Asean và xã hội dân sự

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L E T H A N H H U O N G

1

T r e n g vai t h a p ky qua, sU h i n h
• t h a n h va b o a t ddng cua n h i e u td
chflc xa hpi d a n sfl (XHDS) tai cac qudc
gia Ddng N a m A cho t h a y cdng d a n cac
qudc gia ASEAN ngdy cang q u a n t a m hdn
den cac v a n de cua dia phfldng, qudc gia,
khu vflc cflng t h e gidi. H i n h thflc b e a t
ddng va ket qua ciia cac h e a t ddng XHDS
khdng giong n h a u d cac qudc gia, song,
nhin chung, d mflc dp nao dd da lam t a n g
trach n h i e m giai t r i n h d a n chu, giup cho
nha nfldc va n h a n d a n den gan n h a u hdn
va gdp p h a n lam cho xa hpi gan k e t hdn,
gifla cac dan tpc, tdn giao cd sfl t h d n g
nhat, hai boa hdn trdng sfl da dang'^'.

2. Xet rieng biet tflng qudc gia t h a n h
vien ASEAN, cho den nay, each n h i n
n h a n va t h a i dp cua cac n h a nfldc dd'i vdi
XHDS khdng giong n h a u . Tuy n h i e n ,
chung t a cung n h a n t h a y n e t tUdng ddng
chinh t h e hien d viec n h a nfldc cd t h a i dp
p h a n biet rd ret ddi vdi hai n h d m X H D S :
mpt mat, luon luon hd trd tai chinh va
khuyen khich cac td chflc XHDS "cua
minh", nghia la cac td chflc do n h a nfldc
trUc tiep hoac gian tiep lap ra, b o a t ddng
theo dinh hfldng ciia n h a nfldc. M a t k h a c ,
khdng k h u y e n khich, t h a m chi kiem che

cac b o a t ddng cua nhdm td chflc ddc lap,
chu yeu cd ten gpi Td chflc Phi chinh p h u
(NGO), va dac biet la cac NGO que'c te (cd
nguon gdc va hd trd tai chinh tfl ben
ngoai). Rieng d Campuchia, n h a nfldc
k h u y e n khich cac NGO td chflc cac h e a t
ddng dfldi nhieu h i n h thflc, k h a n g dinh
vai trd tich cUc cua cac NGO dd'i vdi sfl
p h a t trien xa hpi, d a n h gia cao sfl ddng
gdp ciia cac N G O qudc te trong viec phuc
hUng va t h u c day nen kinh te p h a t trien.
Hdn nfla, N h a nUdc cdn n h a n m a n h nhu
cau cung cd' cac chinh sach hdp tac gifla
N h a nfldc va cac td chflc XHDS lam nen
t a n g chd dfldng loi qudc gia n h a m muc
tieu d a n chii, tfl do, t r a t tfl xa hpi*^'. Mac
dfl vay, tuy theo giai doan lich sii cua quo'c
gia cung nhfl t h e gidi, thai dp cua n h a
nfldc dd'i vdi XHDS cd the bien ddi.

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<b>22 </b> <i>Nghien cifu Ddng Nam A 1/2010 </i>

ddi vdi Giao hpi Cdng giao, cung len
xud'ng, thay ddi qua cac ddi tdng thdng.
Tdng thong ddc tai Marcos gan cho ca
nhdm dn hda va cap tien trong Giao hgi la
cpng san khien mpt so ngUdi bi bat bd tu
day va chet, nhung Tdng thdng Aquino lai
trong cay vao Giao hpi ma dai dien la

Tdng Giam muc ciia Manilla, Hdng y Giao
chii Sin. Khdng dUdc sU iing hp cua Giao
hpi trong cudc bau cit, Tdng thdng dac cit
Fidel Ramos trong nhiem ky 1992-1998
khdng dUa vao, khdng chd'ng lai Giao hpi
nhflng cung bd qua nhflng de nghi can
thiep ciia Giao hpi. Cdn vdi Tong thdng
dfldng nhiem Gleria Arroyo, Giao hpi la
chd dfla dang tin cay

