Lͣp 09CVL ±Khoa V̵
t Lý
Khóa lu̵n t͙
t nghi͏
p
ĈҤ,+Ӑ&Ĉ¬1Ҹ1*
75ѬӠ1*ĈҤ,+Ӑ&6Ѭ3+Ҥ0
.+2$9Ұ7/é
----------------
KHÏA LUҰN TӔT NGHI3,+&
NGơ1+&1+ặ197/ộ
WjL
:
1*+,ầ1 &8 1* '1* 3+1* 3+ẩ3 2
7521* ;ẩ& 1+ 5$1+ *,Ӟ,
Ө&
3+Ỉ1
%Ӝ 7+(2
&+,$
+ѬӞ1* ĈÐ1*
±TÂY &Ӫ$1ӄ1 Ĉӎ$ &+Ҩ7 7Ҥ, .+8 9
6$8 *,Ҧ1* ĈѬӠ1* + &Ӫ$ 75ѬӠ1* ĈҤ, +
3+Ө& 9Ө &+2 9,ӊ& ;Ỉ< 'Ӵ1* 1ӄ1
TRÌNH
0Ï1*
7Ҥ,.+89Ӵ&1¬<
1JѭӡLKѭӟQJGүQ
ThS. /ѭѫQJ9ăQ7Kӑ
1JѭӡLWKӵFKLӋQ
1JX\ӉQ7Kӏ&ҭP7KX
Ĉj1̽QJWK
i
ng 5/2013
*9+'7K6/˱˯QJ9ăQ7K͕
697+1JX\͍Q7K͓&̱P7KX
Trang 1
Khóa lu̵n t͙
t nghi͏
p
Lͣp 09CVL ±Khoa V̵
t Lý
/Ӡ,&Ҧ0Ѫ1
9LӋFOjPNKyDOXұQWӕWQJKLӋSQKҵPPөF
JL~SVLQKYLrQKuQK
YӅYҩQÿӅQJKLrQFӭXELӃWFiFKWәQJKӧS
WKӵF
WӃ
.
ĈӇKRjQWKjQKNKyDOXұQQj\(
m xin Ej\ WӓOzQJELӃW ѫQFK
ÿӃQ
7Kҫ\JLiR7KҥFVƭ
-/ѭѫQJ9ăQ7Kӑÿm
WұQWuQKKѭӟQJGүQHP
QJKLrQFӭXYjWKӵFKLӋQÿӅWjL
Em xin JӱLOӡL
FҧPѫQ
FKkQWKjQKÿӃQ
FiFWKҫ\F{JLiR
WURQJNKRD9ұW
WuQKGҥ\GӛHPWURQJTXiWUuQKKӑFFiFP
Em FNJQJ
[LQFKkQWKjQKFҧPѫQVӵJL~Sÿӥ
ÿӥHPWURQJTXiWUuQKOjPÿӅWjLFNJQJQK
9ӟLÿLӅXNLӋQQJ
KLrQFӭXFzQKҥQFKӃ(PÿmFӕ
ÿLӅXNLӋQÿӇKRjQWKjQKWӕWÿӅWjLFӫD
FKӃQrQWURQJTXiWUuQKOjPÿӅWjLFNJQJ
ÿѭӧF ê NLӃQ
Kҫ\
ÿyQJ
F{
JyS
YjFӫD
WRjQ
W WKӇ FiF EҥQ
WKLӋQ
(P[LQFKkQWKjQKFҧPѫQ
Ĉj1̽QJWKiQJ
6LQKYLrQWKӵF
1JX\͍Q7K͓
&̱P7KX
*9+'7K6/˱˯QJ9ăQ7K͕
697+1JX\͍Q7K͓&̱P7KX
Trang 2
Khóa lu̵n t͙
t nghi͏
p
Lͣp 09CVL ±Khoa V̵
t Lý
*9+'7K6/˱˯QJ9ăQ7K͕
697+1JX\͍Q7K͓&̱P7KX
Trang 3
Lͣp 09CVL ±Khoa V̵
t Lý
Khóa lu̵n t͙
t nghi͏
p
0Ө&/Ө&
$0ӢĈҪ8
.................................................................................................................... 7
1. /êGRFKӑQÿӅWjL
.................................................................................................... 9
2. 0өFÿtFKFӫDÿӅWjL
.............................................................................................. 11
3. ĈӕL
WѭӧQJYjSKҥPYLQJKLrQFӭX
..................................................................... 11
4. 1KLӋPYөQJKLrQFӭX
......................................................................................... 11
5. 3KѭѫQJSKiSQJKLrQFӭX
.................................................................................... 12
6. 1KӳQJÿyQJJySFӫDÿӅWjL
................................................................................. 12
7. &ҩXWU~FYjQӝLGXQJFӫDÿӅWjL
......................................................................... 12
%1Ӝ,'81*
.............................................................................................................. 14
&+ѬѪ1*,&Ѫ6ӢĈӎ$&+Ҩ7
±9Ұ7/é&Ӫ$3+ѬѪ1*3+È37
Ĉ,ӊ1
............................................................................................................................. 14
1.1 Tính FKҩWGүQÿLӋQFӫDYұWFKҩWGѭӟLPһW
.............................................. 14
7tQKFKҩWGүQÿLӋQFӫDYұWFKҩW
............................................ 14
&iF\ӃXWӕҧQKKѭӣQJÿӃQWtQKGүQ
.......... 16
7KjQKSKҫQNKRiQJYұW
................................................................................ 16
1.2.2 ĈӝUӛQJYjÿӝQӭWYӓ
...................................................................................... 16
