Nghiên cứu trích ly polyphenol từ củ hà thủ ô đỏ (polygonum multiflorum thunb ) và ứng dụng trong thực phẩm

THE JOINT ACADEMIC PROGRAM OF EXECUTIVE MASTER IN
SCIENCES AND MANAGEMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT
BETWEEN INDUSTRIAL UNIVERSITY OF HOCHIMINH CITY
AND LIÈGE UNIVERSITY

LE MINH THANH

EXAMINATION OF THE EFFECTS OF
WASTEWATER TREATMENT METHODS ON
EFFLUENT PARAMETERS IN BIEN HOA
I INDUSTRIAL ZONE

Major: EXECUTIVE MASTER IN SCIENCES AND MANAGEMENT OF
THE ENVIRONMENT

MASTER’S THESIS

HOCHIMINH CITY, 2018


The project was completed at The Industrial University of Hochiminh City
Supervisor‟s name: Prof.Sc.D.Le Huy Ba ....................................................................

The thesis was taken at The Industrial University of Hochiminh City date . . . . .
month 04 year 2018
Committee members (name):
1. ......................................................................... - Committee Chair
2. ......................................................................... - Commissioner
3. ......................................................................... - Secretary

COMMITTEE CHAIR

DEAN OF INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL
SCIENCE, ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT


ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I would like to express my gratitude to Prof.Dr.Sc Le Huy Ba, Lecturer of the
Faculty of Environment - Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City, has guided
and helped students during the process of creating a scientific research platform.
The students would like to thank all the teachers working at the Institute of
Environmental Science, Engineering and Management - Industrial University of Ho
Chi Minh City. During the study and research period at the school, teachers are
dedicated to teaching and transmiting valuable specialized knowledge to help
students complete the training progamme and master thesis.
We sincerely thank all of the staff, Bien Hoa 1 Industrial Park management agency
for their support and assistance in helping them to survey and collect data. Students
express our gratitude to parents, brothers in the family, have encouraged, helped
students complete thesis; Thank you for your cooperation, IMES4 classmates who
have helped and accompanied me during our thesis.
I pledge the results achieved in my essay "Examination of the effects of wastewater
treatment methods on effluent parameters in Bien Hoa I industrial zone" is the
research by myself. In the whole content of the thesis, things are presented either by
myself or are aggregated from many sources. The quoted data are clearly and
reliably quoted, and the results presented in the dissertation are true.
AUTHOR

LE MINH THANH

1

ABSTRACT
In recent decades, Vietnam's economy has developed in line with the trend of
industrialization and modernization of the country. The industry is prioritized for
investment and development in a fast and strong way. In order to take advantage of
natural resources and favorable climatic and geographical conditions, the industrial
zones in the river basins are massively established and put into operation. The
expansion and development of industrial zones has brought many economic benefits
to the society and created jobs for a large number of workers.
However, apart from the advantages of the IZs, there are disadvantages such as
immigration issues, social security issues, environmental pollution in industrial
zones and environmental pollution in the Dong Nai river system basin. The subject
"Examination of the effects of wastewater treatment methods in Bien Hoa I
industrial zone" aims to contribute to pollution control and environmental
management of the Dong Nai river basin due to the activities of Bien Hoa I Idustrial
Park.
The dissertation includes the contents of the assessment of wastewater environment,
calculating the load and proposing measures to control the pollution of the IZ by
means of scientific research methods: method of collecting, analyzing, The results
of the chemical indicators such as pH, TSS, COD, BOD ... gave the general view of
the environment here. Compared with the data collected at the site, the analysis and
evaluation samples collected from the Department of Dong Nai province, and
Sonadezi company. The interaction between concentrations and the industry's GDP,
as a basis for predicting pollutant discharge load by 2020 and 2025. Topics
proposed management and technical solutions between managers and communities
to control environmental pollution, avoid causing consequences to the environment
in the Dong Nai river basin and surrounding.
Keywords: Industrial park, Bien Hoa I, Dong Nai river, industrial activities,
wastewater analysis criteria.
2

TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF TABLES ...................................................................................................... 6
LIST OF FIGUES ....................................................................................................... 7
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ..................................................................................... 8
INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................... 9
1. The reason for choosing the topic ....................................................................... 9
2. Objectives of the study ..................................................................................... 10
3. Object and scope of the study ........................................................................... 10
3.1 Object .............................................................................................................. 10
3.2 Scope ............................................................................................................... 10
5. The meaning of the topic .................................................................................. 10
5.1 Scientific meaning .......................................................................................... 10
5.2 Practical meaning ............................................................................................ 11
CHAPTER 1

OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH ...................................................... 12

1.1 Water pollution ............................................................................................... 12
1.1.1 Causes of water pollution ........................................................................ 14
1.1.2 Sources of water pollution ....................................................................... 15
1.1.3 Effects of water pollutant ........................................................................ 15
1.2 Overview of Status of industrial environment managementin the world and
VietNam ................................................................................................................ 16
1.2.1 On the world ............................................................................................ 16
1.2.2 In Viet Nam ............................................................................................. 19
1.3 Overview of the geographical area around Bien Hoa Industrial Zone ........... 22
3

1.3.1 Natural conditions in Dong Nai province ............................................... 22
1.3.2 Socio-economic impact on the environment ........................................... 23
1.3.4 Overview of Bien Hoa I Industrial Zone ................................................. 28
1.3.5 History of establishment and development of IPs ................................... 30
1.3.6 Industries, enterprises in the industrial zone ........................................... 32
CHAPTER 2

CONTENT AND METHODOLOGY ........................................... 33

2.1 Content ............................................................................................................ 33
2.2 Methodology ................................................................................................... 33
2.2.1 Approach ................................................................................................. 33
2.2.2 Method of inheritance, collection of information, data ........................... 33
2.2.3 Method of investigation, field survey...................................................... 34
2.2.4 Method of data processing, statistics, evaluation .................................... 34
2.2.5 Sample collection and analysis of wastewater ........................................ 34
2.2.6 Method of calculating maximum pollutant load of pollutant in industrial
effluents (Circular No. 02/2009 / TT-BTNMT dated March 19, 2009 of the
Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment) ........................................... 39
CHAPTER 3

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION .................................................... 44

3.1 Status of waste water in Bien Hoa 1 Industrial Park from 2011-2015 ........... 44
3.1.1 Quantity of wastewater ............................................................................ 44
3.1.2 Quality of Facilities connected wastewater to The WasteWater
Treatment Plant in Bien Hoa Industrial Zone II ............................................... 49
3.1.3 Analysis of effluent norms of some factories that have been issued
wastewater permits in industrial zones ............................................................. 51

4


3.1.4 Analysis of wastewater effluent criteria for some establishments waiting
for discharge permit .......................................................................................... 52
3.2 Status of waste water in Bien Hoa IP in 2016 ................................................ 53
3.3 Forecast of pollutant discharge load from Bien Hoa I Industrial Zone I to
Dong Nai River in 2020-2025 .............................................................................. 58
3.4 Proposing overall solutions to control, minimize pollution and improve
surface water quality in Bien Hoa Industrial Zone I ............................................ 63
3.4.1 Oriented a number of overall solutions ................................................... 63
3.4.2 Technical solutions ................................................................................. 64
3.4.3 Management solutions ............................................................................ 65
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION ........................................................ 68
REFERENCES .......................................................................................................... 70
APPENDIX ............................................................................................................... 73

5


LIST OF TABLES
Table 1.1 Classification of water pollutants..............................................................13
Table 2.1 List of other participants ...........................................................................35
Table 2.2 Parameters and methods of analysis of waste water samples ...................36
Table 2.3 Location of wastewater sampling in Bien Hoa Industrial Zone 1 ............37
Table 3.1 List of occupation distribution in Bien Hoa IP 1 ......................................44
Table 3.2 Wastewater flow of Bien Hoa Industrial Park I, II ...................................45
Table 3.3 Quantity of wastewater generated by some enterprises in Bien Hoa I….47
Table 3.4 Indicators of wastewater output at Bien Hoa II Wastewater Treatment

Plant ...........................................................................................................................50
Table 3.5 Meteorological meteorological data of Dong Nai river flowing through
Bien Hoa IP 1 ............................................................................................................58
Table 3.6 Maximum discharge for pollutants that Dong Nai River can receive ......59
Table 3.7 Pollution load is available in Dong Nai River ..........................................60
Table 3.8 The pollutant load is generated from Bien Hoa 1 Industrial Zone
discharged into the Dong Nai River system ..............................................................61
Table 3.9 Current industrial pollution load in Bien Hoa I and prediction to 2025 ...62
Table 3.10 Receive capacity of Dong Nai River for wastewater from Bien Hoa IP 1
in 2016 .......................................................................................................................62
Table 3.11 Current industrial pollution load in Bien Hoa I and prediction to 2020,
2025 ...........................................................................................................................63

