Nghiên cứu ứng dụng phương pháp ảnh điện 1d khảo sát sự thay đổi phân bố nước ngầm theo hướng nam bắc tại khu dân cư mới ở bờ đông gần chân cầu thuận phước

,+&ơ11*
751*,+&63+0
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: 11CVL
Khúa
: 2011-2015
Ngnh
97/ộ+&
Giỏo viờn KQJGQ7K6
/1*917+

j1QJ
5/2015


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Trang

1

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Trang

2


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Trang

3


.+Ï$/8̴17͘71*+,͎3
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Hình 1.1: 'zQJÿLӋQFKҥ\WӯQJXӗQGzQJÿLӇPYj
Hình 1.2: 6ӵSKkQEӕÿLӋQWKӃJk\UDEӣLPӝW
GzQJÿLӋQ$WURQJP{LWUѭӡQJQӱDNK{QJ
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Hình 1.4: Các mơ hình tKLӃWEӏÿѭӧFVӱGөQJWURQJWKă
VӕKuQKKӑFFӫDFK~QJ
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Hình 2.2: 'iQJÿLӋXFӫDKjP
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Hình 3.1: 7KLӃWEӏ3ROH
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Hình 3.5: +ӋPi\WKăPGzÿLӋQPӝWFKLӅX'LDSLU

Hình 3.6: +uQKҧQKYӅTX\WUuQKÿRFKRFҩXKuQ
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Hình 4.2: 9ӏWUtWX\ӃQNKҧRViWWӯFiLQKuQWә
Hình 4.3:.ӃWTXҧҧQKÿLӋQ'WҥLYӏWUt
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Trang

4


.+Ï$/8̴17͘71*+,͎3
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൅ɏ୲(ȍm)

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ĈLӋQWUӣVXҩWELӇXNLӃQÿѭӧFÿ

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(F/m)
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- /͢3&9/

Trang

5


.+ẽ$/81771*+,3
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$08
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Trang

6


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DFKҩW
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- 7UuQKEj\WәQJTXDQYӅFѫVӣ
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697+75˰ˮ1*7+͒7+$1+1+Ỉ1
- /͢3&9/

Trang

7


.+Ï$/8̴17͘71*+,͎3
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QJUDWҥLPӝWÿLӇPFNJQJQ
WUѭӡQJSKkQOӟSQJDQJÿy

- 7UuQKEj\FѫVӣOêWKX\ӃWFӫDSKѭѫQJSK
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SKkQOӟS
ngang.
- ĈiQKJLiÿӝQKҥ\FӫDKӋWKLӃWEӏ:HQQHU
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ÿӕLWѭӧQJQJKLrQFӭX
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à
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3KҥPYLQJKLrQFӭX
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±Alpha.
CKѭѫQJ
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SKѭѫQJSK
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WKD\ÿәL
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- /͢3&9/

Trang

8


.+Ï$/8̴17͘71*+,͎3
*9+'7K6/˰ˮ1*9

%1Ӝ,'81*

&+ѬѪ1*&Ѫ6Ӣ9Ұ7/é
±Ĉӎ$&+Ҩ7&Ӫ$3+ѬѪ
3+È37+Ă0'ĐĈ,ӊ1

7tQKFKҩWGүQÿLӋQFӫDYұWFKҩWGѭӟL
Hình dҥ
ng và tính chҩ
t cӫDWUѭ
ӡQJÿL
Ӌ
n tӯWURQJÿ
ҩ
t phөthuӝc vào nguӗn gây ra
WUѭ
ӡng và các tính chҩ
WÿL
Ӌ
n tӯcӫ
Dÿ
ҩ
Wÿi7tQKFK
ҩ

