TEACHING GRAMMAR - VOCABULARY - PRONUNCIATION

Teaching Methodology


Outline:

• Teaching grammar
• Teaching vocabulary
•

Teaching pronunciation


Teaching grammar

Presenter:


What is grammar?
Description of the rules
that govern how a
language’s sentences are
formed
(Thornbury, 2008)


What is grammar teaching?
Teaching grammar
as a product

Teaching grammar

Teaching grammar

as process

as skill

(Helps learners to

(Gives learners

notice and to structure

practice in the skills of

by focusing on

language use, allowing

specified forms and

them to

meanings)

proceduralized their
knowledge)

(Guides learners to
utilize grammar for their
own communication)

What should be taught?
A 3-D Grammar Framework

How is it formed?

What does it mean?

form/structure

meaning/semantics

use/pragmatics

When/Why is it used?
From: Larsen-Freeman, D. (2001). Teaching Grammar. (pp. 251-266).
In Celce-Murcia, M. (Ed.) Teaching English as a Second or Foreign Language. (3rd Edition). Boston: Heinle &
Heinle.


Approaches to teach grammar

Grammar teaching

Deductive

Inductive

The starting point is the

The starting point is the

grammar

language data.


A Deductive Approach

Presentation of the
rules by the teacher

Teacher gives examples

Students make practice

by highlighting the

with the rules and

grammar structures

produce their own
examples at the end of
the lesson



Example:

GAME: “Where am I?”

The situation is a class needs reviewing the present continuous tense. Two of you will
pick one of these two papers and you have to use the simple continuous to describe
where you are.
For example: You pick “bar”. You must use the simple present tense like “I’m
dancing, others are drinking…” and the other members of your group have to guess
where you are. If you don’t use the correct form of present continuous tense, you
can’t get the point.


Teaching vocabulary

Presenter:


What is vocabulary?

• Vocabulary refers to words or
multiword units (like idioms and
phrasal verbs) that have a common
meaning.


Vocabulary

What is vocabulary?

can be defined
the word be teach in the foreign
language

is the glue
hole stories, ideas, ...together


Types of vocabulary

Single words

Set phrases

Variable
phrases

Phrasal verbs

Idioms


Other aspects of vocabulary

Polysemy

Connotation and
usage

Part of speech

Frequency

Collocation


Important goals

Focus on the vocabulary

Multiple retrievals

Develop successful vocabulary
learning strategies


Principles of teaching vocabulary

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Keep teaching simple and clear. No complicated explanations.
Relate the present teaching to past knowledge by showing a pattern.
Use both oral and written presentation – write it on the board and
explaining

Give most attention to words that are already partly known.
Tell the learners if it is a high frequency word that they should
remember.
Don’t bring in other unknown or little-known related words (like
synonyms or opposites).


Principles for teaching and learning vocabulary

Recycling

Motivation

Communication

Evalution &
assessment


Techniques for teaching vocabulary

Say

•
•

Say the word clearly
Write it on the board

Repeat

•

Get the class repeat in chorus

Translate

•

Translate & ask to translate


Techniques for teaching vocabulary

Draw

•

Draw a picture to show what the word means

Give example & definition

•

Detail description

Ask

•

Ask question using the new word


Techniques for teaching vocabulary

Say an opposite

•

Using an opposite of the word

Collocation

•

e.g. to apply for a job

Using visual aids


Meaning – focus input

• Learning from listening and reading
Meaning – focus output

• Learning through speaking and writing


Vocabulary strategies
Effective

Guessing unknown words from context

ways for
students
to learn
vocabulary

Learning the meanings of unknown words

Studying word parts and memonic devices