6


LIST OF FIGUES
Figure 1.1 Map of Dong Nai province ......................................................................22
Figure 1.2 The network of major rivers in the Dong Nai river basin .......................23
Figure 1.3 Comparative chart of industrial production value ...................................25
Figure 1.4 Distribution of industry groups in the industry structure ........................26
Figure 3.1 Chart showing the indicator of wastewater indicator against standard ...56

7


LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
WTS

Wastewater treatment system

IZ

Industrial zone

8


INTRODUCTION
1. The reason for choosing the topic
The river basin is the geographic area in which all water sources (surface water,
groundwater, rainfall, etc…) flow naturally to rivers or streams, which are limited
by dividing lines. Therefore, the river basin is an important part, directly affecting
surface water. The river basin acts as a gateway to the waterways, so that objects
from the basin as well as neighboring areas can flow into the river. That is why the
watershed can have a detrimental effect on the ecosystem, just like human activities
such as industrial waste and residential waste.
A particular, Bien Hoa 1 Industrial Zone is located in the Dong Nai river basin. This
is one of the industrial parks formed very early in 1963, with a total area of about
335 hectares. The location of the industrial zone is adjacent to the Cai River, a
branch of the Dong Nai River. If pollution control of Bien Hoa 1 Industrial Zone is
not sufficient, this will directly affect the quality of the environment and the
ecosystem area in Dong Nai river basin.
Bien Hoa I Industrial Park is adjacent to An Binh Residential Area, Bien Hoa I
Industrial Zone which has a great influence on socio-economic development in the
locality. The combination of risks from residential areas and industrial zones makes
the environmental quality of this area is likely to decline dramatically. In addition,
because of this industrial park has been formed for a long time, so far production
technology has been downgraded and backward is one of the risks are alarming.
Although the infrastructure has been upgraded several times for this project. There

have been years, this area has been a source of alarm for the environmental water
pollution that is at risk from industrial activity
Some experts said that to solve pollution in the Dong Nai river basin, especially in
the Cai river basin, the pollutants must be monitored more tightly. Therefore, it is
9


necessary to have timely research, not to continue the untreated wastewater
discharge, directly into the environment as existing in some areas, need to take
measures to check and handle Industrial zone polluting water sources.
The research on "Examination of the effects of wastewater treatment methods in
Bien Hoa I industrial zone" is needed to support pollution control and
environmental quality management at Dong Nai river basin, due to activities of
Bien Hoa I industrial park.
2. Objectives of the study
Assessment of waste water status in Bien Hoa I Industrial Zone through monitoring
indicators.
Forecast trend of pollutant load in waste water in Bien Hoa Industrial Zone I
Proposing solutions to control and minimize pollution of wastewater treatment in
Bien Hoa Industrial Zone I
3. Object and scope of the study
3.1 Object
Wastewater norms of Bien Hoa I Industrial Zone.
Load of industrial waste discharge
3.2 Scope
Bien Hoa I Industrial Zone
4. The methodology
Collect information, data
Comparison with standard and status
Statistics, calculate the load parameters

5. The meaning of the topic
5.1 Scientific meaning
10


The results of the study show the ecological environment of the river basin,
supplementing the literature at home and abroad for other studies. Data citation as
well as references help preserve statistics for reference works on river ecosystem
ecology, as well as topics related to forecasting load trends contamination at the
industrial park.
5.2 Practical meaning
Research can be applied to support the management of Bien Hoa I Industrial Park as
well as other industrial parks that are old or relocated. Contribute to the scientific
basis and practicality of the planning plans in the case of Bien Hoa Industrial Zone I
must switch functions

