Chapter 3 Ready for CEA

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(1)Chapter 3. GATHERING INFORMATIO N.

(2) MULTIPLE CHOICE 1.Gillian Swan’s purpose in creating the special shoe was to: A. prove a link between passive entertainment and obsesity. B. help teenagers to lose weight and become fitter. C. reveal how teenagers prefer to spend their time. D. find a way of staying in good condition while watching TV. 2.What does Swan say was of particular importance during the development of the shoe? A. creating a product that would always be in demand B. designing a shoe that teenagers were willing to wear C. making sure the technology could not be damaged D. ensuring that the information the shoe provided was reliable.

(3) 3.The writer mentions a small desert creature in line 21 in order to A. the idea of him becoming a victim by chance. B. the vast number of people who have car accidents C. the distance that existed between him and the researcher. D. the lack of control that people have over their own lives. 4.This in line 31 refers to A. the scale used to reply to the questions. B. the type of questions in the survey . C. the writer’s answering of the questions D. the attitude of the reaseacher.

(4) 5.In the first paragraph we learn that Chrissy A. gave no thought to global issues B. had few friends and acquaintances. C. rarely considered the consequences of her actions D. was not interested in the information she had been sent. 6.The writer’s tone throughout the extract suggests that he is A. critical of Chrissy for her insensitivity. B. opposed to the production of junk mail. C. concerned about the workers he mentions. D. full of admiration for human resourcefulness..

(5) NEW WORDS 1. Warrant (v): make ST necessary or approciate in a particular situation 2. Devise (v): invent ST new or a new way of doing ST 3. Exertions (n): physical or mental effort.

(6) NEW WORDS 1. Antipathy (n): a strong feeling of dislike. 2. Claimant (n): a person who claims ST because they believe they have the right to do it.

(7) NEW WORDS 1. Toss (v): throw ST lightly and carelessly 2. Unwitingly (adv): without being aware of what you are doing or the situations that you are involved in 3. Mockery (n): an action, or an decision that is a failure and that is not as it is supposed to be.

(8) NEW WORDS 4. Endeavour (n): an attempt to do ST, especially ST new or difficult. 5. Wipe Sth/SO out: destroy or remove ST completely 6. Comtemptuous (a) = scornful (a): feeling, or showing that you have no respect for SO/ST.

(9) VOCABULARY: SMELL adjective + noun collocation. 1. Complete each gap with a word from the box: Bacon fruit. bodies. Coffee. date. fumes spices. milk. rubber. smoke. 1.The Stale smell of cigarette _______ and sweaty_________ smoke bodies 2.The mouth-watering aroma of freshly brewed _______and sizziling Coffee _______ bacon 3.The acid odour of burning _______ and petrol ______. fumes rubber 4.The rancid smell of sour _____ and butter that has long since passed it sellmilk by _____ date 5.The pungent aroma of herbs and_______ ripe tropical._____. spices. fruit.

(10) 2. Arrange the adjectives in bold in exercise 1 into the columns below, according to their meaning. POSITIVE. NEGATIVE. NEUTRAL. mouth-watering. stale. pungent. fresh. acrid. unmistakable. sweet. rancid. strong. musty overpowering sickly.

(11) SCENTS AND SENSITIVITY. She has never known the fragrance of a beautiful flower – or been able to tell by sniffing whether food is safe to eat. Lucy Mangan on being born with no sense of smell.. It Itook I wasbeing. seven to convince am not until a fully sentient I am preferring to the factmy that Imother am anosmic; or, as I moreacknowledged helpfully put it when people thrust of ofcongenitally this. She reluctantly the truth perfumed articles under my nose and invite an opinion on the aroma, I was my making me sniff the fumes from bornclaim without after a sense of smell. E of nail varnish remove until I looked up her1.bottle hopefully and said does “My eyes are – is that That experience, however, not compare to theburning time I was persuaded by schoolfriends that as I couldn’t smell Emma Webster’s perfume, I what you mean?” should drink it. This was, I recall, it would give me at least some idea of the delicious scent I was missing. Alas, all it taught me was that perfume is not a beverage, and I was left feeling sick for days..

(12) 2.. A. I had enough sense to buy a smoke alarm, but it wasn’t until my sister called round and nearly collapsed from the smell of a hob burner I had accidentally switched on that I realized I needed a detector that would alert me aurally to gas leaks before I blew up the street. A few bouts of food poisoning alerted me to the fact that I can eat food which would cause those with functioning nasal passages to call in the public health authorities. I now check best-before dates assiduously and treat threeday-old milk the respect it deserves. 3.. G. I subscribe to the “ what you’ve never had, you never miss” school of thought but for those who lose their sense of smell, the effect on their quality of life can be enormous. Professor Tim Jacob at Cardiff University, who researches olfaction, explains “Anosmics will have found other ways of adapting, using texture and consistency to get information about food. But people who once relied on their sense of smell do not know how to cope without it.” 2. 3.