1.2.3 ĈӝҭP
............................................................................................................... 17
1.2.4 ĈӝNKRiQJKyDFӫDQѭӟFQJҫP
..................................................................... 17
1.2.5 .LӃQWU~FErQWURQJFӫDÿҩWÿi
.................................................................... 17
1.2.6 1KLӋWÿӝYjiSVXҩW
......................................................................................... 18
CHѬѪ1*/é7+8<ӂ73+ѬѪ1*3+È30Һ7&Ҳ7
......................... 23
2.1. ĈLӋQFӵFYjWUѭӡQJFӫDÿLӋQFӵFWURQJ
.................... 23
&ѫVӣOêWKX\ӃW
............................................................................................... 23
2.1.2 ĈLӋQFӵFFҫX
................................................................................................... 24
2.1.3 ĈLӋQFӵFEiQFҫX
............................................................................................ 25
2.1.7UѭӡQJFӫDKӋÿLӋQFӵFWUrQQӳDNK
.......................... 25
+ӋVӕWKLӃWEӏ
.................................................................................................. 26
ĈLӋQWUӣVXҩWELӇXNLӃQ
.................................................................................. 30
&iFFҩXKuQKWKLӃWEӏVӱGөQJWURQ
........................................ 31
*9+'7K6/˱˯QJ9ăQ7K͕
697+1JX\͍Q7K͓&̱P7KX
Trang 4
Khóa lu̵n t͙
t nghi͏
p
Lͣp 09CVL ±Khoa V̵
t Lý
3KkQEӕFӫDÿLӋQWUѭӡQJNK{QJÿәL
theo 31
SKѭѫQJQJDQJ3KѭѫQJSKiSPһWFҳWÿLӋQ
.......................................................... 31
ĈLӋQWUѭӡQJWURQJP{LWUѭӡQJFyFi
.. 32
%jLWRiQFV
.............................................................................................. 32
LQWUVXWELXNLQNKLR
.............................................. 33
2.4 3KQJSKiSRPWFWLQ
........................................................................... 36
&+1*&8+ẻ1+7+,7%9ơ48<75ẻ
...................... 37
RKjP)UHFKHWFKRP{LWUQJQD
..................... 37
+jPQK\'
- FKLXVkXNKRViW
.......................................................... 39
QK\FDWKLWE
......................................................................................... 43
7KLWE:HQQHU
-Schlumberger ................................................................... 43
3.3 ThiӃ
t bӏÿo ÿҥc .................................................................................................. 46
3.3.1 Các thiӃ
t bӏphәbiӃ
n trong thăm dò 1D. ..................................................... 46
3.3.1.1 ĈLӋQFӵF
....................................................................................................... 46
3.3.1.2 ThiӃ
t bӏ
: ........................................................................................................ 47
3.3.2 Bҧng thiӃ
t bӏÿR
............................................................................................ 48
4X\WUuQKÿRÿҥFFӫDWKLӃWEӏ
Wenner-Schlumberger .............................. 49
&+ѬѪ1*;
Ӱ LÝ SӔ LIӊU VÀ GIҦ,Ĉ2È1.
