Những lỗi thường gặp trong các bài tập dịch viết của sinh viên Khoa tiếng Pháp trường Đại học Ngoại ngữ, Đại học Đà Nẵng

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S 6 l l (241)-201S

NHlTNG LOI THirdNG GAP TRONG CAC BAI T A P
DJCH VIET CUA SINH VIEN KHOA TIENG P H A P
TRirdNG DAI HQC NGO^I NGU*, BJ^I HQC DA NANG
THE COMMON ERRORS IN TRANSLATION EXERCISES OF STUDENTS OF
FRENCH DEPARTMENT OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE STUDIES
- UNIVERSITY OF DANANG
NGUYEN T H A I T R U N G

(ThS; D^i hpc Ngo^i ngfi-, D^i hpc Dd NAng)
Abstract: This aiticle identifies and analyzes common enters m translation assignments studoits
fiom Frendi Department of the University ofForei^ Language Studies, University of Danang based
on the criteria for the use of vocabulary, syntax, semantics, {»Bgmatic, o(4iesion and coherence. Based
on these statistics and analysis, the authw oSets some sug^stions to tfie learner, the teacher and course
content translation materials in ordo' to help ruse the efTectivoiess of the teachin^eaming this skill.
Key words: erroi^; translation; students; French; propositions.
1. D$t v i n d l
b6 theo cdc tieu dif trdn nhu trong bing d i ^ 1£
Hi^n nay, cdc [dian mdn thudc bp mrai didi sau:
nhu U thuylt didi, thyc hinh didi. djdi ndi, djch
vilt diion mdt ti lp khd k ^ tnxig Idning diuong
trinh dto t^o cua cdc ngdnh dupc giSng dfiy t^i
Khoa ti^g P h ^ Trudng D ^ Hpc Ngo^i Ngd. D^
hpc Dd Nfing ( DHDN). £>dy Id nhOng mdn hpc
quan trpng, thu vj, dupc sinh vidn ua thfch nhung
d6ng didi cQng Id nhQng m ^ hpc mang 1^ kb&u

ft khd Idifin cho ngucri hpe till h i ^ qua vide k ^
sddyngtd
qud kiem tra d^nh gjd k h ^ tiiyc sy cao nhu
cujdidp
78
mong mu6n cua ngudi d^y cung nhu ngudi hpc.
Giinh vl till, vi$c xde djnh nhihig loi thudng g^p
trong C&; bdi t ^ dieh cda sinh vien Khoa tieng
Phip, Tmdng D ^ hpc Ngo^ ngd, DHDN de r^i tilr
lioiki^
12
dd nh$n di^n nhdng Idid khdn co bdn mang thih hd
mgdily;
th6ng cda d6i tupng ndy trong vife hpc cdc hpc
De thay rd cdc tfnh chit khdc idiau trong c ^
I^ian djdi nhfim tim ra nhthig gjdi j d i ^ su jrii^m hinh thuc sai sdt cua anh v i ^ ta sS fdi&itichm^t
khd dl gjup bp hpc tdt hon cdc mdn hpc ndy Id mpt so tiudng hpp tioi bilu cy till dupc [didn lo^ theo
vi^c ldm mang tfnh c ^ tiii^ cin dupc diu tu cdc tieu chf dupc dua ra bdi Wilss (1982a: 227):
n^dncuu.
sddip^tit, ciiph^, ngitn^iSd, ngfitfyng lienm,
2. Cdch thuc tiln bdnh
mgeh lgc.
Ngd lidu n ^ d n cdu Id 146 bdi kiem tra gida
3. K ^ qud khdo sdt
ki. cuoi ki cdc hpc j d i ^ Dfeh viit 1,2. 3 vd Th^
3.LLSi
iitv^i^
hdnh dich cua sinh vidn cdc khod 2007, 2008
3.1.1. Sitdgngtiesai
Khoa tieng Phdp. Sau khi ti^ hdnh dpc vd Ipc ra