O Xingapo tfl khi ddc lap nam 1965 den
nay, Dang Nhan dan Hanh ddng (PAP)
cam quyen duy nhat d Xingapd, sdng,
quan he gifla XHDS va nha nfldc da bien
chuyen qua may giai dean. Cho den cudi
nhflng nam 80 cua the ky trfldc, theo he tfl
tfldng nha nfldc luan cua PAP, Nha nfldc
lanh dao, khdng hi chi phd'i bdi nhflng Idi
ich rieng le cung nhfl cac cudc trUng cau
dan y, cd trach nhiem huy ddng va phd'i
hdp mpi ngudn lUc nham muc tieu cao
nhat la phat trien kinh te. Chinh vi the,
chi mpt bd phan nhd cac nhdm XHDS dUdc
dUdc khich le vi dUdc coi la iing^hp md
hinh phat trien kinh te-xa hpi cua nha
nudc, trong khi khdng gian cho cac NGO
van ddng hanh lang, cac hgi nghe nghiep,
tri thflc va cdng dan hi bd hep va do elite
nha nfldc quan ly chat che<''\ Tuy nhien,
tfl gifla nhflng nam 80 sfl phat trien kinh

te dan den sU phan cap rd ret trong xa hpi
va mpt bd phan thieu so' nhan dan cam

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Hai ludng X H D S d Malaixia cflng gay
cho chinh p h u nUdc nay t h a i dp tUdng t u
nhfl Xingapd. L u d n g NGO d a u t r a n h cho
n h a n quyen, mdi trUdng, k h d n g n h a n
dUdc sfl u n g hp cua n h a nfldc. N h a nfldc
khdng nhflng k h d n g dap flng nhflng yeu
sach cua he, t h a m chi cdn dap lai b a n g
viec b a t bd h a y h a m doa va xiet c h a t hdn
nfla cac dad l u a t h a khac*^*. Dd'i vdi cac
NGO ve quyen p h u nfl n h u AW AM, SIS
hay PSWS... t h i t h a i dp cua n h a nUdc
mang ddng thdi h a i sac t h a i dd'i lap. Mpt
mat, n h a nUdc lo ngai a n h hudng cua hp
ddi vdi cac chinh d a n g va p h e p h a n chinh
phu khi cac nfl bd trfldng p h a t bieu r a n g
vi tri dau tien va hien n h i e n cua p h u nfl la
xd hep; m a t k h a c , lai u n g hp chfldng t r i n h
h a n h dpng cua hp n h a m t h u h u t phieu
bau cua p h u nfl...

<i>d Inddnexia dudi che dp T r a t tfl Mdi </i>

ciia Suhartd, X H D S cflng gay cho chinh
phu hai t a m ly t r a i ngfldc: mpt m a t , h d a n
nghenh, cd vfl cac h e a t ddng s a n se bdt
nhflng g a n h n a n g phuc Idi tfl p h i a n h a
nfldc hdac cac chfldng t r i n h p h a t t r i e n d

quy md nho; m a t k h a c luon coi cac N G O la
mdi tiem a n sU dd'i lap chinh tri, t h a m chi
cd khi cdn hi quy c h u p la phong t r a o c a n h
ta lien q u a n den cuoc chien tfl ben ngoai
va bi dan Ap**^'. Tfl s a u khi S u h a r t o hi lat
dd den nay, he thdng chinh tri mdi c h a p
nhan phong t r a o XHDS va q u a n niem ve
XHDS da t h a y ddi, gan vdi phong trdo d a n
chu hoa, ngudi t a ky vpng X H D S cd t h e
giup n h a nUdc giai quyet va'n de x u n g dot
sac tpc n a n giai cua nUdc nay. Tiep t h e e
ket luan cua ASEAN S u m m i t 14 do T h a i
Lan dang cai tai H u a Hin mdi day, Tdng

t h d n g Susilo B a m b a n g Yudhoyono ndi
r a n g "Inddnexia da va dang lam t a t ca de
lam ta'm gUdng trong viec khdng chi t a n g
cUdng a n sinh xa hpi ma cdn tdn trpng n h a
nUdc p h a p quyen, thuc day n h a n quyen va
t u do, trong dd cd tU do bao c h f '^'.