WÿL
Ӌ
n tӯcӫDÿ
ҩ
Wÿiÿѭ
ӧc thӇhiӋ
n

qua tham sӕ
ĈL
Ӌ
n trӣsuҩ
t
ߩÿӝÿLӋQWK
ҭ
mߝ
ǡ

ÿӝtӯthҭ
m ߤQJRjLUDWDFz
Ӄ
Qÿ
ӝ

hoҥ
Wÿ
ӝ
QJÿL
Ӌ
n hóa ߙÿ

ӝphân cӵc ߟĈӕLYӟLPӝWORҥLÿҩWÿi

WӯÿmQrXSKҧQiQKÿӏQKOѭӧQJNKiFKTXDQ
YjOӏFKVӱWҥRWKjQKÿLӅXNLӋQY
jWKӃQҵPFӫDFK~QJ«1JRjL

FNJQJSKөWKXӝFYjRWҫQVӕELӃQÿәLFӫDW
WUӣVXҩWOjWKDPVӕÿLӋQWӯTXDQWUӑQJQ

ÿLӋQWUӣVXҩWÿѭӧFÿREҵQJRK
m.m (ȳǤ
݉ሻ
FzQÿҥLOѭӧQJQJKӏFK
ଵ

ÿLӋQÿѭӧFÿREҵQJ
.
ஐǤ
௠

&K~QJWDFyWKӇSKkQORҥLPӝWVӕYұWF
chúng theo (Bҧ
ng 1.1)
Bҧng 1.1 : Phân loҥi vұ
t chҩ
t theo cách dү
QÿL
Ӌ
n cӫa chúng.
Loҥi 1 : ( DүQÿL

Ӌ
QÿL
Ӌ
n tӱ)
 Các kim loҥ
i tӵnhiên ( Pt, Au, Ag, Cu)
 Các sulfua ( bornit, galenit, covellin, pirrotin, pentlandit, acxênopirit,
FDOFRRSLULW«


 Mӝ
t vài loҥ
LR[\WPDJQHWLWFD[LWHULW«
 Graphit và các loaij than cacbon hóa cao
Loҥi 2 : ( DүQÿL
Ӌ
n ÿL
Ӌ
n phân)
 Tҩ
t cҧcác nham thҥ
ch, trҫ
m tích, biӃ
n chҩ
t và phún xuҩ
WFKѭDÿѭ
ӧc
kӇӣtrên, các loҥ
LQѭ
ӟc tӵnhiên.

'zQJÿLӋQWURQJP{LWUѭӡQJÿҩWÿiӣWҫQJ
FKtQK'үQÿLӋQÿLӋQWӱSKҫQWӱWҧLÿLӋ
WӵGRJLӕQJQKѭW
ORҥL&zQWURQJGүQÿLӋQÿLӋQSKkQSKҫQ
PһWÿҩW7URQJFiFNKҧRViWÿӏDNƭWKXұW
WK{QJGөQJQKҩWGүQÿLӋQÿLӋQWӱFKӍÿ
WUzTXDQWUӑQJNKLF
NKRiQJYұWGүQÿLӋQQKѭFiFVXOILWYjJU
697+75˰ˮ1*7+͒7+$1+1+Ỉ1
- /͢3&9/

Trang

9


.+Ï$/8̴17͘71*+,͎3
*9+'7K6/˰ˮ1*9
ĈL
Ӌ
n trӣsuҩ
t cӫDÿ
ҩ
WÿiErQGѭ
ӟi mһ
Wÿ
ҩ
t có mӕi quan hӋchһ
t chӁYjRÿ

һ
c tính và
ÿӝdү
n cӫ
a khoáng vұ
t tҥ
o nên chúng. DӵDYjRÿ
ӝlӟn cӫDÿL
Ӌ
n trӣsuҩ
t, khống vұ
t có
thӇÿѭ
ӧc phân loҥ
i theo ( Bҧ
ng 1.2)
Bҧ
ng 1.2 : Phân loҥ
i khống vұWWKHRÿL
Ӌ
n trӣsuҩt.
Khống vұ
t

ĈL
Ӌ
n trӣsuҩ
t

¾ Vàng, bҥ

ch kim, bҥ
c tӵnhiên

< 10-5ߗ݉

¾ &iFVXQIXDSLULWFDOFRRSLULWDU[HQ{
10-5 ±1 ȳ

¾ Mӝt vài loҥ
LR[\WFDQ[LWrULWEDUQLWPDUFD]
¾ Grafit v vi lo
i than
ắHờmatit, bụcxit, NLQ{YDUDQK\GULWVHOLWô
1 10 5
ắTrng th
ch, thҥ
ch anh, calxit, mica, dҫ
X«

