PCS 978s x technical manual EN overseas general x r1 20

Copyright © 2020 NR. All rights reserved.
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To the extent required the products described herein meet applicable IEC and IEEE standards,
but no such assurance is given with respect to local codes and ordinances because they vary
greatly.
Although every reasonable effort is made to present current and accurate information, this
document does not purport to cover all details or variations in equipment nor provide for every
possible contingency to be met in connection with installation, operation, or maintenance. Should
further information be desired or should particular problems arise which are not covered
sufficiently for your purposes, please do not hesitate to contact us.



Preface

Preface
About This Manual
The manual describes the protection, control, measurement and supervision functions with the

information of relevant hardware for PCS-978S Transformer Relay.

Safety Information
This manual is not a complete index of all safety measures required for operation of the
equipment (module or device). However, it comprises important information that must be followed
for personal safety, as well as to avoid material damage. Information is highlighted and illustrated
as follows according to the degree of danger:
Indicates an imminently hazardous situation that, if not avoided, will
result in death or serious injury.
Indicates a potentially hazardous situation that, if not avoided, could
result in death or serious injury.
Indicates a potentially hazardous situation that, if not avoided, may result
in minor or moderate injury or equipment damage.
Indicates that property damage can result if the measures specified are
not taken.

Important information about the device, product handling or a certain
section of the documentation which must be given particular attention.

Instructions and Warnings
The following hazard statements apply to this device.

Disconnect or de-energize all external connections BEFORE opening this
device. Contact with hazardous voltages and currents inside this device
can cause electrical shock resulting in injury or death.

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Preface

Contact with instrument terminals can cause electrical shock that can
result in injury or death.

Use of this equipment in a manner other than specified in this manual can
impair operator safety safeguards provided by this equipment.

Have only qualified personnel service this equipment. If you are not
qualified to service this equipment, you can injure yourself or others, or
cause equipment damage.

This device is shipped with default passwords. Default passwords should
be changed to private passwords at installation. Failure to change each
default password to a private password may allow unauthorized access.
NR shall not be responsible for any damage resulting from unauthorized
access.

DO NOT look into the fiber (laser) ports/connectors.

DO NOT look into the end of an optical cable connected to an optical
output.

DO NOT perform any procedures or adjustments that this instruction
manual does not describe.

During installation, maintenance, or testing of the optical ports, ONLY use
the test equipment qualified for Class 1 laser products!

Incorporated components, such as LEDs, transceivers, and laser emitters,

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Preface

are NOT user serviceable. Return units to NR for repair or replacement.

Equipment components are SENSITIVE to electrostatic discharge (ESD).
Undetectable permanent damage can result if you do not use proper ESD
procedures. Ground yourself, your work surface, and this equipment
BEFORE removing any cover from this equipment. If your facility is not
equipped to work with these components, contact NR about returning this
device and related NR equipment for service.

Insufficiently rated insulation can deteriorate under abnormal operating
conditions and cause equipment damage. For external circuits, use wiring
of SUFFICIENTLY RATED insulation that will not break down under
abnormal operating conditions.

SEVERE power and ground problems can occur on the communications
ports of this equipment as a result of using non-standard cables. Please
use the wiring method recommended in the manual for communication
terminals.

DO NOT connect power to the relay until you have completed these
procedures and receive instruction to apply power. Equipment damage
can result otherwise.

Use of controls or adjustments, or performance of procedures other than
those specified herein, may RESULT IN hazardous radiation exposure.

The firmware may be upgraded to add new features or enhance/modify
existing features, please MAKE SURE that the version of this manual is
compatible with the product in your hand.

Document Conventions


The abbreviations and acronyms in this manual are explained in “Appendix A Glossary”. The

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Glossary also contains definitions of important terms.


Menu path is connected with the arrow "→" and bold.
For example: the access path of protection settings is: MainMenu→Settings→Protection
Settings



Settings not in the table should be placed in brackets.
For example: the system setting [Opt_SysFreq]



Cross-references are presented in italics.
For example: refer to Figure 1.1-1, refer to Table 1.1-1, reference to Section 1.1



Binary input signals, binary output signals, analogs, LED lights, buttons, and other fixed
meanings, should be written in double quotes and bold.
For example: press the button "ENT".