O Viet N a m , trong k h o a n g 10 n a m sau
k h i Viet N a m dfldc giai phdng, thdng
n h a t d a t nfldc, khdng cd boat ddng cua
<i>cac N G O nfldc ngoai, nhflng tfl Doi mdi, </i>
q u a n g c a n h da t h a y ddi n h a n h chdng.
Den nay, chinh p h u Viet Nam da d a n h
gia tich cflc ve nhflng ddng gdp cua cac
NGO qudc te cung nhfl dia phUdng trdng
linh vUc xoa ddi giam ngheo, dan sd va

binh dang gidi... Tuy nhien, cho den nay,
da s d c a c b o a t ddng XHDS dUdc thflc hien
bdi cac td chflc doan the (hay cdn gpi la
cac td chflc chinh iri-xa hpi) va cac td
chflc nghe nghiep, van hoa. Cac td chflc
nay n h a n met p h a n kinh phi boat ddng tfl
n g a n sach n h a nUdc, da va dang tich cflc
boat dpng de hd trd D a n g cpng san Viet
<i>N a m " ° ' . Theo Ddnh gid ban ddu ve </i>

<i>XHDS tai Viet Nam, trong t h a p ky trfldc </i>

va nha't la nhflng n a m dau cua the ky 2 1 ,
XHDS Viet N a m cd nhflng tien be d a n g
ke. Tuy vay, XHDS Viet N a m cdn nhieu
r a n g buoc vdi n h a nUdc va vi vay thieu tU
chu, ca ve cd cau lan ngudn tai chinh.

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<b>24 </b>

<i>Nghien cifu Ddng Nam A 1/2010 </i>
Nam va Xingapo than trong hdn trong

viec mdi cac CSO tham gia qua trinh ra
quyet dinh*'^'.

3. Dd'i vdi ASEAN vdi tU each mot td
chflc khu vUc, cd the ndi, den trfldc cugc
khung hoang tai chinh chau A, cac CSO
khdng cd y nghia gi. Quan diem ve XHDS
bat dau cd chuyen bien tfl khi y tfldng ve
Dai hpi Nhan dan ASEAN (APA: ASEAN

People's Assambly) lan dau tien dfldc ban
den tren Kenh 1 va Kenh 2'^^'. Tiep de,
ASEAN-ISIS da ban ve hinh thflc va
trinh tfl td chflc APA. Ngay 24-26
/11/2000, APA I dd CSIS, Trung tam
Nghien cflu Chien Ifldc va Qudc te*^'^* tc
chflc tai dao Batam, Inddnexia. Dai hpi
ndy da thanh cdng trong viec quy tu nhieu
thanh vien cua cac nhdm XHDS, cac cd
quan thudc Kenh 2 va tham chi ca cac nha
hoach dinh chinh sach den tfl ca 10 qudc
gia ASEAN. APA II td chflc vao thang
9/2002 tai Bali, Inddnexia vdi chu de
<i>"Chung ta, cdc ddn tdc ASEAN vd nhiing </i>
<i>thdch thdc cua chung ta". Cac APA III, IV </i>
va V deu dien ra d Manila, Philippin, dd
ISDS (Vien Nghien cflu Chien Ifldc va
Phat trien tai Quezen City, Philippin) va
ASEAN-ISIS Secretariat (thdng qua

CSIS) ddng td chflc, APA VI cung dfldc td
chflc nam 2007 tai Manila. Philippin va
APA VII vfla dien ra tai Thai Lan ngay
28/2-1/3 2009 (tri hoan theo ASEAN
Summit). Cac APA dfldc td chflc tfl nam
2000 den nay dUdc cdi la khung khd chd
ddi thoai gifla cac chinh phu, cac nhdm tfl
van va CSO d ASEAN ve cac van de anh
hfldng den cac dan tpc cflng nhfl cpng
ddng ASEANO^).

