhdm nam ihanh Ihieu nien cho
rang phai udng rupu dd hda nhap wi the hien minh vdi ban be. Theo ly
thuyet xa hpi hda, con ngudi cd the bat chudc \a tiep nhan hanh vi sai lech
tir nhiing mdi quan he hp hang gan gQi nhat, dd la quan he gia dinh xi\
quan he ban be. Nhu XAX. nhdm ban be dupc danh gia la yeu to cd su anh
hudng va tac dpng manh den kha nang da timg sir dung rupu, bia ciia nam
thanh thieu nien (p<0,01).
Tdm lai, trong cac yeu td dupc dua vao phan tfch tai bang 5, md hinh
cudi thi cac yeu to dupc coi la cd su tac dpng manh den kha nang da tumg
sir dung rucm, bia cua nam thanh thieu nien la: dp tudi, nhdm ban be va
tiep den la da timg bi ghi sd hpc ba x\ hanh vi ling xii kem trong sudt qua
trinh hpc tap cua nam thanh thieu nien.
3. Ket luan
Ket qua phan tfch cho thay cd khoang 2/3 sd nam thanh thieu nien
trong dp tudi 15-24 da timg sir dung rupu, bia va tudi trung binh su dung
rupu, bia cua nam thanh thieu nien la 18 tudi. Dang luu y la cd mpt ty le
khong nhd thanh thieu nien liia tudi 15-16 da tumg sii dung rupu, bia.
Ve mdi quan he giii'a viec sir dung rupu, bia vdi cac yeu td ca nhan, ket
qua phan tfch cho thay cd mdi quan he thuan chidu giira viec sii dung rupu,
bia vdi dp tudi cua nam thanh thieu nien. Viec da timg bi ghi sd hpc vi
hanh vi ling xii kem lam tang kha nang sir dung rupu, bia cua nam thanh
thieu nien.
Ddi vdi Ilia tudi thanh thieu nien thi nhdm ban cd anh hudng khdng nhd

den quan diem sdng cung nhu hanh vi cua thanh thieu nien. Cd ban than
udng ruou lam tang kha nang da timg sir dung rupu, bia cua nam thanh thieu
nien. Ddng thdi, nhiing nam thanh thieu nien coi udng rupu la each de hda
nhap hay the hien ban than thi kha nang sir dung rupu, bia la cao han.
Nhu vay, viec tang cudng giao due ldi sdng trong nha trudng, tao cho


42

Nghien curu Gia dinh vi Gidi. Quyen 21, so 6, tr. 32-43

thanh iliieii nien cd nhirng irng xir diing muc cd thd giiip han che vi6c sir
dung rircm, bia Irong nam thanh Ihieii nien. Ngoai ra, gia dinh va nha
Iructng can coi Irong vai trd ciia nhdm ban trong vicjc thuyet phuc, han che
thanh ihieu nien sir dung rircm, bia.B

( hiJ thich

'" ,So lieu bao cio trong bang 5 irng vPi cac phan loai cua mdi bidn so la ti sd
chenh lech (odd lalios) jjiCra liie donfi ciia loai dac trung do ddn vice da tirng sir
dung iiroii. bia voi lac doiij: ciia loai dac trung diing dd so sanh. Ti so cho loai
dung (le so Siinh luc)n luon nhiiii gia tii biing 1. Ncu ti so chenh lech ciia mot loai
(lac trung nao do Ic'rn hc:'n I. dieu do eo nghia l;i nhom nam thanh thieu nien mang
(lac uung do eo nhidu khii iiiiiig da tirng sir dung rupu. bia hern nhom nam thanh
thieu nien mang loai diie trung dung dd so sanh. Ngupc lai. neu ti so chenh lech
cho loai (liie trung do nho hem 1 thi nhom nam thanh thidu nien do it co kha nang
dil tirng sir dung rupu. bia lion nhom nam thanh thieu nien mang loai dac trung
dung de so sanh. Ti so chenh lech ciia mpt loai dac trung nao do cang ldn hon 1
thi tac dpng ciia dae liung do den vice da tCrng sir dung rupu. bia eiing ldn hcfn so
vPi tiic dpng ciia loai dae trung dung (\(: so sanh. Cac dau hoa thi ( **. ""'*) ghi