(13) 4.. B. And those are just the obvious things. As Jacob also notes: “You lose lots of subliminal information and links with the emotional centers of the brain. Smells are inextricably linked with memories and form the backdrop to your sensory experience. The smell of your first girlfriend’s perfume or boyfriend’s aftershave, anything associated with strong emotion, will always trigger a rush of memory. “ 5.. F. Alarmed at the thought of producing sickly babies, I enquire about treatment. For those who have lost their sense of smell through infection or damage, the news is relatively good. “They usually regain some ability because the olfactory nerve is capable of regeneration”, says David Roberts, ear, nose and throat and consultant at Guy’s & St Thomas’s Hospital in London 6.. C. I will have to soldier on, and draw what comfort I can from a recent exchange with an ex-boyfriend who, as we reminisced about our relationship said wistfully, "You were the best girlfriend in the world. You let me eat all the garlic I wanted and it didn’t bother you.” I’m putting it in my next personal ad. 4 5. 6 7.

(14) Naturally, the problem of being olfactorilychallenged don’t compare to those which attend blindness or deafness. Nevertheless, certain things do have to be taken into account, and certain precautious taken, which you only fully appreciate when you start living alone..

(15) I have also learned to stock my shelves with visitors as well as myself in mind. So I have fruit teas in the house even though they appear to be nothing more than an expensive way of colouring a mugful of hot water, and herbs, even though they are a matter of supreme indifference to me. When I cook for other people and a recipe says “season to taste”, I have to hope for the best.

(16) “The tongue can only distinguish the four basic tastes: bitter, sweet, salty, sour. Smell detects flavour and nuance, so they lose all significant sense of taste. About 17% become clinically depressed. Some become oversensitive about having body odour and are frightened of going out.”.

(17) Iam beginning to feel quite intrigued by this unknown world of smells taking you back in time, but this quickly deepens into concern about what else I am missing. “And of course you are attracted to people who smell different from you, because it suggests they have a different immunotype”, says Jacob. “It’s the evolutionary system trying to get you to pass on two sets of immunity advantages to your offspring”.

(18) Steroid-based drug treatments can help further. Nasal polyps causing blockages to olfactory passgeways can be treated medically and surgically. But, as one might expect, less can be done to rectify causes one is born with..

(19) WORD FORMATION:. ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS 111. -ory. -less. -able. -ent. -ative. -ial. -ic. 0. allergy - allergic science - scientific drama - dramatic 1. Approachable apllicable believable 2. Agrumentative administrative provocative 3. Introductory contradictory preparatory 4. Chatty muddy rocky 5. Luxurious mysterious monstrous 6. Endless priceless sleepless 7. Persistent apparent obedient 8. Managerial secretarial territorial. -ous. -y.

(20) ARE YOU READY??? ??.

(21) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

(22) 1. Her work has been acclaimed for its sensitivity of style and _________ (IMAGINE) use of imaginative imagery..

(23) 2. Her performance at work was considered unsatisfactory __________ (SATISFY) and her contract was not renewed..

(24) 3. It is becomingincreasingly _________ (INCREASE) difficult for artists to obtain public funding for their work..

(25) 4. The assistants in Gamidges are unhelpful and discourteous _________ (COURTESY). I shall shop elsewhere in future..

(26) 5. My grandfather was extremely knowledgeable __________ (KNOWLEDGE) about astronomy; the planets were his great passion..

(27) 6. We strayed from the path at some point and got __________ hopelessly (HOPE) lost..

(28) 7. Although several companies made substantial ____________ (SUBSTANCE) losses, the market as a whole was buoyant..

(29) 8. The bookcase was placed ____________ strategically (STRATEGY) a huge crack in the wall..

(30) LUCKY YOU!!!!!. +10.

(31) Word Formation. CAN YOU TRUST THE INTERNET? Most would agree that the golden age of the library has well and (0) truly passed and that the internet has overtaken as global information. provider of (1) __________ At the same time, there is growing suspicion that awareness and (2) ___________ online articles which seem to be based on thorough research, evidence and factual academic study, are not as (3) ___________ as they claim. Online, a writer has the kind editorial of (4) ___________ powers that no ordinary. TRUE GLOBE SUSPECT. FACT EDIT.