105 ±1022ȳ

7URQJÿ
ҩ
WÿiQyLFKXQJW
ӹlӋkhống vұ
WFyÿL
Ӌ
n trӣsuҩ
t thҩ
p chӭa trong chúng

càng lӟn thì chúng dү
QÿL
Ӌ
n càng tӕt. Tuy nhiên, phҫ
n lӟQWURQJÿ
ҩ
WÿiNKRiQJ
ұ
t có
ÿL
Ӌ
n trӣsuҩ
t rҩ
WFDR'RÿyJ
ҫ
Qÿ~QJFyWK
Ӈ[HPÿ
ҩ
WÿiFyWK
Ӈÿѭ
ӧc tҥ
o nên bӣi các
khung khống vұ
t và dung dӏ
FKQѭ
ӟc tӵnhiên chӭDÿ
ҫ
y các lӛrӛng và khe trong khung
khống vұ

tҩ
\1ѭ
ӟc chӭa trong khung khống vұ
t có thӇchia làm hai loҥ
LQѭ
ӟc tӵdo
chӭa trong các lӛrӛ
ng gӑLOjQѭ
ӟc khӕ
LYjQѭ
ӟc liên kӃ
t trên mһ
t gӑ
LOjQѭ
ӟc mһ
t.
1ѭ
ӟc khӕ
i di chuyӇ
QWURQJÿ
ҩ
WÿiGѭ
ӟi tác dө
ng cӫa trӑ
ng lӵc và lӵc mao dү
n.

Phҫ
n tӱtҧ
LÿL

Ӌ
n trong chúng là các ion muӕ
i khống. Do vұ
\Oѭ
ӧQJQѭ
ӟc khӕ
LYjÿ
ӝ
khống hóa cӫ
DQy[iFÿ
ӏ
QKÿL
Ӌ
n trӣsuҩ
t cӫDÿ
ҩ
Wÿi9uFiFTXiWU
Ӌ
n hóa khác
nhau, nên bӅmһ
t các hҥ
t rҳ
n cӫ
Dÿ
ҩ
WÿiFyK
ҩ
p thөmӝt lӟSQѭ
ӟc mӓng, mһ
t trong cӫ

a
lӟSQѭ
ӟc trên mһ
WQj\FyFiFÿL
Ӌ
n tích cӫa pha rҳ
n, còn mһ
WQJRjLFyFiFL
ӧc dҩ
u
cӫ
a pha lӓ
ng. KӃ
t quҧlà mӝt lӟSÿL
Ӌ
QNpSÿѭ
ӧc tҥ
o thành. Tùy theo khҧQăQJJL
ӳion,
mà lӟSQѭ
ӟc trên mһ
Wÿѭ
ӧc gӑ
i là liên kӃ
t bӅ
n hay không bӅ
QNKLFyGzQJÿ
Ӌ
n chҥ
y qua

các ion cӫ
DQѭ
ӟc trên mһ
t bӏphân cӵc.

&iF\ӃXWӕҧQKKѭӣQJÿӃQWtQKGүQÿL
Các yӃ
u tӕҧ
QKKѭ
ӣQJÿ
Ӄ
QÿL
Ӌ
n trӣsuҩ
t cӫDÿ
ҩ
WÿiJ
ӗm: thành phҫ
n khống vұ
Wÿ
ӝ
rӛ
QJÿ
ӝnӭt nҿ
ÿ
ӝҭ
Pÿ
ӝkhống hóa cӫ
DQѭ
ӟc ngҫ

m, kiӃ
n trúc bên trong, nhiӋ
Wÿ
ӝvà
áp suҩ
t.
7KjQKSK̯QNKRiQJY̵W
Các khống vұ
WWKѭ
ӡng gһ
p là khơng dү
QÿL
Ӌ
n, vì vұ
\ÿL
Ӌ
n trӣsuҩ
t cӫ
a phҫ
n lӟn
FiFÿ
ҩ
WÿiWU
ҫ
m tích, biӃ
n chҩ
t và phun trào ít phөthuӝ
c vào thành phҫ
n khống vұ
t, mà

