Gerund and Inf 3

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Gerunds

and

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Gerunds

1. Como

sujeito

da oraỗóo:

Running

is a great sport.

is a great sport.

2. Após certos verbos:

She

enjoys

enjoys

meeting

meeting

people.

people.

She

misses

going

to parties.

Would you

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3. Apús preposiỗừes:

Theyre interested

They’re interested

in

dancing

.

Why do you insist

on

telling

the same old

story?

He left the room

without

saying

a word.

They are good

at

fighting

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4. Após o verbo

go

go

– com atividades

– com atividades

recreativas:

Does he always

go

surfing

in the summer?

They

go

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5. Após certas expressões idiomáticas:

The test has started.

It’s no use

asking

your doubts now.

There was no point in

waiting

, so we left.

Do you think

it’s worth

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6. Em proibiỗừes curtas:

Dont smoke here. =

No

smoking

here.

Don’t drink and drive. =

No

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7. Usamos o

gerund

após o

‘S

e

adjetivo possessivo

(formal),

pronome oblíquo

(informal)

Kátia insisted on

Marcelo’s

playing

with

us.

Kátia insisted on

his

playing

with us.

Kátia insisted on

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8. Após

números ordinais

&

para indicar

finalidade

:

He was

the first

runner

to arrive

.

I came to school

to learn

.

She works

in order

to be able to travel a lot.

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9. Usamos o simple infinitive / bare infinitive

(infinitivo sem o TO) após os verbos

let

,

make

e

e

have

have

.

.

She is

making

him

retype

the report.

The teacher

let

me

leave

earlier.

My mother

had

me

do

the dishes.

Obs.: O verbo

HELP

pode ser seguido de

infinitivo

com ou sem o TO

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10. Alguns verbos podem ser

seguidos

de gerund ou infinitive

,

sem

alteraỗóo de sentido

.

.

Mother Teresa

started

to live

/

living

in the

slums of Calcutta from 1948.

Though she faced many problems, Mother

Teresa

continued

to work

/

working

for

the poor.

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11. Alguns verbos podem ser

seguidos de

seguidos de

gerund ou infinitive

, PORÉM,

com diferenỗa

de sentido

.

She

stopped

smoking

. = (Ela não fuma mais.)

She

stopped

to smoke

. = (Ela parou de fazer

algo para fumar.)

He

remembered

to turn off

the TV. = (Ele se

lembrou de desligar a TV.)

He

remembered

turning off

the TV. =

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Summary table for

to-infinitive and gerund

To infinitive

1. Use as subject

Eg:

Eg: To smokeTo smoke is bad for you is bad for you
2.

To say

why

we do things

(purpose)

Eg: I got up early

Eg: I got up early to catchto catch the the
7am train.

7am train.

3. After some verbs

(eg: expect, (eg: expect,
afford, want, need, prepare, refuse, choose,
afford, want, need, prepare, refuse, choose,
fail, learn, promise, hesitate...etc)

fail, learn, promise, hesitate...etc)

Eg: I

Eg: I expect toexpect to pass the exams. pass the exams.

Gerund (-ing forms)

1. Use as subject

(more common)(more common)

Eg:

Eg: SmokingSmoking is bad for you. is bad for you.

2. After prepositions

(on, in, (on, in,
before, for, without, after…etc.)

before, for, without, after…etc.)

Eg: You can’t live

Eg: You can’t live without eatingwithout eating
Eg: Thank you

Eg: Thank you for listeningfor listening..

3. After some verbs

(eg: dislike, (eg: dislike,
enjoy, practise, mind, avoid, consider,

enjoy, practise, mind, avoid, consider,
discuss, finish, keep, miss, suggest, keep,
discuss, finish, keep, miss, suggest, keep,
can’t help…etc)

can’t help…etc)

Eg: I’ll

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4. After some adjectives

and nouns

.(.(adjadj=easy, happy, =easy, happy,
glad, nice, excited, ready, difficult,

glad, nice, excited, ready, difficult,

dangerous ...etc;

dangerous ...etc; noun noun = = workwork, , moneymoney
to spend,

to spend, somethingsomething to drink, different to drink, different
ways

ways to protect her.…etc) to protect her.…etc)

Eg: She is

Eg: She is readyready to to leave. leave.
(adj)

(adj)

Eg: I am

Eg: I am gladglad to to see you. see you.
(adj)

(adj)

Eg: I’ve got

Eg: I’ve got workwork to to do. do.

(n)

5. Some verbs can be

followed by either

gerund or to-infinitive

Eg: I

Eg: I love goinglove going to school/ to school/

I I love to golove to go to school to school

4. After phrasal verbs

Eg: I am not

Eg: I am not good at good at
dancing

dancing..
Eg: I am not

Eg: I am not interested ininterested in
singing

singing..
Eg: John will

Eg: John will give upgive up
smoking

smoking..

