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I/ CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
- Type 2: unreal in the present
<i><b>IF clause , main clause</b></i>
<b>If + S + VII/ed S + would (not) + V</b>o (infinitive)
<b> didn’t + Vo could (not) </b>
- Type 3: unreal in the past
<i><b>IF clause , main clause</b></i>
<b>If + S + had + V</b>III/ed S + would (not) + have + VIII/ed
<b> hadn’t + VIII/ed could (not) </b>
<b>Note: Unless = If…. not</b>
II/ PASSIVE VOICE
am/is are being
was/were
was/were being
have/has been
will be
can/may/must be
Active
III/ TO – INFINITIVE
<b>To/ in order to/ so as to + V</b> infinitive
<b>In order not to/ so as not to + V</b> infinitive
IV/ WH- QUESTIONS (what, why, who, when, whom, which, where, how…)
WHAT kind of/ sort of?
time?
colour?
<b>…. for?</b>
<b>…..look like?</b>
HOW far/ long?
many/ much?
old?
often?
Form:
<b>WH_ + aux.verb + S + V + O + adv?</b>
<b> HOW_ </b>
am/is/are/was/were + S + O + adv?
do/does/did + S +
have/has/had + S +
Hỏi cho chủ ngữ: Who/what + V + O + adv?
V/ IT WAS NOT UNTIL….
VI/ ADJECTIVE OF ATTITUDE (V_ing/ V3-ed )
khác hoặc trước sự vật/ sự việc khác.
VII/ ARTICLES: a/an - the
<b>A/ AN</b>
Dùng trước danh từ khơng xác định về mặt vị
trí/ tính chất/ đặc điểm hoặc được nhắc đến lần
đầu tiên trong câu.
<b>THE</b>
Dùng trước danh từ đã được xác định cụ thể
về mặt tính chất, đặc điểm, vị trí hoặc được
nhắc đến lần thứ hai trong câu.
- Dùng trước số thứ tự trước so sánh nhất
-trước các vật duy nhất
- Dùng trước 1 tính từ chỉ 1 nhóm người trong
xã hội
- Trong các cấu trúc chỉ thời gian, nơi chốn
<b>KHÔNG DÙNG MẠO TỪ trước từ chỉ: tên bữa ăn – tên đất nước, châu lục, con đường, thành </b>
phố - tên môn học, môn thể thao …
VIII/ FUTURE TENSES: WILL – BE GOING TO
<b>S + WILL + Vo</b>
- Ý định thực hiện hành động nảy sinh tại thời
điểm nói
<b>S + am/is/are + going to + Vo</b>
- Hành động sắp được thực hiện vì đã có kế
hoạch từ trước
- Dự đốn việc có thể diễn ra (cảm tính, khơng
có dấu hiệu trên thực tế)
- Đưa ra lời đề nghị được làm gì cho ai
- Dự đoán việc sắp sửa xảy ra (chắc chắn, có
dấu hiệu trên thực tế)