11


CHAPTER 1

OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH

1.1 Water pollution
The term water pollution has been used differently in various Indian Acts. Some
described it as “nuisance”, while others as negligence. “Fouling” of water was also
the way of describing as “poisoning” of water. Some acts described as rendering
water less “fit” or “not fit” for consumption by human beings and animals.
Interference with or alteration in flow of water to carry away rubbish or causing
water to be corrupted in any waterway so as to endanger, damage or render it less

useful, was another mode of explaining the term water pollution. Before the
enactment of the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, almost all
the statutes, stressed upon the mode of causing pollution rather than explaining
pollution„ itself. In a simple sense, water pollution is adding of any substance to
water or the changing of water„s physical and chemical characteristics in any
way which interferes with its use for legitimate purposes. Water is colourless and
transparent substance. The polluted water means such water which contains foreign
substances in it, which alters physical, chemical or biological properties of water
rendering it unfit for use [14].
According to the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, water
pollution means such contamination of water or such alteration of the physical,
chemical or biological properties of water or such discharge of any sewage or trade
effluent or of any other liquid, gaseous or solid substance into water (whether
directly or indirectly) as may or is likely to, create a nuisance or render such water
harmful or injurious to public health or safety or to domestic, commercial,
industrial, agricultural or other legitimate uses, or the life and health of animals or
plants or of aquatic organisms [24].
The total amount of water on the earth is about 1.35 billion cubic kilometres
(3.5x1020 gallons). Over 97 percent of this quantity is in the oceans as salt water.
12


The earth„s fresh water amounts to only 37 million cubic kilometres of which 80
percent occurs in polar ice caps and glaciers. The water we use comes from 50
cubic kilometres per day run off in the rivers, streams and lakes and 70 cubic
kilometres per day flow through underground reservoirs. This supply has been
constant over tens of thousands of years. Only the demand has shown a steep
increase over the last century. Due to this increase, in India the average annual
availability of water per capita has declined from 5236 cubic meters in 1951 to only
2227 cubic meters in 1991. As per estimates, this will further decline to only 1555

cubic meters by the year 2013. The population of India, which is now more than one
billion, is expected to reach a figure between 1.5 billion and 1.8 billion in the year
2050. There shall then be a requirement of 2788 billion cubic metres of water
annually in India to be above water stress zone and 1650 billion cubic metres to
avoid being water scarce country [13].
There are hundreds, perhaps thousands of pollutants whose effects are of actual and
potential concern. Their numbers increase annually as new compounds and
formulations are synthesized [18].
Several attempts have been made to group water pollutants into classes or
categories. Pollutants have been classified according to their mode of occurrence
into physical, chemical and biological pollutants [22].
Table 1.1 Classification of water pollutants [22]
Occurrence

Physical

Nature

Temperature
Turbidity

Examples

Waste neat from industry.

13


Colour

Suspended

Dyes and pigments

and Silt, sand, metal pieces, rubber, wood chpis,

floating matter

Inorganic

paper, foam, scum, carcasses, sewage.
Nitrites, phosphates, chlorides, fluorides, salts
etc.

Chemical
Organic

Detergents, tar, plastic, pesticides.

Pathogenic

Bacteria, virus, nematodes, worms, protozoans.

Biological
Nuisance
organisms

Slime, mollusc, algae, Ascellus, nematodes.

1.1.1 Causes of water pollution

Rapid industrialization is a major cause of water pollution. Immediately after the
independence of Vietnam, major steps were taken in our country in its stride for
development in order to give its economy a big push. Industrialization was then
considered the most important factor that can put the country in the path of
progress. But to our utter surprise industrialization along with development brought
with it a danger to the human civilization- the problem of environmental pollution.
Alongside with industrialization, population dynamics changed with a steep
increase in density population and the intense development of big cities which gave
14


rise to increased domestic pollution and also increased agricultural pollution as food
production had to match the raising needs of the population.
1.1.2 Sources of water pollution
The sources of water pollution are innumerable. Major sources can be found in
practically every variety of industrial, municipal and agricultural operations
Industrial waste or trade effluent includes any liquid or solid substance, which is
discharged from any premises used for carrying on any industry, operation or
process or treatment and disposal system other than the domestic sewage. It is a
common practice that a large number of industries, which are located on the banks
of rivers, discharge their effluent into the river and thus pollute the river water.
Industrial effluents contain, inter alia, mercury, lead, cadmium and copper etc.,
which are harmful to the aquatic animals.
1.1.3 Effects of water pollutant
Justice

V.R.

Krishna

Iyer

once

remarked

that,

―the

unconscionable

industrialisation, the unpardonable deforestation and the inhuman extermination of
living species betray an exploitative brutality and anti-social appetite for profit and
pleasure which is incompatible with humanism and conservationism. Today a bath
in Yamuna and Ganga is a sin against bodily health, not a salvation for the soul, so
polluted and noxious are these holy waters now [29].
When our population was limited, water supplies seemed endlessly renewable. We
could then afford to foul one water source, abandon it, and move on to another.
This, however, is no longer possible since the exponential growth rates of human
population have already reduced the availability of water to below its per capita
availability. Consequently, any further expansion of human activity will depend not
only on how well we are able to prevent the loss and contamination of the available
water resources, but also how sustainably we use what we have. Polluted water also

15


poses a serious health hazard to communities living nearby, and which depend on
that source for most of their activities.