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6. Used in

6. Used in general sensegeneral sense
(eg: love, like, hate,

(eg: love, like, hate,

prefer..etc)

Eg: I like swimming.

* Some words can use

both to-infinitive and

gerund with the same

meaning.

meaning. (eg: love, like, (eg: love, like,

begin, start, intend, continue..etc)

* Some words can use both

to-infinitive and gerund

with different meaning.

(Eg: remember, try..etc)

6. Used in

6. Used in particular situationsparticular situations
Eg: I don’t like swimming

Eg: I don’t like swimming on on 
cold days.

cold days.

7. No + gerund

Eg: No money, no talking.

8. Stop + gerund.

Eg: Stop talking, stop

writing, stop walking…

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Exercises

/> />

1.

1. There's absolutely no point in ________ it now. It's far too There's absolutely no point in ________ it now. It's far too
late. (to do)

late. (to do)

DOINGDOING

2.

2. Betty refused ________ something more formal. (to wear)Betty refused ________ something more formal. (to wear)

TO WEARTO WEAR

3.

3. Did you remember ___________ all the lights? (to turn Did you remember ___________ all the lights? (to turn
off)

off)

TO TURN OFFTO TURN OFF

4.

4. Do you mind __________ the cat while we're away? (to Do you mind __________ the cat while we're away? (to
look after)

look after)

LOOKING AFTERLOOKING AFTER

5.

5. She's not used to __________ on Saturdays. (to work)She's not used to __________ on Saturdays. (to work)

WORKINGWORKING

6.

6. Blast! I forgot _________ the milk. (to buy)Blast! I forgot _________ the milk. (to buy)

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7.

7. They offered ___________ me to the airport.(to take)They offered ___________ me to the airport.(to take)

TO TAKETO TAKE

8.

8. Old cars cost a bomb to maintain. It's worth __________ Old cars cost a bomb to maintain. It's worth __________
a new one.(to buy)

a new one.(to buy)

BUYINGBUYING

9.

9. We prefer ___________ on Friday nights.(to stay in) We prefer ___________ on Friday nights.(to stay in)

TO STAY / STAYING INTO STAY / STAYING IN

10.

10. We used to ________ football every Friday after school. We used to ________ football every Friday after school.
(to play)

(to play)

PLAYPLAY

11.

11. I must avoid ________ there for a while. (to go)I must avoid ________ there for a while. (to go)

GOINGGOING

12.

12. She likes _________ to the theatre. (to go)She likes _________ to the theatre. (to go)

GOING/TO GOGOING/TO GO

13.

13. Before ________ the house, I always double check Before ________ the house, I always double check
everything. (to leave)

everything. (to leave)

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14.

14. After ________ an exam, I normally go a bit crazy.(to After ________ an exam, I normally go a bit crazy.(to
take)

take)

TAKINGTAKING

15.

15. I can't stand ________ all week-end. (to stay in)I can't stand ________ all week-end. (to stay in)

STAYING INSTAYING IN

16.

16. Look! I'm pretending ________ a dog. Woof! (to be)Look! I'm pretending ________ a dog. Woof! (to be)

TO BETO BE

17.

17. Would you like ___________ tonight? (to go out)Would you like ___________ tonight? (to go out)

TO GO OUTTO GO OUT

18.

18. Nobody wanted me __________ the guitar. (to play) Nobody wanted me __________ the guitar. (to play)

TO PLAYTO PLAY

19.

19. It started __________ .(to snow)It started __________ .(to snow)

TO SNOW/ SNOWINGTO SNOW/ SNOWING

20.

20. What time have we arranged _________ ? (to meet)What time have we arranged _________ ? (to meet)

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CONGRATULATIONS!!!

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Gerund and Inf 3

<b>Gerunds</b>

<b>Gerunds</b>

<b>and</b>

<b>and</b>

<b>Gerunds</b>

<b>Gerunds</b>

1. Como

1. Como

sujeito

sujeito

da oraỗóo:

da oraỗóo:

Running

Running

is a great sport.

<sub> is a great sport.</sub>

2. Após certos verbos:

2. Após certos verbos:

She

She

enjoys

<sub>enjoys</sub>

meeting

<sub>meeting</sub>

people.

<sub> people.</sub>

She

She

misses

misses

going

going

to parties.

to parties.

Would you

3. Apús preposiỗừes:

3. Apús preposiỗừes:

Theyre interested

They’re interested

in

in

dancing

dancing

.

.

Why do you insist

Why do you insist

on

on

telling

telling

the same old

the same old

story?

story?

He left the room

He left the room

without

without

saying

saying

a word.

a word.

They are good

They are good

at

at

fighting

4. Após o verbo

4. Após o verbo

go

<sub>go</sub>

– com atividades

<sub> – com atividades </sub>

recreativas:

recreativas:

Does he always

Does he always

go