Dudi ( ^ sdphan tich nhQng vf dy dl th^
nhdng tmdng t^ip md didng tdi tiiiy c6 sai s6t vl dupc mdt vdi sai sot tnmg cddi sd dyng td md aidi
djch tiiu^ dya tien cdc tidu chi dupc dia ra bdi \idn CBl [difun i^idL Vf dy:
Wilss (1982a: 227): su dgng tit, cU phdp. ngfi
Le petqie frtmQtBs s'e^ beaucoip battiipoir
ngfOd, r^dgr^
liin kit, mgeh lgc, chdng tdi dd icht^^
d la dimtinaion des pays voisins: N ^
tiling kd dui?c tong cpng c6 396 sai sdt Aipc phdn


S6 11 (241)-2015

NG6N NGf & P 6 I S6NG

ddn phip dd dau tranh lit nhilu dl tiiodt Ididi ^
flnh hudng nhOng nude ldn c$a
Troi^ vi dy ndy, ngudi (^chdadi^ti^sifdnA
hudng dl dich tilr la domincOion R5 rdng day Id
mdt sy sd dyngtilrsai; td /la domination Hibag h i
cd ngh& ndo Id s(/ dnh hudng md chi cd n^iia Id
sgthmig tri,sgddhdvk tiiyc sy Id nhdng i^ifo
ndy mdi phd hpp vdi tiiyc tl ljch sd cda nude
PMp.
2.1.2. Stt t^g tit khdng filii hpp
Qua [dldn tich. chung tdi nh$n thiy cd nhQng
tnidng hpp ngudi djch sd i ^ g tit khdng din mdc
dd sai nhung rd rdng Id chua i:hd hpp. Tahdy phdn
tich nhQng tnidng hpp sau dl tiiiy rd hon dieu ndy.
Vfdy:

Tit ngfi vMptxa9uaj}AA7ng:Levocabulaiiea

65

cd tiii thdo l^ dugc, nguM djch (S ^ch Id esf a
demonta^ (Id di thdo). day rS rdng Id mdt ciu tnic
sai. D6i vdi cau ndy, ta cd tiw djch Id: Ce A u ^ / e ^
campiktement dimoniable / Ce bif^t peut
mmpletemera se demonter / On peut completemera
iMmonter ce btiffet.
3.2.2. Citph^ khdngpim hgp
Cd nhQng tiudng hpp, cd [di^ cda bdn djdi
khdng sai nhung cung Idimig dupc [did hpp llm.
Vfdy:
Jean nepouvcdt s 'empicher de t&iger ses veux
vers la jolie fillejjris de la parte: Jean k h ^ till
ndo ngfin ddi mfit cua anh ay lilc nhln vl phfa cd
gdi d§ thuong gin cdnh cda.
Trong vf dy ndy, ngudi djch dd djch ciu tide
s'en^jicher de diriger ses yeux vers (ngdn minh
hudng mdt vi phia) Id ngdn ddi mdt dia anh iy
Trong vf dy ndy, ngudi d)ch dd diing danh tit le / i ^ n/un WpMi £ ^ khdng phdi Id mpt cddi djdi
vocabidaire dl djch danh td tit ngfi trong vdn bdn sai, tiQ^ nhirai, tiled till tiiiy, cdphdp cua bdn djch
glc. Danh td le vocabulaire trong tiing P h ^ cd hoi nidm r i vd ii$ng nl. £)e cd d u ^ mdt bdn djdi
ngh& ]ktitvgT^, edn tixtitngtttiong vdn bdn g6c gpn gdi^ vd sdc tich hon, til cd till ^ch Id: Jean
ndy mang ^ nghia Id ngdn h^ ^'nt$ichdkh&igdil khdng the ndo thdi ngdm nhim cd g&i xinh d?p
dcoi tiiuin ULtievgng. Chfnh vl thl, nlu ngudi djch
•tcda.
sd dyng danh td/e moT lio$c/a poro/e dl d|ch td/i>
3.3. Lm ngfi nghid