(32) journalist or author would ever have, and the reader is forced to distinguish objective between what is actually (5)__________ OBJECT of what is mere opinion. And even sites which were once though to be (6)_________ reliable RELY now suffer from attacks carried out by internet vandals intending to cause deliberate (7) __________ ACCURATE inaccuracies with statistics, or publish personal abuse against a well-known person, for example. Another (8) __________ controversial issue is CONTROVERSY.

(33) that of writers claiming to have academic expertise backgrounds or (9) ___________ in an EXPERT area when they do not. In 2007 online encyclopedia Wikipedia admitted that one of their editors, a professor of religious studies who other editors trustworthy believed to be entirely (10) __________, TRUST was actually a 24-year-old student called Ryan Jordan. Before he was unmasked, Jordan had made over 20,000 alterations to the entries people had posted on the cyclopedia..

(34) OPEN CLOZE Scientists in Bonn have developed a method of listening to sounds from plants normally inaudible (0) ……………. the to human wasear. The basic technique (1) ………………. developed in the Netherlands, but the German equipment is (2) more …………………………… sensitive. When a leaf or stem is sliced, by (3) ………… releasing the the plant signals pain or dismay gas ethylene over its entire surface. The gas molecules are collected in awhich bell jar and bombarded with laser beams, (4) ……………………. makes them vibrate. The resultant sound waves are amplified then / and in a resonance tube,(5) ……………………………. detected with amore/longer sensitive microphone. The (6) …………............. a plant is subjected to stress, the louder the signal..

(35) One surprising result came from an apparently healthy cucumber that was virtually shouting (7) …………. agony. A in/with (8) ……….. had closer study showed it (9)…………………… developed mildew, a harmful fungus, though the not/hardy/barely symptoms were (10) ………………….. apparent. Listening to plantsway is this (11) ………………. could be of great benefit to farmers as an early-warning system to detect pests and disease and as an aid to efficient storing and transporting. Apples, for instance, give (12) off ………………….. high levels of ethylene, increasing with to ripeness and causing neighbouring fruit (13) can/may Invisible differences of ripeness (14) ……………….rot. …………………….. be detected acoustically, enabling fruit its to be separated into battles in order to prolong (15) ………….. freshness..

(36) KEY WORD TRANSFORMATION 1. Having a holiday together was a mistake because we argued all the time. (NEVER) we had never goneholiday together because we  I wish ___________________on argued all the time. 2. You were not supposed to tell anyone about my news! (SECRET) you had kept my news secret of telling  I’d rather _________________________instead everyone. 3. Although I wanted to quit smoking gradually, my doctor told me to stop immediately. (PREFER) would prefer to have givensmoking gradually, but my  I _________________________up doctor told me to stop immediately..

(37) 4. I would find Andy more attractive if he didn’t laugh at strange things. (SENSE) not for his strange sense of  If it were __________________________humour, I would find Andy quite attractive. 5. If you should ever come to France, please feel free to visit us. (HAPPEN) if you happen to come Please feel free to visit us __________________ to France. 6. Patrick is going to lose his job if he insists on arriving late to work. (KEEP) he does keep on turning If ____________________________up late to work, Patrick is going to lose his job..

(38) 7. The most likely reason for the scientists getting the conclusion from is that they were not thorough enough with their research. (PROBABLY) If their research had been more thorough, the scientists ___________________________ probably would not have come/jumped to the wrong conclusion 8. Tom should have admitted his mistake, because the company usually gives employees another chance. (SECOND) have given Tom a second chance  The company might ______________________.

(39) 1. Wishes about the past WISH + PAST PERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE • This pattern is used to express wishes or regrets about the past: • Eg: *I wish I had never told him my secret. (I'm sorry that I told him my secret) *John wishes he hadn't spent so much money last night. (John regrets spending so much money last night).

(40) 2. WOULD RATHER/SOONER + perfect infinitive • Express preferences about the past and means that the desired action was not performed: • Eg: Would you rather have had pork than beef? (=Would you have preferred pork to beef?) I'd rather have walked but I went by bus because it was raining. (=I would have liked to walk...).

(41) *** Would prefer We use "would prefer" to say what somebody wants in a particular situation (not in general): *WOULD PREFER Sth *WOULD PREFER TO DO Sth (rather than do sth) Eg: I'd prefer to stay at home tonight rather than go to the cinema. *WOULD PREFER TO HAVE DONE Sth = WOULD HAVE PREFERRED TO DO Sth Eg: I would prefer to have become a pilot = I would have preferred to become a pilot..

(42) 2. If it were not for This describes how one event depends on another Eg: If it weren’t not for Jim, this company would be in a mess.

(43) THANKS FOR LISTENING !!!! .

(44)

Chapter 3 Ready for CEA

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