Va'n de lien quan den XHDS bat dau
dfldc nhae den met each chinh thflc trdng
bai phat bieu cua Tdng thdng Inddnexia
Megawati Sukarnoputri tai Le ky niem 36
nam thanh lap ASEAN ndm 2003, khi ndi
ASEAN nen tich cflc hdn, nen nhay cam
hdn doi vdi cac gia tri va tfl tfldng chu dad
trdng cac quan he qudc te, bao gdm ca dan
chu va tdn trpng nhan quyen ^^^\ Tiep
dd, nam 2004, ASEAN Summit 10 da
thdng qua Chfldng trinh Hanh dpng (PoA)
Vien Chan de xay dflng Cong ddng Van
hda-Xa hgi (ASCC), khang dinh "nhan to
mau chdt cua ASCC la "XHDS tham gia
cung cap nhflng de xuat cho viec lUa chgn
chinh sach" '"^'. Quyet liet va thang than,
Tong thdng Inddnexia Susilo Bambang
Yudhoyono trong Le ky niem 38 nam
ASEAN td chflc tai J a k a r t a ngay
8/8/2005, khi ndi ve khia canh dan chu
trong viec xay dflng Cong ddng ASEAN,
da khang dinh: 'ASEAN cd the lam nhieu
hdn nfla chd cac dan tpc trong ASEAN neu
dam bao sfl tham gia nhieu hdn ciia nhan
dan vao cac quyet dinh cua td chflc nay"
va "Tat ca cac hiep dinh va khu vflc mau
dich tfl do, cac tuyen bd va ke hoach hanh
dpng deu do cac nguyen thu, cac vi bd
trUdng va cac quan chflc cad ca'p quyet

dinh. Thuc te la nhan dan chang biet gi ve
nhflng sang kien vl dai ma ASEAN thay
mat hp ban luan" *^^\

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vdi sfl hd trd cua B a n thfl ky ASEAN td
<b>chflc tai B a n k d k va ngay s a u dd la Hgi </b>
<b>n g h i X H D S A S E A N (ACSC: ASEAN </b>
Civil Society Conference) lan thfl I vdi chu
<i>de "Ciing nhau xdy diing mot tiicfng lai </i>

<i>chung" dfldc td chflc theo s a n g kien cua </i>

chinh p h u Malaixia, tai Dai hpc Cdng
n g h e MARA, t h a n h p h d S h a h A l a m ,
Malaixia tfl ngdy 7-9/12/2005. T u y e n bd
cua Hpi nghi n a y dfldc t r i n h len ASEAN
S u m m i t 11 tai K u a l a L u m p u r tfl ngay
12/12/2005, bao gdm 10 va'n de q u a n t a m
cflng vdi cac de x u a t , k h u y e n nghi<^^'. Dac
biet, Muc 57 t r o n g t u y e n bd' cua chu tich
ASEAN S u m m i t 1 1 , d a n h r i e n g cho
XHDS: "Chflng tdi n h a n t h a y XHDS ddng
gdp vai trd ngay cang q u a n trpng trong
ASEAN khi c h u n g t a xay dflng mpt cdng
ddng ASEAN lay n h a n d a n lam t r u n g
tam. Vi the, c h u n g tdi u n g hp viec td chflc
Hpi nghi XHDS h a n g n a m song song vdi
ASEAN S u m m i t , va T u y e n bd cua hpi
nghi se dfldc de t r i n h len cac vi nguyen
thd ASEAN'"<i9). T h e e t i n h t h a n dd, Hpi

nghi ACSC Ian thfl II vdi sfl t h a m gia cua
hdn 300 dai bieu da dUdc Nhdm Cdng tac
cua SAPA (Solidarity for Asian Peeple's
Advocacy) cung cac dd'i tac td chflc d Cebu,
Philippin vao n g a y 10-12/12/2006. D a n g
chu y la cac t u y e n bo' va chfldng t r i n h
h a n h dpng cua ASEAN S u m m i t 2006 da
cdng n h a n cac cudc hpp va m a n g lUdi cac
CSO va NGO, n h u APA do cac A S E A N
-ISIS td chflc va Nhdm Cong tac de t h a n h
lap mpt Cd che N h a n quyen ASEAN'^"*.

