passive infinitive and gerund

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PASSIVE AND PAST FORM OF INFINITIVES AND GERUND

FORMS:

SIMPLE PAST

ACTIVE to see

seeing

to have seen
having seen

PASSIVE to be seen

being seen

to have been seen
having been seen
PASSIVE INFINITIVE:

to have + past participle

(a).The rain seems to have stopped

The event expressed by a past infinitive or past 
gerund happened before the time of the main 
verb. In (a)The rain seem now to have stopped a 
few minutes ago

PAST GERUND:

having + past participle

(b) I appreciate having had the opportunity to 
meet the king

In (b): I meet the king yesterday. I appreciate 
now having had the opportunity to meet the king 
yesterday.

PASSIVE INFINITIVE:
To be + past participle

(c). I did not expect to be invited to his party

In (c). To be invited is passive. The understood 
by- phrase is “by him”. I did not expect to be 
invited by him.

PASSIVE GERUND:

(d). I appreciated being invited your home. In (d). being invited is passive. The understood by- phrase is “by you”: I appreciated being 
invited by you.

PAST PASSIVE INFINITIVE
To have been + past participle

(e). Nadia is fortune to have been given a 
scholarship.

In (e). Nadia was given a scholarship lsat month

by her government. She is fortune. Nadia is 
fortune now to have been given a scholarship last
month by her government.

PAST PASSIVE GERUND;
Having been + past participle

(f). I appreciate having been told the news.

In (f): I was told the nwes yesterday by 
someone. I appreciate that. I appreciate now 
having been told the newsyesterday by someone.

Note: if the main verb is past, the action of the past infinitive or gerund happened before a time in 
the past:

The rain seems to have stopped= the rain seems at 6 pm to have stopped before six pm
I appreciated having had the opportunity to meet the king= I met the king in 1995. In 1997 I 
appreciated having had the opportunity to meet the king in 1995.

EXERCISES ON

PASSIVE AND PAST FORM OF INFINITIVES AND GERUND

Supply an appreciate form of each verb in parentheses

.

1. I don’t enjoy (laugh)

………

at by other people.

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passive infinitive and gerund

<b>EXERCISES ON </b>

<b>PASSIVE AND PAST FORM OF INFINITIVES AND GERUND</b>

<b>Supply an appreciate form of each verb in parentheses</b>

.

1.

I don’t enjoy (laugh)

………

at by other people.

3.

It is easy (fool)

………

. by his lies.

4.

I expected (invite)

………

..to the party but I wasn’t.

5.

Sometimes aldolescent complain about not (understand)

………

.

by their parents.

6.

Your compositions are supposed (write)

………

..in ink.

7.

JinWon had a narrow escape. He was almost hit by car. He barely avoid (hit)

………

..by speeding automobile.

8.

Ms Thompson is always willing to help if there is a problem in the office, but she

doesn’t want (call)

………

.at home if there is an

emergency.

9.

Jack welles has a good chance of (elect)

………

I know I am going

to vote for him.

10.Carlos appears (lose)

………

some weight. Has he seen

ill?

11.You must tell me the truth. I insit on (tell)………the truth.

12.Don’t all of us want (love)……….and (need)………by

othe people.

13.Dear Horoki,

I feel guilty about (not/ write)………to you sooner, but I

have been swarmed with work lately.

14.A: You know Jim Frankenstein, don’t you?

B: Jim Frankenstein? I don’t think so. I don’t recall ever (meet)

………..him.

15.Mr Gow mentioned (injure)………in an accident as a

child, but he never told us the details.

16.Tim was in the army during the war. He was caught by the enimy, but he managed

to escape. He is lucky (escape)……….with his

life.

17.A: Is Abdul a transfer student?

B: Yes

A: where did he go before he came here?

B: I am not sure but he mentioned something about (go)

……….to Oxford or Harvard.

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