IX/ COMPARATIVE & SUPERLATIVE
<i>1. Comparatives (so sánh hơn)</i>
<b>S + to be + short adj-er + than + O</b>
<b> more + long adj + than + O</b>
<i>2. Superlatives (so sánh nhất)</i>
<b>S + to be + the + short Adj-est</b>
<b> the most + long Adj </b>
<i><b>Từ gốc</b></i> <i><b>So sánh hơn</b></i> <i><b>So sánh nhất</b></i>
Good Better The best
Old Older The oldest
The eldest
Bad Worse The worst
Few Fewer The fewest
Little Less The least
Many/much More The most
<b>1. Conditional sentence type 2 </b>
<i>Exercise 1: Sentence transformation</i>
1. I never get very lonely because I have lots of good friends.
If _____________________________________________________________
2. Because Simon doesn’t live near his mother, he can’t visit her often.
If _____________________________________________________________
3. I don’t have free time, so I can’t go to see him.
If _____________________________________________________________
4. I am not a millionaire, I can’t help all people.
If _____________________________________________________________
5. I am not old enough, I can’t decide my own life.
If _____________________________________________________________
6. I am very tired, so I can’t finish my work.
If _____________________________________________________________
<b>2.</b> <b>Conditional setence type 3 </b>
<i><b> </b> Exercise 2: Sentence transformation</i>
1. She didn’t eat anything because she wasn’t hungry.
<sub></sub> If _____________________________________________________________
2. The accident happened because the driver in front stopped so suddenly.
<sub></sub> If _____________________________________________________________
3. She didn’t buy the watch because she didn’t bring enough money with her.
<sub></sub> If _____________________________________________________________
4. I had a cold because I walked in the rain.
<sub></sub> If _____________________________________________________________
5. They didn’t sell the house because their children wanted to keep it.
<sub></sub> If _____________________________________________________________
6. He failed the exam because he didn’t do it well.
<sub></sub> If _____________________________________________________________
7. She couldn’t come because she had to work overtime.
<sub></sub> If _____________________________________________________________
<sub></sub> If _____________________________________________________________
9. I wasn’t hungry, so I didn’t eat anything.
<sub></sub> If _____________________________________________________________
10. I didn’t know that Hung had to get up early, so I didn’t wake him.
If _____________________________________________________________
<b>3.</b> <b>The passive voice </b>
<i>Exercise 3: Rewrite the sentences, using passive voice.</i>
1. She made a lot of mistakes in the examination.
________________________________________________________________
2. Our country exports rice to many countries in the world.
________________________________________________________________
3. Students often use a ruler to draw a straight line.
________________________________________________________________
4. When did people build that museum?
________________________________________________________________
6. People ban smoking in this restaurant.
________________________________________________________________
7. You should leave your shoes before entering the room.
________________________________________________________________
8. People held the 1998 World Cup in France.
________________________________________________________________
9. My father waters these flowers every morning.
________________________________________________________________
10. Her mother is preparing the dinner in the kitchen.
________________________________________________________________
<b>4. Attitudinal Adjectives </b>
<i>Exercise 4: Complete the sentences with the suitable V-ed or V-ing form of the words in brackets.</i>
1. The story I just finished has a very _________________ ending. (Surprise)
2. I was really _______________ by the ending of the story. (Surprise)
3. The girl was ______________ about her coming birthday party. (Excite)
4. The match we saw on TV last night was very _____________. (Excite)
5. The book I’m reading is really __________. (Interest)
6. I’m really ______________ in reading this book. (Interest)
7. I’m ________________ . I can’t understand the instructions on this box. (Confuse)
8. The instructions on the box are _____________ . (Confuse)
9. Parents should always be ________________ about the movies their chilren watch. ( concern)
10. The teacher was very much ______________________ about our terrible acting. (Annoy)
<b>5. It is/was not until + a point of time + that-clause</b>
<i>Exercise 5: Rewrite the sentences, using “It was not until …”</i>
1. She didn’t recover her confidence until that morning.
________________________________________________________________
2. He didn’t arrive at the office until half past nine.
________________________________________________________________
3. I didn’t know how to ride a bicycle until I was 15.
________________________________________________________________
4. John didn’t finish reading my book until last Saturday.
________________________________________________________________
5. I didn’t like chocolate until I went to university.
________________________________________________________________
6. No one could leave the stadium until 2.30
________________________________________________________________
7. She wasn’t allowed to open her presents until her birthday.
________________________________________________________________
8. We didn’t have any holidays until last summer.
________________________________________________________________
9. She didn’t stop learning German until the age of 24.
________________________________________________________________
10. I couldn’t finish my project until Mark helped me.
<b>6. Comparatives and superlatives </b>
<i>Exercise 6: Rewrite the following sentences without changing the meaning.</i>
1. No houses in Hoi An are as old as the Tan Ky House.
>>The Tan Ky House……
2. The blue whale is the biggest of all animals.
>>No animal . . . . .
3. Khanh Ha is the best singer in her time.
>>Khanh Ha …than any….
4. Helen doesn’t know so many novels of Shakespeare as I do.
>> Hellen knows…than…
5. Jim has more opportunities to play tennis than me.
>>I don’t ……..
6. John drives more carefully than Peter.
>> Peter ……
7. She is the most intelligent student in my class.
>> No one ………
8. Peter studies English better than I.
>> I ……….
9. He is a better player than we are.
>> We don’t …….
10. I didn’t spend as much money as you.
>> I ………
<b>7. </b>
<b> Wh-questions</b>
<i>Exercise 7 : Make Wh-questions from the underlined word or phrase: </i>
Ex: 0. He is doing homework. <sub></sub> <i>- <b>What</b> is he doing ?</i>
1. There are fifty –two students in my class.
________________________________________________________________
2. A serious accident happened yesterday.
________________________________________________________________
3. We prefer pop music to classical music.
________________________________________________________________
4. My brother goes to school by bike.
________________________________________________________________
5. It’s Mr. Dawson’s car.
________________________________________________________________
6. It takes two hours to ride to Vung Tau by car.
________________________________________________________________
7. He was absent from school because he felt sick.
________________________________________________________________
8. My mother is cooking in the kitchen.
________________________________________________________________
9. I like Rock and roll.
________________________________________________________________
<b>8. Articles: a / an and the</b>
<i>Exercise 8. Put ‘a(n) or the’ in the blanks.</i>
4. Mrs. Lan went to _____ school to meet her son’s daughter.
5. Sandra works at a big hospital. She’s _______nurse
6. What is __________highest mountain in__________world?
7. I have __________dog and_________cat. ________dog never bites_________ cat but
_______cat often scratches_________dog.
8. Would you like_________apple?
9.When you turn into Quang Trung road, you will see three houses._________red
one,________blue one and_________white one. I live in _________white one
10. Have you finished reading __________book I lent you last week?
<b>9. Will vs. be going to</b>
1. A: The ceiling in this room doesn’t look very safe, does it?
B: No, it looks as if ……… down (it/fall)
2. A: Why are you turning on the television?
B: I ……….. the news. (I/watch)
B : Oh, really ? What color ________________________ it ? ( you / paint )
4. A : Where are you going? Are you going shopping?
B : Yes, ………something for lunch. ( I / buy)
5 . A : I don’t know how to use this camera.
B: Really! ………you. ( I / show)
6. A: what would you like to drink?
B: ………a cup of tea , please. (I / have)
7. I _______________________ a party. I have already invited my friends. ( have )
8. Peter ______________________ 15 next Wednesday. ( be )
9. A: The ceiling in this room doesn’t look very safe, does it?
B: No, it looks as if ……… down (it/fall)
10. A: Why are you turning on the television?
B: I ……….. the news. (I/watch)
<b>10. Comparative - Superlative</b>
<i>Exercise 10 Choose the right forms in these sentences.</i>
1. Is your house much further/ farther?
2. Who is the oldest/ eldest in this class?
3. Your driving is worse/ worst than mine.
4. Have you heard the last/ latest news?
7. Tracy spends less/ lesser on clothes than Laura does.
8. His English is gooder / better than mine.
9. It's the better/ best in the shoe.
10. Jane is older/ elder than I am.
<i> Complete the text with the comparative or superlative of the adjectives in brackets.</i>