ӂT QUҦCӪ$3+ѬѪ1*
PHÁP MҺT CҲ7Ĉ,
ӊ17+(2+Ѭ
ӞNG KHҦO SÁT. ........................................ 52
7K{QJWLQYӅNKXYӵF
........................................................................................ 52
4.3KѭѫQJ
SKiSYjYӏWUtNKXYӵFTXDQViW
........................................................ 52
4.3.Thuұn lӧLYjNKyNKăQWURQJNKLÿRÿ
ҥc thӵFÿ
ӏ
a .......................................... 53
4.4. Xӱlý sӕliӋ
u và giҧ
LÿRiQN
Ӄ
t quҧ................................................................... 53
4.4.1. Xӱlý sӕliӋ
u tuyӃ
QĈ{QJ
- Tây ..................................................................... 53
4.4.2. GiҧLÿRiQN
Ӄ
t quҧvà kiӃ
n nghӏÿӕi vӟi tuyӃ
QĈ{QJ
- Tây ......................... 55
;ӱOêVӕOLӋXWX\ӃQ
Nam ±%ҳF
....................................................................... 57
*LҧLÿRiQNӃWTXҧYjNLӃQQJKӏÿ
Nam ±%ҳF
.......................... 59
&3+Ҫ1.ӂ7/8Ұ1
............................................................................................... 61
TÀI LIӊU THAM KHҦO........................................................................................... 62
*9+'7K6/˱˯QJ9ăQ7K͕
697+1JX\͍Q7K͓&̱P7KX
Trang 5
Lͣp 09CVL ±Khoa V̵
t Lý
Khóa lu̵n t͙
t nghi͏
p
'$1+0Ө&
'$1+0Ө&&È&%Ҧ1*
%ҧQJ
3KkQORҥLYұWFKҩWWKHRFiFKGүQÿLӋ
......................................... 13
%ҧQJ
3KkQORҥLNKRiQJYұWWKHRÿLӋQWUӣV
........................................................ 13
%ҧQJ
ĈLӋQWUӣVXҩWFӫDPӝWVӕÿҩWÿiNK
............. 20
%ҧQJ
&KLӅXVkXNKҧRViWWUXQJEuQK=H
F
(Ater Adward,
1977). ............................................................................................................................. 40
%ҧQJ
%ҧQJWKLӃWEӏÿR
............................................................................................. 46
%ҧQJ
7UuQKEj\NӃWTXҧ
ÿ
oÿ
LӋQWUӣVXҩWFӫD
ÿLӇP GӳOLӋXWKHR
ѭӟQJ
Ĉ{QJ
±
K
Tây. ................................................................................................................................ 52
%ҧ
ng 4.2 7UuQKEj\
ÿ
oÿ
LӋQWUӣVXҩWFӫD
NӃWTXҧ
ÿ
LӇPGӳOLӋX
ѭӟQJ
Nam WKHR
±
%ҳF
................................................................................................................................ 55
'$1+0Ө&&È&+Ỵ1+9Ӏ
Hình 1.5 ĈLӋQWUӣVXҩWFӫDÿҩWÿiNKRiQJVҧ
. ........................................................... 19
Hình 2.1 +ӋEӕQÿLӋQFӵFEҩWNu
.................................................................................. 24
Hình 2.2 &ҩXKuQKWKLӃWEӏEӕQFӵF
............................................................................... 25
Hình 2.3 &ҩXKuQKWKLӃWEӏOѭӥQJFӵF
............................................................................ 27
Hình 2.4 &iFFҩXKuQKWKLӃWEӏVӱGөQJWURQJ
Chú êUҵQJWKLӃWEӏOѭӥQJFӵFYj
Wenner ±6FKOXPEHUJHUFyKDLW
OѭӥQJFӵF³D´YjWKӯDVӕNKRҧQJFiFKÿLӋ
WURQJPӝWVӕWUѭӡQJKӧSFNJQJFyWKӇVӱG
................... 29
Hình 2.7 7KLӃWEӏFӵ