ÿѭ
ӧc quyӃ
Wÿ
ӏ
nh bӣi các yӃ
u tӕcịn lҥ
i.
697+75˰ˮ1*7+͒7+$1+1+Ỉ1
- /͢3&9/

Trang

10


.+Ï$/8̴17͘71*+,͎3
*9+'7K6/˰ˮ1*9
Ĉ͡U͟QJYjÿ͡QͱWY͗

.KLWăQJÿ
ӝrӛ
QJÿL
Ӌ
n trӣsuҩ
t cӫDÿ
ҩ
WÿiJL
ҧ
m, do sӕOѭ
ӧQJQѭ

ӟc khӕLYjQѭ
ӟc
trên mһ
WWăQJOrQ
&iFÿ
ҩ
WÿiU
ҳ
n nӭt nҿ( trҫ
m tích, biӃ
n chҩ
WSKXQWUjR
WKuFy
Ӌ
n trӣsuҩ
t cao nhҩ
t.
NӃ
XFiFÿ
ҩ
WÿiQj\Q
ҵ
PGѭ
ӟi mӵFQѭ
ӟc ngҫ
PWKuÿL
Ӌ
n trӣsuҩ
t lҥ
i thҩ

p.
Ĉ̱͡P

.KLÿ
ӝҭ
PWăQJW
ӭFOjÿ
ӝngҩ
PQѭ
ӟc trong phҫ
n rӛ
QJWăQJWKuÿL
Ӌ
n trӣsuҩ
t cӫ
Dÿ
ҩ
t
ÿiJL
ҧ
PÿLĈL
Ӌ
n trӣsuҩ
t cӫ
Dÿ
ҩ
Wÿi
ӣGѭ
ӟi mӵFQѭ
ӟc ngҫ

PWKѭ
ӡng lӟQKѫQWUrQ
ӵc
Qѭ
ӟc ngҫ
PĈL
Ӆ
XQj\ÿѭ
ӧc thӇhiӋ
n rõ các loҥ
LQKѭFiWWK{OR
ҥ
LÿiFyQKL
Ӆ
u khe nӭt,..,

YuWURQJFK~QJQѭ
ӟc khӕ
i chiӃ
PѭXWK
Ӄ
&zQÿ
ӕi vӟi sét sӵchênh lӋ
FKÿyNK{QJ
Ӌ
t.
Vì ӣVpWQѭ
ӟc trên mһ
t quan trӑnJKѫQQѭ
ӟc khӕi nên sӵchênh lӋ

ch vӅÿL
Ӌ
n trӣsuҩ
t nêu
trên không rõ rӋ
t.
Ĉ͡NKRiQJKyDFͯDQ˱ͣFQJ̯P
ĈL
Ӌ
n trӣsuҩ
t cӫDÿ
ҩ
WÿiSK
өthuӝFYjRÿL
Ӌ
n trӣsuҩ
t cӫ
DQѭ
ӟc ngҫ
PYjÿ
ӝkhống
cӫ
DQy7URQJÿL
Ӆ
u kiӋ
n tӵQKLrQFyÿ
ӝmuӕi nhӓWKuÿL
Ӌ
n trӣsuҩ
t có thӇ[HPOjÿ

ҥ
i
Oѭ
ӧng tӹlӋnghӏ
ch vӟLÿ
ӝkhống hóa và ít phөthuӝc vào thành phҫ
n cӫa muӕi hịa tan.
'Rÿyÿ
Ӈcó thӇ[iFÿ
ӏ
QKÿL
Ӌ
n trӣsuҩ
t cӫDQѭ
ӟFNKRiQJQJѭ
ӡi ta xem nó chӍdo mӝt
loҥ
i muӕLQjRÿyWURQJYQJW
ҥ
o nên.
7K{QJWKѭ
ӡQJQJѭ
ӡi ta lҩ
y NaCl làm ÿҥ
i diӋ
n, và có thӇ[iFÿ
ӏ
QKÿL
Ӌ
n trӣsuҩ

t
theo cơng thӭc thӵc nghiӋ
m:
ߩ؆

଼ǡ
ସ

(1.1)

ெ

7URQJÿy
ߩ
OjÿLӋQWUӣVXҩWFӫDPXӕLNKRiQJÿ
:.m
0OjÿӑNKRiQJKyDÿѫQYӏJO
.L͇QWU~FErQWURQJFͯDÿ̭Wÿi

&iFÿһFWtQKFӫDNLӃQWU~FYjFҩXWҥR
ÿLӋQWUӣVXҩWFӫDQyPjFzQJk\WtQKEҩ
WKӇKLӋQWUѭӟFWL
rQWURQJFiFORҥLÿҩWVpWWUҫPWt
c ORҥL
ÿѭӧF
FҩXWҥREӣLFiFOӟSPӓQJFyÿLӋQWUӣ
ÿLӋQWUӣVXҩWQKӓKѫQWKHRSKѭѫQJFҳWQJ