Trong n a m 2007, A S E A N - I S I S cung da
<b>trieu t a p APA VI vao t h a n g 10 t a i Manila, </b>
Philippin. Trong so' nhflng van de Hpi

nghi nay de cap den cd van de boa binh va
xung dot xa hpi, tfl do bao chi va cac
phfldng tien thong tin dai chflng, cd che
k h u vUc ve n h a n quyen, viec thUc hien
xay d u n g cpng ddng ASEAN lay n h a n dan
lam t r u n g tam... Cac de x u a t va kien nghi
cua hpi nghi nay da dUdc de t r i n h len
ASEAN S u m m i t lan thfl 13 do Xingapo
lam chu tich vao t h a n g 11/2007. Cflng
k h o a n g thdi gian dien ra APA VI, ACSC
lan thfl III do SIIA (Vien Cac van de Qudc
te Xingapo) td chflc trong 2 ngay
27-28/10/2007. Hpi nghi nay tu hpp 50 dai
dien tfl cac nUdc t h a n h vien ASEAN, den

tfl cac NGO, cac nhdm chuyen gia tU van
( t h i n k - t a n k ) , cac CSO cung mpt sd quan
sat vien cua chinh phu cac nUdc ASEAN
va cac td chflc qudc te, dai dien cua Ban
Thfl ky ASEAN va Tdng Thu ky ASEAN
Ong Keng Yong cung t h a m du.

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26 <i>Nghien cifu Ddng Nam A 1/2010 </i>

<i>ASEAN cung da dfla ra "Nhiing nguyen </i>
<i>tdc chi dgo ve quan he vdi cdc CSO" bao </i>
gdm 16 nguyen tac, trong dd nguyen tac
thfl nhat la "td chflc phi Idi nhuan cua cac
phap nhan ASEAN, nham thuc day, cung
cd va giup hien thUc boa cac muc tieu va
muc dich cua hdp tac ASEAN trdng cac
linh vflc chinh tri, kinh te, xa hpi, van
hda, khda hpc, y te va cdng nghe" *^^'. Hien
nay ASEAN thiet lap quan he chinh thflc
vdi 58 CSO cua khu vUc, nhu cac Phdng
Thudng mai va Cdng nghiep
(ASEAN-CCI), cac td chflc nghien cflu chien Ifldc,
qudc te va phat trien (ASEAN-ISIS), ma
trudc bet la CSIS (Inddnexia), SIIA
(Xingapo), ISDS (Philippin)

4. Nhfl vay, XHDS da cd dfldc vi tri
trong cac tuyen bd'chinh thflc tfl nam 2005
den nay cua ASEAN, td chflc Idn nhat va
vflng chac nhat cua Ddng Nam A. Tinh

than chung cua ASEAN la ung hp va
khuyen khich cac td chflc, cac hoat dpng
XHDS cflng vdi ASEAN hudng tdi nhflng
<i>muc tieu cpng ddng de ra trong Tdm nhin </i>
<i>ASEAN 2020 va Cdc Muc tieu Thien Nien </i>
<i>ky. APA va ACSC da dUdc ASEAN chinh </i>
thflc cong nhan la cac dien dan xa hpi
thfldng nien song song vdi ASEAN
Summit, deu cd sfl tham gia cua Ban thfl
ky va Tdng Thfl ky ASEAN. Thang 1/2008,
Tdng thfl ky ASEAN Surin Pitsuwan
khang dinh: "Chung ta can phai md rdng
va lam sau sac hdn nfla mdi quan he va sfl
tfldng tac vdi cac NGO va CSO trdng khu
vflc, vi cac td chflc nay boat dpng gan gfli
vdl nhan dan va cd flu the nhat trong viec
phat bieu nhflng nguyen vpng cua nhan
dan ve mpt Cpng ddng ASEAN"^''^'^\ Ve

phan minh, cd the tha'y, thdng qua cac
APA va ACSC, XHDS ASEAN cam ket no
lUc tham gia vao viec xay dUng Cong ddng
ASEAN hudng ve nhan dan
ori-ented) va nhan dan lam dpng lUc
(people-driven), ddng thdi keu ggi va dUa ra nhflng
yeu cau ddi vdi ASEAN, chang ban nhu
yeu cau lap ra nhflng cd che hieu qua dam
bad sU trong sach, trach nhiem giai trinh
va sU tham gia ciia nhan dan, yeu cau
nhflng vi tri tat yeu cua XHDS trong tat ca

cac qua trinh ra quyet dinh cua ASEAN,
dam bao sU tham gia day du cua XHDS
trong tien trinh soan thao cung nhfl ban
dfl thao cud'i cung Hien chfldng ASEAN
trfldc khi dfla ra trflng cau dan y va trong
viec thanh lap Cd quan Nhan quyen
ASEAN (AHRB).