ngfiiti sd tmyen d^t dupc diy duhon ^ nghia md
3.3.1. Ngfi n^ia sai
tdc ^ cda vfin ban ^)c muc»i dien d^t
Vf dy: Becatmip de bangttes sont iquvpies
d'tm ^stributeur automatique de billets: Nhilu
ZZ Lii ngit phdp
ngdn hdng dd lidn kit 1^ v(M nhau thdnh h€th6ng
2.2.1. Cdphq) sai
Troi^ qud trhih phdn tfch ngd U^u, chdng tdi phan idi6i tfadtyd^fi
nh$n tiii^ mdt ^ l u Id ngudi dfch dd khdng ft lin
Trraig vf dy ndy, ngudi djdi dd hilu su nghia
djch nguydn vfin ciu tide ngd p h ^ cua vfin bdn ciia nhiki td tnmg vfin bdn goc dSn d ^ mpt bdn
goc m$c dd nhQng ciu true ndy ho$c Id khdng djch hodn todn sai vl m$t ngd nghia so vdi bdn
dung ho$c Id khdng phu hpp vdi vfin phong cda ^ . Thd nhit, ciu tiijc itre iqtt^ de cd nghia Id
ngdn ngd £ch. Vfdy:
thigc trang bf chd khdi^ [di^ Id liin kit lgi vdi
Cdi td dii nai> hodn U)dncd thi thdo rdp duoc: nhau, tiid hai. billets d ddy Id /t^n chd khdng phdi
Id tiii. Tdm I^i, cdu ndy jdidi dupc djch Id: MUiu
Cette armoire d ihiest totalement d dimontage
tientgdpr^.
Trong vf dy hdn, ngudi djch djch cym ti^coi Ai ngdnhdr^dugcb'angbim^rut
dii ngy Id cetie armoire d tiii (cdi td di dgng trd
2.3.2.
Ngfingl^khdr^pHihgp
fl^;. Ddy 1^ Id mdt cdch sd dyngtilrchua [did hpp
Cd nhdng tiudng hpp, t ^ n ^ h J a cda bdn djdi
bdi vi, tiong tieng Vipt tiii cdi fti cft^ khdng chi kh&ig hdn Id sai nhung cQng khdng phd hpn Ifim
dttag dl dyng trd md cdn ddng dl n h i ^ v$t dyng vi Idi&ig tii$t trung tiidnh vdi bdn ngu6n ve m$t
khdc; hon nda, tiong tiing Phdp cd mpt danh ti^ ngQ n g ^ D I tiiiy rd hon d^ng l5i ndy. Vf dy:
tuong duong, dd Id oe 6 i # t V|ly tot hon Id chung

SchadieladovctiondelavilleUiplusproche
ta ndn ddng danh td CC dii^f dl djch cymti>cxh" fii sur la carte: Ddn mfit vdo bdn d6. anh ta dang tim
c/i^ n ^ . Ngpdi sai sdt vl cdch sd dyng td tr&i ddy, hudng gin nhit vdotiidnh|di6.
ta cdn thiy n g " ^ ^'^^ *^" P*^^ P ^ ™0t sai sdt
Trong vf dy ndy. ngudi djch dd tiiyc h i ^ mdt
khdc lidn quan d ^ cd phdp, dd Id, dl djdi ciu true ^matSctiiemtroT^ dfeh thugt bdng cddi them vdo