ĈӕLYӟLÿҩWÿiELӃQFKҩWFNJQJYұ\1ӃX
ӭWQҿPjFiFNKH

ѭXWLrQWKuWKHRTX\OXұWWKӕQJNrVӁF
WUѭQJFKRWtQKEҩWÿҷQJKѭӟQJYӅÿLӋQQ
ఘ

ߣൌට ೙

ఘ೟

( 1.2)

7URQJÿy
ߩ௡ÿLӋQWUӣVXҩWWKHRSKѭѫQJWKҷQJJ

ߩ௧ÿLӋQWUӣVXҩWWKHRSKѭѫQJFKkQO
697+75˰ˮ1*7+͒7+$1+1+Ỉ1
- /͢3&9/

Trang

11


.+Ï$/8̴17͘71*+,͎3
*9+'7K6/˰ˮ1*9
1KL͏Wÿ͡YjiSVX̭W

.KLQKLӋWÿӝWăQJ
ÿӝOLQKÿӝQJFӫDLRQWURQJQѭ
WKӇ
KLӋQTXDF{QJWKӭF






ߩ௧ൌ

ఘభఴ

(1.3)

ଵାఈሺ
௧
ିଵ଼
ሻ

o
7URQJÿyWOjQKLӋWÿӝ
C)
0
ߩଵ଼
OjÿLӋQWUӣVXҩWӣ
C



ߙOjKӋVӕQKLӋWWURQJNKRҧQJQKLӋW
500&KӋVӕQj\
tWWKD\GәL

GXQJGӏFKQѭӟFPXӕLNKiFQKDX

.KLQKLӋWÿӝWăQJWKHRFKLӅXVkXÿLӋ

0
GѭӟL
&ÿLӋQWUӣVXҩWWKD\ÿәLÿӝWQJӝWY
QWK{QJWKѭӡQJ

FyWURQJNKXQJNKRiQJYұWYjGXQJGӏFK
QD\[XҩWKLӋQW
SKҫQG
XQJGӏFKÿyQJEăQJ

6ӵSKөWKXӝFFӫDÿLӋQWUӣVXҩWYjRiS

YjRFiFORҥLÿҩWÿiĈӕLYӟLFiFÿҩWÿ
iWUҫPWtFK[ӕSYjQJұPQ

VXҩWWăQJYuNKLÿyWKӇWtFKFiFOӛUӛ
JLҧP
”1KұQ[pW
:

&iFÿҩWÿiUҳQWUҫPWtFKELӃQFKҩW
FiFQKDPWKҥFKQj\
ÿӝQӭWQҿYjÿӝSKRQJKyDFyWi
WUӣVXҩW

&iFÿҩWÿiUҳQQӭWQҿQҵPGѭӟLPҥFKQ
ÿӝQӭWQҿYjSKRQJKyDPҥQKÿӗQJWKӡLQ
FӫDORҥLÿҩWQj\Fy
WKӇEpKѫQKjQJFKөF
KjQJWUăPOҫQVRYӟLÿҩ
VtW1ӃXW
FiFNKHQӭWFKӍFKӭDNK{QJNKtWKuÿLӋQ

ĈLӋQWUӣVXҩWFӫDFiFÿҩWÿiWUҫPWtF
WKӫ\ÿӏDFKҩW

6pWFyÿLӋQWUӣVXҩWWKҩSYjtWEӏ
ELӃQÿәLQKҩWĈӕLYӟLF
NtFKWKѭӟFKҥWFjQJOӟQWKuÿLӋQWUӣVXҩ

ĈӇFyFiLQKuQÿӏQKKѭӟQJYӅÿLӋQWUӣ
.HOOHU)ULVFKNQHFKW
Yj'DQLHOV
LӋXÿѭӧFWUu
trong %ҧQJ

. ĈLӋQWUӣVXҩWFӫDFiFÿi[kPQKұ
FDRJLiWUӏÿLӋQWUӣVXҩWFӫDFiFORҥL
697+75˰ˮ1*7+͒7+$1+1+Ỉ1
- /͢3&9/

