Tài liệu Chuyên đề luyện thi tiếng Anh docx

Chuyên đ Luyn thi Tt nghip THPT và Luyn thi i hc, Cao đng 2009
CHUYÊN  LUYN THI TT NGHIP THPT
VÀ LUYN THI I HC, CAO NG 2009
Môn:
TING ANH
Chuyên đ:
PHÂN LOI GII T VÀ MT S
GII T THNG DÙNG
I. MC ÍCH CHUYÊN 
– Có th nói vic dùng các gii t không phi d, vì mi nc có cách dùng gii t đc
bit; vy ta phi rt chú ý đn nó ngay t lúc mi hc môn ngoi ng đó nói chung và
ting Anh nói riêng. Trong ting Anh, ngi ta không th đt ra các quy lut v các phép
dùng gii t mang tính c đnh cho mi gii t đó - cùng mt gii t, khi đi vi t loi
khác nhau thì to ra ngha khác nhau. Vy chúng ta nên hc thuc mi khi gp phi và
hc ngay t lúc ban đu. Chuyên đ này s cung cp cho các em nhng hiu bit c bn
v gii t và mt s gii t thông dng.
II. KIN THC C BN
1. nh ngha
– Gii t là t dùng đ ni danh t hay đi t vi t đng trc nó.
2. V trí ca gii t
Ü Gii t thng đt trc danh t hoc đi t.
Ví d: She went to school at the age of six
He usually visits me on Sundays.
Ü Gii t cng có th đng sau đng t (tr sau “but” và “except”) và đng t phi đ 
dng V-ing.
Ví d: They succeeded in escaping.
Ü Trong nhng trng hp di đây (dùng đi t quan h), gii t có th đt trc đi
t hoc đt  cui câu:
To whom were you talking to?
Who were you talking to?
The people with whom I was travelling

The people I was travelling with
Ü Gii t có th là mt t riêng l nh: at, after, before, during, until, in, on, to,by,...
Ü Gii t cng có th là mt cm t nh: in spite of, on account of, in front of, for the
sake of….
Ü Chú ý: lc b “to” và “for” trc tân ng gián tip. So sánh 2 câu di đây.
I gave the book to Tom.
I gave Tom the book.
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Chuyên đ Luyn thi Tt nghip THPT và Luyn thi i hc, Cao đng 2009
 Tân ng gián tip có th đt trc và gii t “to” b lc b.
 Chúng ta có th s dng cu trúc này vi các đng t sau: bring, give, hand,
leave, lend, offer, pay, promise, send, show, sing, take…
I showed the map to Bill = I showed Bill the map
They sent $5 to Mr Smith = They sent Mr Smith $5.
 Tng t, chúng ta cng có th lc b “for”. Cu trúc này có th đc s
dng vi các đng t sau: build, buy, cook, fetch, find, get, keep, leave, make,
order…
I’ll get a drink for you = I’ll get you a drink
I bought a book for James = I bought James a book.
3. Phân loi gii t
Ü Gii t ch thi gian: at, on, by, before, in, for, during…
Ví d:
The train starts at
6.10, so you had better be at the station by 6.00.
We arrived on
the morning of the sixth.
By
the end of July, I’ll have read all those books.
Before
signing this contract, he had to consider a lot.

Most people work from
9 to 5.
Bake it for
two hours.
Ü Gii t ch ni chn: in, on, at, above, under, below…
Ví d:
They arrived in
Spain.
You can do this sort of work at
home.
She put the letter under
her pillow.
We camped beside
a lake.
Ü Gii t ch nguyên nhân: for, from, by, on, of…
The streets are lighted by
mistakes.
Thank you very much for
your help.
He trembled from
fear.
He died of
tuberculosis many years ago.
Ü Gii t ch mc đích: for, to, at…
What do you want the paper for
?
I’ve sent a letter to
you.
Ü Gii t ch th cách: by, with, …
We can learn English by

listening to the radio.
She cut the bread with
a sharp knife.
Ü Gii t ch phng tin: by, in…
He goes to school by bus.
She goes to work in
her own car.
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Ü Gii t ch s tng quan: by, next to, on, under, below…
They live below
us.
Tom is in front of
Mary.
My house is next to
a cinema.
4. Ngha ca mt s gii t thng dùng
Ü About
– v: This is a story about elephants.
– khong: He is about ten years old.
Ü Above
– trên, cao hn: The plane flew above the clouds.
– phía trên: There is a heading above each diagram.
Ü Across
– t bên này sang bên kia (qua): We walked across the field.
– phía bên kia: There is a store across the street.
Ü After
– sau, sau khi: after ten o'clock; after lunch
– đng sau: Q comes after P in the alphabet.
– theo sau: The dog ran after the cat.