66

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S 6 11 (241)-2015

cymtijtDdn mdt vdo bdn d(5 de md td tu the cda thl coi day Id mdt iSi dung td sai, nhung n ^ i ^
nhan v§t il trong vSn bdn goc. T19 nhidn, tiiao tdc tich Id till day ddng hon Id mpt l5i v l h ^ kit bdi
tiiem cym td nay cd le Id khdng phd hpp \ i nd ldm loi nay bfit r^u6ntiirvipc ngudi djch khdng nh§n
cho bdn djch khdng cdn trungtiidnhvdi ban g6c vl didn dui;n moi l i ^ k ^ ^Qa d^ td chi ^nh cdk-ci
mfit ngd n^iia. Thdt v^y, ta khdng till tim tiiiy bit vd danhtiJrrhytkos^iiire trong cdu trudc. Ngoii
cd mdt ylu to ndo trong vdn ban goc gidp ta bilt ra,tixmgbdn djch ndy. ngudi djdi cdn [dmm hai 1^
dupc tu till cda nhan v ^ i^ Id nhu till ndo: cd ddn v l lidn kit khi sd dgng hai l i ^ td v ^ ^ dl dj(^
mdt vdo bdn S hay ]k khdng? V§y t6t nhit Id U ^ ti^ (cory'onctkm) soit vd gjkhdng nen tuj' tidn tiiem thdng tm vdo bdn djch lidntilrsoit (tuc Id) ddng dl gjdi thfch did khg^
dan &n mpt sy thay doi v l ngd nglua khdng can [didi dl n6i hai yeu t6 dong ddng nen kh&ig tiie
ddng lien tijf vd de djdi, ^ d i td sur (trin) tid I^
tiiilt nhu v§iy.
cdng Ididng till vi chdng hodn todn Ididc nhau v^
3.4. LSI ngit dgi^
Qua {dldn tich ngQ lidu, chdng tdi chi phdt h i ^ m$t didc nfing vd ^ n ^ i ^ Tdm I ^ dl cd dirpc
thiy cd mdt tnidng hpp t^udi djdi dd cd mdt cdch mdt bdn djch trung thdnh ve m$t y n^ua vd dupc

djch khdng tii^t sy [did hpp ldm vl m$t i ^ dyng, h ^ kit cli$t chd, ta cd thl djch \ ^ bdn ndy nhu
sau: Trdi dot dugc bao phd bdi mgt khoi nu6c
dd chmh Id t n i ^ g hpp sau:
idling li dugc gpi Id thity qtiyin Thupqtei^n boo
Ecoute: I 'horloge soime la (kmie: Lfingnghe:
phd hem haiplmt ba <£^n tich dia cau, tdclgSii
dong ho dilm 12 gid.
trieu kn^ trin mdt dd sdu tnmg binh Id 3,8 km tgo
Trong vf dy nay, vdi vife sd dyng dpng tilr
nin mgt khii m^ cd thi tich Id 1350 tri^u kn^.
icouteris Ihdc mdnh l^nh, tdc gid cua vfin bdn g6c
muon bilu d^ mpt y cau Idiien. Trong khi d6, bdn
3.6. Ldimgeh lgc
djch ling nghe 1^ Ididng thl hi^n dupc (^y dd ng^
Qua phan tkh ngd lipu, diung tbi ciing &
dyng dd. V§y nen, dl truyin d^t dupc mdt cdch Oxtng ke dupc 6 trudng hpp ngufn djch cd nhQng
day dd y n ^ ^ ciu khiln cda vfin bdn gde, tdt hon sai sdt trong djch tiiu^t dan den v i ^ t^o ra nhihig
ta ndn djch Id: Nghe Ida: ddng ho dang diim 12 g^d bdn djch khdng dupc rd rdng, m^idi I9C. Vf dy:
day.
La Terre est recouverte d'une eiiondante mass
d'eau, I'hyAvi^iiire. Celle-ci occiqx plus des
3.5. IMUen ket
deux
tiers de la stpeificie du gfobe, soit 363
Chung tdi da tii6i^ kd dm^ cd 14 tiudng hpp
ngudi djdi ph^m [didi nhfing su sdt khi djdi cdc millions de km' sur une profondeur moyenne de
c ^ true lien kit, cd d mdc dd cdu iln mdc dd vfin 3,8 km, ce qity fiat un volume d'eau de 1350
millions de km.
bdn. Vidy:
Trdi dat dupc bao phd bdi ldp nude vd khii khf