c ±FӵF
. ......................................................................................... 31
Hình 2.8 7KLӃWEӏEDFӵF
.............................................................................................. 32
Hình 2.9 7KLӃWEӏOѭӥQJFӵFWUөF
.................................................................................. 33
Hình 3.1 7KLӃWEӏ3ROH
-3ROHYӟLÿLӋQFӵFGzQJӣÿLӇP
NKRҧQJ³D´WUrQPһWP{LWUѭӡQJ
................................................................................... 35
Hình 3.2 Ĉӗ WKӏ KjP ÿӝ QKҥ\ '
Eӏ
D
-Pole,
3ROH
KjP
chú ý là ÿӝ QK
FKLӅXVkXWUXQJ
EuQKFӫDNKҧRViWPNJLWrQÿӓ
OjJҩSOҫQFKLӅX
*9+'7K6/˱˯QJ9ăQ7K͕
697+1JX\͍Q7K͓&̱P7KX
Trang 6
Khóa lu̵n t͙
t nghi͏
p
Lͣp 09CVL ±Khoa V̵
t Lý
ÿҥL PNJL
WrQ
E
[DQK
+jP
jÿӝ
FKLӅX
QKҥ\
VkX
Y
WUXQJ
FӫD WKLӃW
EuQK
Wenner........................................................................................................................... 39
Hình 3.3 0һWFҳWÿӝQKҥ\'FKRWKLӃWEӏ:HQQ
- SchlumbHUJHU0һWFҳW
a) n=1,b) n=2, c)n=4, d) n=6. ........................................................................................ 43
Hình 3.4 6RViQK
FҩXKuQKÿLӋQFӵFYj
Eӏ:HQQHUYj:HQQHU
- Schlumberger. .......................................................................... 44
Hình 3.5 7KLӃWEӏÿLӋQFӵFGQJWURQJÿRÿҥF
............................................................. 45
Hình 3.6 7KLӃWEӏ
Wenner- Schlumberger. ................................................................... 46
Hình 3.7 4X\ WUuQK
ҥ
c cӫDÿR
SKѭѫQJ
ÿ
һ
t cҳ
SKiS
WӋ
nÿL
cho cҩ
Pu hình thiӃ
t bӏ
Wenner-Schlumberger vӟi a = 10m, n = 5. ................................................................... 47
Hình 3.8 0i\ÿRÿL
Ӌ
n, mӝt sӕÿL
Ӌ
n cӵc và cuӝn cáp sӱdө
QJWURQJÿRÿ
ҥ
c và thu thұ
p
sӕliӋ
u. ............................................................................................................................ 48
Hình 3.9 Mӝt sӕbuә
LÿRÿ
ҥ
c và thu thұ
p sӕliêu ngồi thӵFÿ
ӏ
a. ................................. 49
Hình 3.10 TuyӃ
n khҧ
RViWKѭ
ӟQJĈ{QJ
±Tây.............................................................. 49
Hình 4.1 ThiӃ
t bӏÿRÿL
Ӌ
n trӣsuҩ
Wÿ
ҩ
Wÿi
.................................................................... 50
Hình 4.2 Vӏtrí khu vӵFTXDQViWKѭ
ӟQJĈ{QJ
±Tây)................................................ 51
Hình 4.3 D
E
Ojÿѭ
ӡng cong biӇ
u diӉ
n sӵWKD\ÿ
әi ÿL
Ӌ
n trӣsuҩ
t theo vӏtrí dӑc
Kѭ
ӟQJĈ{QJ
±Tây (nhìn trong mһ
t phҷ
ng và trong khơng gian ba chiӅ
u). .................. 53
Hình 4.4: ĈӗWKӏELӇXGLӉQVӵWKD\ÿәLÿLӋQW
. ..................... 56
Hình 4.5: ĈӗWKӏELӇXGLӉQVӵWKD\ÿәLÿLӋQWU
Nam-%ҳFWURQJ
NK{QJJLDQEDFKLӅX
. ...................................................................................................... 56
DANH 0ӨC CÁC KÍ HIӊU
ȡ
P
ĈLӋQWUӣV
uҩWF
ӫa vұWF
hҩW
+ ȡappP
ĈLӋQWUӣV
uҩWELӇX
kLӃQ
ÿo ÿѭӧFWӯ
tKӵ
FQJKLӋ
m.