Water pollution can cause both immediate and long-term health effects. Acute
effects occur within hours or days of the time that a person consumes a contaminant
[30]. People can suffer acute health effects from almost any contaminant if these are
exposed to extraordinarily high levels. In drinking water, microbes such as bacteria
and viruses are the contaminants with greatest chance of reaching levels high
enough to cause acute health effects [27].
Besides the potential hazard contamination of surface waters can pose to human
health, a more direct and significatnt problem is the hazard they pose to aquatic
ecosystems, including the risks to the ecosystemic services these ecosystems play
for human societies (like e.g. providing food through fisheries, recreational services,
providing irrigation water for agriculture,…)
We can thus say that pollution of water is a very serious issue and has grave
implications for the human beings. In fact, the very survival of human beings is
dependent on availability of pollution free water with the passage of time, there has
been a huge growth in the population levels and the same has led to
industrialization, urbanisation etc. thereby putting immense pressure on the
available natural resources. The increasing population has also results in demand for
more food grains, which in turn has resulted in extensive use of fertilizers and
pesticides. This excessive use of pesticides, once a passage of time, along with
industrialisation and urbanisation has led to increase in water pollution level. We
have to act and control this menace before it is too late.
1.2 Overview of Status of industrial environment managementin the world and
VietNam
1.2.1 On the world
"Sustainable Development" was the goal of all mankind in the 21st century as the
Global Environment Conference held in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) in June 1992 with
16


the participation of more than 170 heads of state. In order to achieve the above

objectives, many countries have to apply various integrated measures, including
management, technology, economy, education and training, and environmental
awareness in order to limit the harmful effects caused by socio-economic activities
of people in general and of production and business in particular.
The problem of environmental pollution in manufacturing facilities is addressed and
resolved in most developed countries (USA, Japan, Canada, UK, Singapore,
Taiwan, Korea...) and some countries are developing (Thailand, India, Malaysia...).
Many technological measures have been applied to reduce pollution such as:
-

Cleaner production solutions

-

Waste water treatment technology: mechanical, chemical, chemical,
biochemical and biological methods.

-

Waste gas treatment technology: dry methods (settling chamber, cyclone,
sleeve filter, electrostatic filter, etc.), wet methods (absorption, oxidation
reduction ...).

-

Solid waste treatment technology: burying, cleaning, chemical, biological,
reuse ...

In addition to technological measures, many integrated solutions are also applied to
reduce pollution at production facilities such as:

-

Use economic tools.

-

Use of coercive measures.

-

Use educational measures, raise environmental awareness.

-

Use appropriate planning measures.

Use administrative measures (eg closure) or relocation of polluting facilities
17


Under the "Industrial Pollution Reduction Program" implemented by the New
Jersey Environmental Protection Agency in 2002, steps to reduce environmental
pollution in industrial facilities include:
-

Understand pollution prevention

-

Establish a pollution prevention policy.

-

Establish a pollution prevention team.

-

Identify processes and sources of pollution

-

Audit production process

-

Find and analyze options for environmental pollution prevention

-

Develop a plan to reduce environmental pollution

-

Establish goals

-

Action Plan Summary

-

Monitoring and reporting progress

-

Update data regularly

The World Health Organization (WHO) Water Pollution Control (1997) report
shows that the principles that need to be taken to reduce water pollution from
industrial activities include:
-

Prevent waste from the production process

-

Dispose of waste before discharging into the receiving water or discharging
into the wastewater treatment system of the area to minimize the costs
incurred.