La Terre est recouverte d'une abondante masse
d'eau, I'l^drosphere. Celle-ci occtqx phis des hydro. Chung bao phd hon 2/3 di&i tich kh^
deux tiers de la siqxrficie du gfobe, soit 363 tiui^ binh tuoi^ duong363 tii$u kn^so vdiddsflu
millions km, ce quy fait un volume d'eau de 1350 millions cd till tfch 1350 tiidu k m \
deht^.
Cd till tfiiy ngay rfing, bdn djch Id mdt vfin Wn
Trdi dit dupc bao [did bdi ldp nude, Idp hydro. hodn todn Ididng rd rdng m^udi I9C. Trudc ti&i,
Chung bao [did hon 2/3 dipn tich dja ciu, vd ngudi djch dd sd dyng cymtilld ^ fjc/i ^ ^ d^ li
khodng 363 tridu km^\i dp sau Uung bhdi 3,8 km mdt cym ti^ kh&ig r5 rdng vi di^n tidtvkldioi^
hai khdi nipm hodn todn khdc nhau. Sau dd, ngufri
t90 nen mdt till tich ldn Id 1350 tripu km^
Troi^ vf dy ndy, trudc tidn, ngudi djch dd djch djch l^i dCing cym tit so vdt d^ sdu trun^ binh 3,S
d^i td chi djnh ^jronom demonstrati;^ cellechdng E)dy rd rdng Id mdt cddi djch sai vi tiong tkh Idm sao l^i so vdi (^ sdt/l Roi vipc sd d^ng t&
cdu ndy d^tiJrchi # d i ceUe-d tiiay till dio danh c l ^ nqj;tixmgcdu tiqi theo cung ldm d u bdn djch
^I'l^idrosph^
(th^quyin) Id mdt danhtilrso ft, tiiieu <£ tfnh m^di I9C \ i ngu£n dpc sS kh«ig tw
khdng till djch Id chimg dUpc. ThtD^t nhhi till cd hilu dupc ^ 1 ^ nay Id (£eu ndo ?


S6 11 ( 2 4 1 ) j 0 1 S

NG6N NGtX&P6lS6NG

4.K^lu9D
3.1Mdt vdi khttyin nghi vdi sinh vtSn hgc cdc
hpc phin f$cA
Trudc tidn, sinh vien can [di^ trang bj dio minh
nhQng kiln thdc cin ve bdn diit cua vi^c djch, cdc

hlnh thdi djch tiiu|a, cdc d^ng n ^ n ngQ vd sy
c h i ^ doi trong djch tfiu^t, cdc bd ph|n vd gjai
do^n cda qud trhih djch.
Td, vide kp dgng nhfbig k i ^ tiidc ndy vdo thyc
tl djdi tiiu§t Id dilu khdng tiil tiiilu.Vf dy, tiudc
khi l ^ diu v i ^ djch mdt vdn bdn, ngudi djc^ cin
phdn tich tii$tk$»tatcdcdc ylu t6clu tiidnh phdt
ngdn trong n ^ n ngQ ngu6n (cd p h ^ ngQ n^ilB.
ngd dyng). Tilp theo, i^udi djch can tdng hpp diy
d d c d c ) ^ t 6 n d y d l s a u d d c d t i i l chuy^ tdi m^t
cddi tmng tiidnh tdiit ^ nghu cda t h ^ d i ^ .
Trong qud trinh phyc hoi ndi dung vd hinh Ihdc
\ ^ bdn ngudn tiong ngm n ^ dfeh, ngudi djch
din c ^ ^ ddi khi cin [diditiiychipn nhQng diiQ^n
dii cin tiiilt (chiQ^ d6i td vyng, diuyln d6i ngQ
ph^, chiryin dii binh didn hay nhQng tiiao tkc
tbSm. bdt trong djch thu^t) dl Idm sao cho bdn djch
di$t [did hpp hay quan t r ^ g hon Id k h ^ vi [difun
cdc chuin myc vh i ^ n ngQ vd vfin hod tiong n ^ n
ngQ dfeh.