+İ
(F/m):
Ĉӝ
ÿLӋQW
hҭP
+ ȝ(H/m):
ĈӝWӯ
tKҭ
m.
+ Ș:
Ĉӝ
phâQFӵF
+ ıP
Ĉӝ
dүQ
ÿ
LӋQ
+Ȝ
:
+Ӌ
sӕ
bҩW
ÿ
ҷ
ng hѭӟng (hӋ
sӕW
hҩP
+ ȡnP
ĈLӋQWUӣV
uҩW
WKHRSKѭѫQJWKҷQJJyFYӟLOӟ
.
*9+'7K6/˱˯QJ9ăQ7K͕
697+1JX\͍Q7K͓&̱P7KX
Trang 7
Lͣp 09CVL ±Khoa V̵
t Lý
Khóa lu̵n t͙
t nghi͏
p
+ ȡtP
ĈLӋQWUӣV
uҩWWKHRSKѭѫQJSKkQOӟSQJDQ
+ t (o C) :
NhiӋ
t ÿӝ
.
+ȡ18:
ĈL
Ӌ
n trӣsuҩ
t ӣ18oC.
+ Į:
HӋsӕnhiӋ
t.
+ ȡwP
ĈL
Ӌ
n trӣsuҩ
t cӫa chҩ
t lӓ
ng.
+ Ɏ:
TӹlӋÿá chӭa trong chҩ
t lӓng.
+ a,m:
Tham sӕthӵc nghiӋ
m
+ J(A/m2):
Mұ
tÿ
ӝdòng ÿ
iӋ
n.
+ GradJ = NJJ:
Ĉҥ
o hàm cӫa mұ
t ÿӝdòng ÿiӋ
n theo hѭӟng cӫ
a các trө
c tӑ
a ÿӝ
.
+ :
Hm delta Dirac.
+ E(V/m):
&
ng
i
QWU
ng.
+ I(A):
Dũng phỏt.
+ U(V) :
L
n th
.
ă
U(V):
Hi
u
i
n thӃgiӳa hai cӵc thu
+GradU= NJU: Tӕc ÿӝbiӃ
n thiên cӫa ÿiӋ
n thӃtheo các trөc tӑa ÿӝ
+8U
:
Ĉҥ
o hàm cӫ
a ÿiӋ
n thӃtheo tӑa ÿӝ
+ rC1P1= C1P1(m):
Khoҧ
ng cách giӳa ÿiӋ
n cӵc dòng thӭ1 và ÿ
iӋ
n cӵc thӃthӭ1.
+ rC1C2= C1C2(m): Khoҧ
ng cách giӳa ÿiӋ
n cӵc dòng thӭ1 và thӭ2.
+ rC2P1= C2P1(m):
Khoҧ
ng cách giӳa ÿiӋ
n cӵc dòng thӭ2 và ÿ
iӋ
n cӵc thӃthӭ1.
+ rC2P2= C2P2(m):
Khoҧ
ng cách giӳa ÿiӋ
n cӵc dịng thӭ2 và ÿ
iӋ
n cӵc thӃthӭ2.
+ k:
Tham sӕhình hӑc.
+ R
ĈL
Ӌ
n trӣ.
+ F3D, F2D, F1D:
Ĉҥ
o hàm Frechet hay hàm ÿӝnhҥ
y 3D, 2D, 1D.
+ ³D
(m)´
:
Khoҧ
ng cách giӳa hai ÿiӋ
n cӵc liên tiӃ
p.
+³
L(m)´:
ChiӅ
u dài tӕi ÿa cӫa thiӃ
t bӏ
.
+³
n´
Thӯa sӕÿӝsâu cӫa thiӃ
t bӏ
.
*9+'7K6/˱˯QJ9ăQ7K͕
697+1JX\͍Q7K͓&̱P7KX
Trang 8