<i><b>Tuy nhien, Hien chuang ASEAN </b></i>
dfldc ky ket vao thang 11/2007 sau thdi
gian dai soan thao va dfldc cac qudc gia
thanh vien lan lUdt thdng qua trdng nam
2008 da khien XHDS that vgng. Cai
XHDS ASEAN trong ddi khdng phai la
<i><b>"Hien chfldng ASEAN", ma la "Hien </b></i>

<i><b>chuang Nhdn dan ASEAN". Nhflng de </b></i>

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cflng vdi B a n thfl ky ASEAN cua cac qudc
gia t h a n h vien t a n g cfldng y thflc t r d n g
n h a n d a n ve b a n sac ASEAN"^''^'^*. N e u
nhfl vay thi nhflng b a n k h o a n m a Tdng
thdng Inddnexia Susilo B a m b a n g n e u r a
n a m 2005 va sfl k h a n g dinh cua Tong Thfl
ky ASEAN S u r i n P i t s u w a n vao t h a n g
1/2008 (da de cap d t r e n ) la ve nghia, bdi
vi cd che b o a t dpng cua ASEAN v d n k h d n g
he t h a y ddi, lay n h a nfldc Idm t r u n g t a m ,
tfl t r e n xud'ng, va ngfldi t a cd quyen nghi
ngd y n g h i a cua c u m tfl "Hfldng ve n h a n

dan" cda ASEAN. X H D S va ASEAN ly
giai cum tfl "Hfldng ve n h a n dan" theo hai
each khac n h a u . Vdi ASEAN, dieu dd
dfldng nhfl cd n g h i a la lam cho n h a n d a n
biet den ASEAN va xay dflng mpt b a n s i c
ASEAN, cdn vdi X H D S , dd la viec t r a o
quyen cho n h a n d a n va xay dflng t i n h da
nguyen trong viec r a quyet d i n h ciia
ASEAN. SAPA p h a n flng lai Hien chfldng
ASEAN b a n g each soan t h a o mpt Hien
chfldng N h a n d a n ASEAN, t r o n g dd t h e
hien y nghia cua "Hfldng ve n h a n dan"
theo each hieu cua CSO. Mac dfl b a n Hien
chfldng N h a n d a n ASEAN chfla dflng
nhflng dieu k h o a n "fldc mong" va se hi bac
bd vi phi thflc te, nhflng nd da l a m cho
B a n Thfl ky ASEAN va nhflng ngfldi dflng
dau n h a nfldc tha'y dfldc k h a n a n g t h a m
gia va ddng gdp cua X H D S vao viec giai
quyet cac van de ciia k h u vflc.

Hdn nfla, trdng H i e n chfldng ASEAN,
cd che n h a n quyen chi dfldc n h a e den b a n g
met cau: "ASEAN se ce mpt cd q u a n n h a n
quyen (AHRB) m a dfl t h a e (TOR) se dfldc
xac dinh tai Cuoc hpp Cac Bp trfldng
Ngdai giad ASEAN" (25). T a i C h a - a m , T h a i

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<span class='text_page_counter'>(8)</span><div class='page_container' data-page=8>

<b>28 </b>

<i>Nghien cifu Ddng Nam A 1/2010 </i>

nhfl Malaixia va Xingapo thi chi r a t h a c h
thflc Idn n h a t la gifla cac nfldc t h a n h vien
ASEAN tdn tai qua n h i e u k h a c biet, vi
vay viec cai t h i e n v a n de n h a n q u y e n ddi
bdi q u a t r i n h lau dai. Thii tfldng Ly H i e n
Long cua Xingapo v a n gifl q u a n diem "coi
t r p n g thflc c h a t chfl k h d n g p h a i la h i n h
thflc cua n h a n quyen. Ndi each k h a c ,
c h u n g tdi d a m bao n h a n d a n cd cdm no, ao
mac, cd trfldng hpc tot, cd cac cd hpi b i n h
dang, dam bao cho hp dfldc tiep c a n cac
dich vu trong sach, hieu qua cua c h i n h
p h u va k h e n g cd t h a m nhung"*^^'.