18


The World Bank's industrial pollution mitigation project was implemented in India
between 1994 and 2002 with the aim of supporting the implementation of the
Government's policy on pollution prevention and promoting cost-effectiveness.
Waste matters from industrial sources. The project will focus on the most polluting
industries, and consists of three components: (a) policy institutions; (b) investment
capital; and (c) technical assistance. Institutional and policy components are
designed to support the enhanced water pollution control program. The investment

component is designed to assist small business projects to prevent environmental
pollution, with a focus on minimizing waste and applying cleaner production
methods. The technical support components are designed to support: (i)the
establishment of a clean technology organization network; (ii)expanded services to
identify waste minimization and disposal methods for small-scale industries; (iii)
pre-investment research; and (iv)provide financing for training and consulting
services, including training requirements for the preparation of industry
environmental reports.
1.2.2 In Viet Nam
In Vietnam there have been many studies on environmental protection in the
Industrial Park, some case studies:
Lam Minh Triet et al. (1999) developed a draft regulation on environmental
protection in the Industrial Park on the basis of evaluating the current state of
development, current status and environmental changes in industrial zones,
environmental protection measures of industrial parks, environmental protection
measures of factories in industrial parks in Vietnam. Based on the research results
of the project, state management agencies have issued circulars on environmental
protection for industrial zones.
The topic of "Research on building a unified environmental management system in
the Industrial Park" by the Center for Environmental Technology and Management
(2004) has proposed models of environmental management systems for The
19


industrial parks in Vietnam include the Eco-Industrial Zone and the Industrial Park.
In addition, the project also proposed a model of environmental management
system of the Industrial Park in the direction of waste treatment at 2 levels: (1)
factory and (2) industrial zone. Support for environmental management The
Industrial Park has the tools: analysis; act; and information.
Le Thi Hong Tran et al. (2010) carried out initial research on ecological and health

risk assessment for industrial parks in Ho Chi Minh City. The study focused on the
ecological risk assessment of industrial wastewater and health hazards from air
pollution to workers limited in Vinh Loc Industrial Park and Tan Thoi Hiep
Industrial Park. Quantitative risk assessment (risk quotient) and HQ (hazard
quotient) methods are used in ecological risk assessment and health. In addition, the
risk matrix is also used in ecological risk assessment for industrial wastewater with
surface water. The risk assessment results indicate which areas are high, medium
and low risk of industrial wastewater for the environment and compare the risks in
industrial zones with and without water treatment system. concentrated waste.
The National Environment Report 2009 shows that the development of IZs in
Vietnam is facing significant challenges in terms of environmental pollution caused
by waste, sewage and industrial emissions. These challenges, if not dealt with well,
could cause environmental disasters and climate change that seriously affect the
lives and health of people now and in the future, destroying achievements. industry
in particular and economic development and social progress in general in Vietnam
in recent years. Nai river basin and Nhue-Day river has been implemented in order
to minimize environmental pollution and promote industrial development towards
sustainable development in Vietnam. Strengthen institutional and technical capacity
and mobilize active and active participation of communities in monitoring and
enforcing the law on environmental protection, especially in the industrial park
environment. Dong Nai and Nhue - Day rivers

20


In summary, many measures have been taken to protect the environment of the
Industrial Park: to build models of eco-industrial parks and environmentally
friendly industrial parks; Waste treatment technologies (waste water, waste gas,
waste); waste audit; cleaner production; Promulgating regulations, regulations and
circulars on environmental protection in industrial parks; Apply economic tools in

the management of waste sources; .... In general, to reduce environmental pollution
in industrial parks, a combination of various measures, including both civil and nonstructural solutions, is required.

21


1.3 Overview of the geographical area around Bien Hoa Industrial Zone
1.3.1 Natural conditions in Dong Nai province

Figure 1.1 Map of Dong Nai province [8]
Dong Nai is a province in the Southeast, with 11 subordinate administrative units,
total natural area of the province is 5897.75 km2. The topography of Dong Nai
Province consists of plain terrain, rolling hills and low mountain terrain.

22


The river system of Dong Nai is rather thick. The main river network in the Dong
Nai river basin includes La Nga River, Be River, Sai Gon River and Vam Co River.

Figure 1.2 The network of major rivers in the Dong Nai river basin [8]
Dong Nai River is influenced by the semi-diurnal regime up to two times, so
salinity intrusion, especially the Thi Vai River, has a salinity of up to 28.4 ‰.
1.3.2 Socio-economic impact on the environment
1.3.2.1 Economic
In the period 2011-2015, the gross domestic product (GRDP) in the province has
increased by 12%/year on average, of which industry and construction have
increased by 12.2%; services by 14.4%; agriculture, forestry and fishery 3.5% on a
yearly average [1]. Dong Nai's economy has shifted from being based mainly on
agriculture and a few industries to a multi-sector economy with a key structure of

industry and construction and service.
The rapid and intense development of the industry lead to the problem of
environmental pollution, especially the problem of untreated industrial wastewater
23