Ü Against
– chng li, làm trái: Theft is against the law.
– giáp, tip xúc, da vào: I leaned my bicycle against the wall.
Ü Along
– dc theo: We walked along the road.
Ü Among
– gia, trong s (mt nhóm ngi): The money was shared among three people.
Ü Around
– vòng quanh: We walked around the block.
– vây quanh, bao quanh: There is a fence around the garden.
– khp: I looked around the house for the keys.
– quay sang mt hng khác: We turned around and went back home.
– khong: He is around six feet tall.
Ü At
– mt đa đim c th: at 23 Chestnut Street; at the park
– mt đim thi gian: at 5 o'clock; at Christmas
– mt hoàn cnh: at peace; at war; at rest
– mt hot đng: at work; at school; at play
– hng ti, hng vào: Look at someone; wave at someone
Ü Before
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– trc khi, trc: before two o'clock; before Christmas
– đng trc: S comes before T in the alphabet.
Ü Behind
– đng sau, phía sau: The little girl hid behind her mother.
– mun: I am behind in my work.
– nguyên nhân, ngun gc: Who was behind that idea?
Ü Below
– bên di, thp hn: below freezing; below sea level

– phía di: Footnotes are provided below the text.
Ü Beside
– bên cnh: I sit beside her in class.
Ü Between
– Gia hai đim trong không gian: Toronto lies between Montreal and
Vancouver.
– Gia hai đim thi gian: between Christmas and New Year's Day
– trong mt nhóm hai ngi: The money was shared between two people.
Ü Beyond
– trên: The mountains lie beyond the horizon.
– vt quá: That was beyond my expectations.
Ü By
– gn: a house by the sea
– vt qua: He waved as he drove by the house.
– trc: Try to finish the work by next week.
– theo mt đn v nào đó: cheaper by the dozen; sold by weight
– bng, bi: travel by plane; written by him
Ü Concerning
– v, liên quan đn: He studies everything concerning trees.
Ü Despite
– mc dù: We walked downtown despite the rain.
Ü Down
– xung phía di: The ball rolled down the hill.
– cui: He lives down the street.
Ü During
– sut mt khong thi gian: She works during the day.
– mt thi đim nào đó trong mt khong thi gian: An accident occurred during
the night.
Ü For
– trong khong thi gian: We walked for two hours.

– khong cách: I walked for five kilometers.
– mc đích: I bought this jacket for you.
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– ti đâu đó: She left for New York.
– tán thành, ng h: We are for the proposal.
– so vi: The boy is clever for his age.
Ü From
– t mt ni nào đó: We left from Boston; he comes from Mexico
– bt đu t mt thi gian nào đó: from now on; from yesterday until today
– t mt lng nào đó: From 20 to 30 people were present.
– nguyên nhân: He suffers from nervousness.
– ngun (t ai đó): I first heard the story from you.
Ü In
–  mt ni nào đó: in London; in Europe
– trong mt đa đim: in the room; in the building
– vào tháng, nm: That happened in March, in 1992.
– trong mt khong thi gian nht đnh: I will return in an hour.
– bng: write in pencil; speak in English
– tình trng, điu kin: in doubt; in a hurry; in secret
– thành viên ca…: He is in the orchestra; in the navy
– mc: the boy in the blue shirt
– v, có liên quan đn: lacking in ideas; rich in oil
Ü Into
– vào bên trong We stepped into the room.
– thay đi tình trng: The boy changed into a man.
Ü Like
– ging: That looks like him.
– nh th: It looks like rain.
Ü Of

– v trí: east of here; the middle of the road
– s hu: a friend of mine; the sound of music
– mt phn ca mt nhóm: one of us; a member of the team
– đo lng: a cup of milk; two meters of snow
Ü On
– trên (chm vào nhau): on the table; on the wall
– ngày xác đnh: That happened on Sunday, on the 6th of June.
– con đng xác đnh: on South Street
– v: a book on engineering
– mt trng thái hoc tình trng: on strike; on fire; on holiday
– nh, bng: live on a pension; shown on television
Ü Out of
– ra khi: She went out of the room.
– trong s: We won two games out of three.
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