T r e n thflc te, nhflng k h a c biet gifla cac
nudc ASEAN la khd k h a n Idn cho viec
t h a n h lap mot cd che n h a n q u y e n A S E A N .
M p t so ngUdi cho r a n g H i e n chUdng
ASEAN khdng giai quyet dUdc cac v a n de
cd b a n (trdng dd cd n h a n quyen) m a cac
t h a n h vien ASEAN d a n g p h a i ddi m a t ,
nhUng sd khac lai tin r a n g Hien chUdng la
chia khda md r a tUdng lai cua ASEAN. Cd
le c a n t h e m thdi gian de biet chac c h a n
b a n Hien chUdng ASEAN la mpt c a m k e t
t h u c sU vi n h a n d a n h a y k h e n g . Cdn vdi
xa hpi d a n sU, theo Alan Collins, g i a n g
vien cao ca'p Khoa C h i n h tri hpc vd Q u a n
he qudc te, Dai hpc S w a n s e a , Vudng qudc
Anh, canh cita cua ASEAN da md, nhflng

<i>chi mdi h e m6'-^^\/. </i>

<b>C H U T H I C H </b>

1. S t a t e m e n t of ASEAN Civil Society
Conference to the 11th ASEAN Summit,

ghtlight/pdf/ASEAN_Statement.pdf

2. Xem: Nguyen Sy Tuan. "The Role of Civil
Society in Cambodia". Bai tham luan tai
Hpi thao Non-traditional Security do
Vien Chau A-Thai Binh Dudng, Vien Han
lam Khoa hpc Trung Qudc td chflc tai Bic
Kinh, Trung Quoc, 23/4/2004.

3. Gillian Koh and Goi Giok Ling. "Relationship
between state and civil society in
Singapore". In Lee Hock Guan ed. Civil
Society in Southeast Asia. NIAS
Press-ISEAS, Singapore, 2004, tr.l69. Ve viec
nay, hai tac gia nay con dUa ra mot ly do
quan trong khac la Chinh phu cua ong Ly
Quang Dieu de chflng sflc manh xa hpi va
kha nang huy dong quan chung cua XHDS.
4. Gillian Koh and Goi Giok Ling. Bdd. Tr.

171-172.

5. Chua Beng Huat. "Domestic Politics. The

Relative Autonomies of State and Civil
Society". In State-Society Relations,
edit-ed by Gillian Koh and Goi Giok Ling.
Oxford and New York: Oxforrd University
Press, 2000.

6. Xem; Gillian Koh and Goi Giok Ling. Bdd,
tr.l69.

7. Lai S u a t Yan. "Participation of the
Women's Movements in Malaysia". In Lee
Hock Guan ed. Civil Society in Southeast
Asia. NIAS Press-ISEAS, Singapore,
2004, p.121-143.

8. Xem them: Thung J u Lan. Ethnicity and
the Civil Rights Movement in Indonesia.
In Lee Hock Guan ed. Sdd., tr. 217-9.
9. RI to Incourage creation of ASEAN

H u m a n R i g h t s B o d y ,


-to-encourage-creation-of-asean-human-rights-body 23/1/2009.

10. Danh gia ban dau ve XHDS tai Viet Nam.
Du an CIVICUS-SAT do CIVICUS, VIDS
Vien Nhflng van de phat trien, SNV va
UNDP tai trd. Lien hiep cac hoi KH&KT
Viet Nam (VUSTA) va VIDS xuat ban, Ha

Npi, 2005.

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<span class='text_page_counter'>(9)</span><div class='page_container' data-page=9>

pp.313-331, d Indonesia, tfl sau khi Trat
tu Mdi Sup dd den nay, sd litdng NGO da
tang gap bay lan. d Malaysia, tfl khi ong
Badawi gifl chflc Thu tUdng, khong gian
cho XHDS dUdc md rong hdn. Hoi nghi
XHDS ASEAN dau tien dUdc td chflc cflng
thdi gian vdi ASEAN Summit 11 vao
thang 12/2005 la sang kien cua chinh phu
ong Badawi.

12. Kenh 1 la kenh chinh phu, Kenh 2 la hoc
gia va Kenh 3 la XHDS.

13. ASEAN-ISIS: Vien Nghien cflu Chien
lUdc va Quo'c te thuoc ASEAN; Centre for
Strategic & International Studies co tru
sd tai J a k a r t a , Indonesia la mpt td chflc
doc lap, phi Idi nhuan, thanh lap nam
1971. NGO nay co quan he chinh thflc vdi
Ban thu ky ASEAN.