Trang

12

.+Ï$/8̴17͘71*+,͎3
*9+'7K6/˰ˮ1*9

FKӭDQѭӟFWURQJFiFÿӟLQӭWQҿÿy'RYұ
ӣsuҩ
t ӭng vӟi mӛi loҥ
Lÿ
ҩ
t
ÿiFyWK
ӇWKD\ÿ
әi trong mӝt giӟi hҥ
n khá rӝng, tӯhàng triӋ
u ȳǤ
݉ ÿӃ
n nhӓKѫQP
ӝ
t

ȳǤ
݉
SKөWKXӝFYjRÿӝҭPYjÿӝNKRiQJKy
WtQKUҩWWKLӃWWKӵFWURQJYLӋFSKiWWUL
YjFiFÿһFWUѭ
KyDWURQJNKҧRViWÿӏDNӻWKXұWYjWKăP

&iFÿiWUҫPWtFKWKѭӡQJFyÿӝ[ӕSYjÿ

VXҩWWKҩSKѫQVRYӟLFiFÿiWKkPQKұSY

Qj\WKѭӡ
QJWKD\ÿ
ә
i trong khoҧ
ng tӯ10ȳǤ
݉
ÿӃ
n 10000ȳǤ
݉
, hҫ
u hӃ
Wÿ
Ӆ
u có giá trӏ
nhӓ

KѫQ
ȳǤ
݉JLiWUӏFӫDÿLӋQWUӣVXҩWSKөWK

FӫDÿiYjÿһFELӋWOjÿӝNKRiQJKyDFӫD

&iFWUҫPWtFKEӣUӡLNK
ơng hҳ
n kӃ
WWKѭ
ӡng có giá trӏÿL
Ӌ
n trӣsuҩ
t thҩ

SKѫQFiF

trҫ
m tích, vӟi giá trӏWKD\ÿ
әi tӯvài ȳǤ
݉ ÿӃ
n nhӓKѫQ
ȳǤ
݉*LiWUӏÿLӋ

cӫDFK~QJSKөWKXӝFYjRÿӝ[ӕS
FKҷQJKҥQQKѭFiFWUҫPWtF

KjPOѭӧQJFiFNKRiQJYұW
VpWÿҩWVpWWKѭӡQJFyJLiW

&K~êUҵQJÿLӋQWUӣVXҩWFӫDFiFORҥL

UӝQJYjFKӗQJFKpROrQQKDXYuFK~QJS

QKѭÿӝ[ӕSPӭFÿӝQѭӟFE
mRKzDYjKjPOѭӧQJFiFPXӕL
Giá trӏÿL
Ӌ
n trӣsuҩ
t cӫ
Dӟ
Qѭ
Fӟ
Gѭ

L
ҩ
W
ÿ GDR
ӝ
ng trong
ÿ khoҧ
ng tӯ10ȳǤ
݉ÿ
Ӄ
n
100ȳǤ
݉, phөthuӝFYjRKjPOѭ
ӧng các muӕi hịa tan có trong chúng. Chú ý rҵ
QJÿL
Ӌ
n

trӣsuҩ
t cӫ
DQѭ
ӟc biӇ
n rҩ
t thҩ
p (khoҧ
ng 0.2 ȳǤ
݉), do hàm lѭӧQJPXӕLFDR
JL~SFKRSKѭѫQJSKiSWKăPGzÿLӋQWUӣWK
YӁEҧQÿӗ[iFÿӏQKUDQKJLӟLQKLӉPPһQӣ
GLӉQPӕLTXDQKӋJLӳDÿLӋQWUӣVXҩWFӫD

DFӫDFKҩWO
WURQJFK~QJÿyOjÿӏQKOXұW$UFKLHĈӏQK
WUҫPWtFKQKҩWÿӏQKÿһFELӋWOjFiFÿӕL
ÿLӋQFyWKӇÿѭӧFJLҧWKLӃWOjGRFiFFKҩ
iFOӛ[ӕSFӫDÿ
OXұW$UFKLHWDFy

ߩൌߙߩ௪߶ି௠

(1.4)

7URQJÿy
+ UOjÿLӋQWUӣVXҩWFӫDÿi
+ ߩ௪
ǣÿLӋQWUӣVXҩWFӫDFKҩWOӓQJ


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