ben canh ti so chenh lech cho tha'y tac dpng cua loai dac trung nay co y nghia ve
mat thong ke hay khong. Ti so cang nhidu dau hoa thi thi tac dpng cang co y
nghia ve mat thdng ke. Ti sd khong kem dau hoa thi co nghia la khong co bang
chii'ng de khSng dinh liing tac dpng cua loai diic trirng dang xet la co y nghia ve
mat thdng ke.
Tai lieu tham khao
Dam Viei Cuang. Vu Thi Minh Hanh \ ii cpng su. 2006. Ddnh gid tinli trgng lam
dung rugu bia tgi \ 'iet Nam. 2006.
Dao Huy Khue. 2006. "Sir dung \ ii lam dung rupu bia d thanh thieu nien qua so
lieu SAVY" Tgp chi Ddn igc hge. so 6.
Bp Y te. 2006. Didu tra Y te Viet Nam. Nha .\uai ban \' hpc.
Hoang Thj Phupng. Vu Thi Minh Hanh. Dam Viet Cucmg. NguyCn TrSn Hidn.
2009. 'Mpi sd yeu to anh huctng den \ ice sir dung rupu bia P mpt sd tinh 6
Viet Nam" Tgp chi Y hoc thifc hdnh. so 3.
Hoang Thj Phupng. Vu Thi Minh Hanh. Dam Viei Cuomg. Nguydn Tran Hidn.
2009: "linh hinh sir dung rupu \ a lam dung rupu. bia d mpt so tinh ciia Viet
Nam" Tgp chi Y hoc thifc hdnh. sd 3.
Hoang Van Huynh, Le Cir Linh. 2008. "ThUc trang va mpt sd yeu td lien quan
den hanh \ i sir dung rupu. bia cua thanh thieu nien hiuyen Chi Linh - tinh
Hai Duofng. nam 2006" Tgp chi Y hge du phong. so 2.
http://vovvn/Home/Phong-chong-lam-dung-ruou-bia/200911/126616.vov
John J. Macionis. 1987. Sociology. Prentice Hall. Toronto. Canada
Le Anh Tua'n. Tran Binh. 2010. "Mpt sd giai phap can thiep du phong lam dung
rupu. nghien rupu trong cpng ddng" Tgp chi Y hge thuc hdnh. sd 2.
Le Anh Tuan. 2010. "Nghien curu thuc trang lam dung rupu a Ha Npi" Tgp chi


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Y hge thuc hdnh. sd 1.
Le Anh Tuan. 2010. "Phan tfch. danh gia cac yeu to lien quan true tiep den lam
dung rupu. nghien rupu" Tgp chi Y hge thuc hdnh. sd 2.
Le Cu Linh. Nguydn Thanh Nga. Nguydn Dire Thanh. Dao Hoang Bach. 2008.
"Thuc trang siic khde thanh thieu nien huyen Chi Linh tinh Hai Duong: Cac
ket qua so bp tiT dU an nghien ciiu doc lai Chililab". Tap chi YTe cdng cdiii^.
sd 10.
Nguydn Thanh Ha. 2008. Tinh hinh sir dung rugu bia ciia sinh vien dgi hge Y Hd
Ngi. Luan van tdt nghiep. 2008.
Ta Van Tram. 2006. "Tmh hinh tai nan thuctng tich tai Benh vien Da khoa trung
tam Tien Giang" Tgp chi Y te cdng cgn}^. so 5.
WHO. 2004. Bdo cdo tinh trgng rugu todn cdu 2004. Phan I [Global Status
Report on Alcohol 2004. Part I]. Geneva: Department of Mental Health and
Substance .Abuse.
WHO. 2004. Bdo cdo tinh irgin.; rugu 2004. Phan II tinh trang cac nuPc [Global
StatusReport on Alcohol 2004. Part II Country Profiles]. Geneva:
Department of Mental Health andSubstance .Abuse.