67

diit lupng cao, dl cdc em cd till mtranhung kmh
n g h i ^ dio rieng minh ho$c Id hpc t|^ dupc cdch
thdc djch thu|it hay.
33. Mpt vdi ^ xuit vi npi dung gido trinh
cdchgcphint^
Trong cdc gjdo trinh tiiyc hdnh djch (djdi ndi,
djch vilt), ngudi so^n gjdo trinh ndn c6 gfing da

d^ng hod nhim nhit cd thl cdc biln till ngdn ngQ
Qii^ till cd nhdn. [diuong ngQ. ngQ vyc, phong
cdch) cung nhu cdc did dl, chd d i ^ trong cdc
bdi t^p djch d l sudl vidn cd dilu kidn t|p luydn
vdi nhilu d^ng vfin [diong khdc nhau nhfim tfing
cudng trinh dd ngdn ngtt ciing nhu trinh dp didi
tiiu|it de nang cao hon nQa hidu qud mdn hpc.
T A I L I | : U THAM K H A O

1. Hodng Vfin V&i (2005), N^iiin cuu djch
iMfMid xult bdn Khoa Hpc Xfi Hdi. T> HCM
2. Nguy&i Ihupng Hiing (2005), Djch thudt:titli
tin^t den thgc hdnh Nxb Vfin hod S^ Gdn. Tp
HCM.
3. Catford, J.C. (1969X A linguistic theory of
translatiim. Oxford University Press.
4. Israel, F. et Lederw, M. (2005X La thiorie
interpriiative de la traduction. Lettres Modemes
Minard, Paris - Caoi.
5. Lavauh-Olodn, E. (2007), Traduction
Song song vdi vide trang bj kiln thdc v l If sp&ncdisie: pratiques, thiories, formations. ^&ax
tiu^ djdi. ^nh v i ^ ciing can khdng ngimg tiau Lang. Bern.
d6i k i ^ tilde vl ngdn ngQ, vdn hod, xd hdi. Idioa
6. Newmaik, PP. (1979), Some problems of
hpc Idtiiu^t,...vi nhu dd ndi d tren, <^y Id nhQng translaticm theory and methodology. I-IH. (In)
k i ^ tilde khdng till tiu^ d6i vdi nhQng djch gjd FrerndspracheaPp. 98-102.
ndi ridng vd vdi cdc sinh vi&i n^j^ ngQ, nhQng
7. Newmaik, P.P. (1982), Approaches to
nguM sd dyng 1^0^ ngtt ndi chung.
ti-anslation. Pergamon Press.

8. Newmark, P.P. (1988), A textbook of
3.Z Mpt vdi de xuat vdi gido viin d^ cdc hgc
ti-anslation. Prentice Halt. London.
pbint^
9. Nida, EJV. (1964), Tawa-ds a science of
Biii^ cdch ndy hay cdch khdc, rado vidn d^y
cdc [diSn mdn thudc bd mdn djch c&i diu tu 11^ translating: With special reference to principles
and procedures involved in bible translating.
ffm vd c&ig sdc d l trang bi cho anh vi&i nhQng
Brill.Leyden. Netheriands.
ki&i tilde h S sdc cin tiii^ v l If tiiuylt djch dl cdc
10. Nida, EA. (1975), Language structure and
on cd till cd duiTC mdt nln tdng If tiiuylt toi tiiilu
translationSelccted and Introduced by A.S. Ml,
(rude khi budc chan vdo Imh vyc khoa hpc nhung
Standard. Unhwsity Press.
ciing Id mdt nghd thu§t vd cdng khd khfin ndy.
11. Nida, EA. and Taber, C. (1974), The theory
Bdn c^nh If tiniylt tiU thyc hdnh Id dilu kidn andpractice cf translaticm. Brill. Leydoi. Netiieriands.
tidn q i ^ d l sinh vidn cd till dpt d u ^ nhQng tiln
12. Seleskovitch, D. et Lederer, M. (1989),
bd bong fihh vyc djch tfiugt Gido vien ndn tdng Pidc^ogie raisonnie de I'interpritcOion Didier
cudng cho sinh vidn tiiyc hdnh djch di ddi vdi vi^c &uditiphdn tich nhQng tnidng hpp cy till, cd till Id cdc
13. VQ Vfin D^i (2002), Abjecttiiioriquede la
sai sdt ho$c cdc tdc [diim djc* tiiu^ tieu bilu cd traduction Univasi^ de langues dtrang^ de Hanoi.