1 4 . H t t p : / / w w w . a s e a n i s i s a s e a n p e o p l e
-sassembly.net (27/2/2009)

15. Megawati Sukarnoputri. Remarks by
the President of the Republic of
Indonesia on the Occasion of the 36
Anniversary of The Association of

Southeast Asian Nation, J a k a r t ,
8/8/2003, 10/2007.
16. ASEAN Secretariat, "ASEAN Socio-Cultural
Community Plan of Action", paragraph 1,
2004,
17. H.E.Dr.Susilo Bambang Yuhoyono. "On

Building the ASEAN Community: The
Democratic Aspect". Lectrure on the
occa-sion of The 38 Aniversary of The Association
of Southeast Asian Nations, Jakarta, 8
August 2005, 10/2007.
18. Hoi nghi nay co hdn 120 dai dien den tfl

cac td chflc XHDS 10 nude ASEAN, phan
tich 5 chu de nhanh va dUa ra 10 van de,
khuyen nghi: 1) Tiep can vdi thong tin;
2)Tham gia vao viec ra quyet dinh; 3)
Khong CO cong dong nao khong co nhan
dan; 4) Cac tam nhin khong thUc hien
dUdc; 5) Thay doi ban chat cac thach thflc;
6) Quyen dan sU va chinh tri; 7) Cong
bang va binh dang trong thUdng mai;
8)Trao quyen cho phu nfl, thanh nien va
ngUdi ban xfl va 10) Vai tro cua giao due
va phUdng tien thong tin dai chung trong
viec hun due mot ban sSc ASEAN. Hoi

nghi cung cam ket tich cUc dong gop vao
viec thuc hien cac muc tieu ASEAN de ra:

xay dung mot ASEAN cong bang va hoa
binh. Statement of ASEAN Civil Society
Confrence to the ASEAN Summit 11th,

ghtlight/pdf/ASEAN_Statement.pdf

19. Chairmen's Statement of the 11th
ASEAN Summit "One Vision, One
Identity, One Community", Kuala
Lumpur, 12/12/2005. Http://aseansec.org
20. ASEAN Civil Society Conference 2007;

C h a i r m a n ' s

Statement, http;//w WW.siiaonline.org/asea
n _ c i v i l _ s o c i e t y _ c o n f e r e n c e _ o c t o
-ber_26_28_2007 (27/2/2009)

21. The Eminent Persons Group (EPG)
Report on the Proposed ASEAN Charter.
Http://aseansec.org

22. ASEAN Secretariat. Guidelines On
ASEAN's Relations with Civil Society
Organisation, 6 April 2006,

23. Gary Rodan, "Singapore's Founding
Myths vs. Freedom", Far Eastern
Economic Review, October 2006, pp.

13-17.

24. Alan Collins. Bdd.

25. Chuyen din: Alan Collin. Bdd.

26. Http://www.gov.ph/news/default.asp?i=23
746 11/3/2009

27. RI to encourage creation of ASEAN

Human Rights Body.

-to-encourage-creation-of-asean-human-rights-body 23/1/2009.

28. Lilian Budianto. ASEAN makes right
body toothless,
jakarta-
post.com/news/2009/2/28/asean-makes-rights -body-toothless.html 10/3/2009.
29. Pitchai Chuensuksawadi. Better human

rights still a long way off,
http;//www.bangkokpost.com/news/local/12

465/better-human-rights-still-a-long-way-off . NTiU vay co nghia la nha lanh dao
Singapore vin trung thanh vdi quan diem
TUdng doi ve nhan quyen.

</div>

<!--links-->
<a href='Http://www.asean isis aseanpeoplesassembly.net'>H t t p : / / w w w . a s e a n i s i s a s e a n p e o p l e </a>
<a href='Http://www.asean-isis-aseanpeople-sassembly.net'>-sassembly.net (27/2/2009</a>
<a href=''> 10/2007</a>
<a href='Http://aseansec.org'> Http://aseansec.org </a>
<a href='Http://www.gov.ph/news/default.asp?i=23'> Http://www.gov.ph/news/default.asp?i=23 </a>
ASEAN và tìm hiểu về cơ chế giải quyết tranh chấp khu vực của ASEAN

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