Symbols


AND Gate

&



&

&

>=1

>=1

OR Gate

>=1



Comparator



Binary signal Input
BI



Signal input
SIG



xxx

xxx

Setting input

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SET



Enable input
EN



xxx

xxx

Timer
Optional definite-time or inverse-time characteristic
Timer
t
t



Timer

Fixed delay pickup (10ms), fixed delay dropout (2ms)
10ms



2ms

Timer
Settable delay pickup, fixed delay dropout
[Tset1]



0ms

Timer
Fixed delay pickup, settable delay dropout
0ms



[Tset2]

Timer
Settable delay pickup, settable delay dropout
[Tset1]



[Tset2]

Generator

G



Transformer

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

Reactor



Motor

M



Capacitor

C



Busbar



Circuit breaker

52



Current transformer
3CT

*



Voltage transformer

3VT



Disconnector

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

Earth

Three-phase Corresponding Relationship
Basic
A, B, C

L1, L2, L3

R, Y, B

AN, BN, CN

L1N, L2N, L3N

RN,YN, BN

ABC

L123

RYB

U (voltage)

V

U

Example
Ia, Ib, Ic, I0

IL1, IL2, IL3, IN

IR, IY, IB, IN

Ua, Ub, Uc

VL1, VL2, VL3

UR, UY, UB

Uab, Ubc, Uca

VL12, VL23, VL31

URY, UYB, UBR

U0, U1, U2

VN, V1, V2

UN, U1, U2

Warranty
This product is covered by the standard NR 10-year warranty. For warranty details, please consult
the manufacturer or agent for warranty information.

Document Structure
This manual is a comprehensive work covering the theories of protection, control, supervision,
measurement, etc. and the structure & technical data of relevant hardware. Read the sections that
pertain to your application to gain valuable information about using the PCS-978S. To concentrate
on the target sections of this manual as your job needs and responsibilities dictate. An overview of
each manual section and section topics follows.

1 Introduction
Introduces PCS-978S features, summarizes functions and applications of the device.

2 Technical Data
Lists device specifications, type tests, and ratings.

3 Protection Functions
Describes the function of various protection elements, gives detailed specifics on protection
scheme logic, and provides the relevant logic diagrams.

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4 Control Functions
Describes the logic for the control of disconnectors and circuit breakers.

5 Measurement
Provides information on viewing fundamental and rms metering quantities for voltages and
currents, as well as power and energy metering data.

6 Supervision
Describes self-supervision technique to help diagnose potential difficulties should these occur and
includes the list of status notification messages. Provides a troubleshooting chart for common
device operation problems.

7 System Functions
Describes how to perform fundamental operations such as clock synchronization, communicating
with the device, switching active setting group, checking relay status, reading event reports and
SER (Sequential Events Recorder) records.

8 Hardware
Describes the hardware of the PCS series device family and provides general information on the
product structure and the modules technical data.

9 Settings
Provides a list of all settings and their ranges, unit, steps, defaults. The organization of the
settings is similar to the settings organization in the device and in the PCS-Studio software.

Appendix A Glossary
Describes the abbreviations adopted in this manual.

Document Revision History
PN: ZL_PCS-978S_X_Technical Manual_EN_Overseas General_X
Current version: R1.20
Corresponding Version
Date
Document

Software

R1.00

R1.00

2019-01-31

Description of change



Form the original manual.

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R1.10

R1.20

2019-12-09



Modification of voltage selection diagram.



Update of switchgear control function.



Update of VT circuit supervision.



Update of technical data.



Add switchgear position verification



Add the description about digital substation application



Add the description about digital interface



Add technical data of GOOSE and SV



Add certifications of IEC 61850, DNP, PRP, HSR, IEEE
1588



Add alarm signals of GOOSE and SV



Add NET-DSP plug-in module (NR6112B)



Add SV communication settings



Add GOOSE send links and receiving links



Add SV links



Add reactor protection application scenario



Update of technical data



Add reactor current differential protection function 87R
and inter-turn fault protection function 21IT

R1.20

R1.30

2020-03-05


Add binary input and binary output module NR6661



Add mechanical relay input and output module NR6662



Replace the NET-DSP module NR6112B with NR6113



Deletion of the DC analogue input module NR6631B

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1 Introduction

1 Introduction

1
Table of Contents
1.1 Application ....................................................................................................... 1-1
1.2 Protection Functions ....................................................................................... 1-4
1.3 Control Functions ............................................................................................ 1-6
1.4 Measurement and Metering Functions .......................................................... 1-6
1.5 Supervision Functions .................................................................................... 1-7
1.6 Communication Functions ............................................................................. 1-7
1.7 User Interfaces ................................................................................................. 1-7
1.8 Additional Functions ....................................................................................... 1-8
1.9 Features ............................................................................................................ 1-8

List of Figures

Figure 1.1-1 Two-winding transformer .................................................................................... 1-1
Figure 1.1-2 Three-winding transformer ................................................................................. 1-1
Figure 1.1-3 Auto-transformer with two sides ........................................................................ 1-2
Figure 1.1-4 Auto-transformer with three sides ..................................................................... 1-2
Figure 1.1-5 Typical application of an auto-transformer ....................................................... 1-3
Figure 1.1-6 Typical application of a shunt reactor ............................................................... 1-3

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1 Introduction

1.1 Application
PCS-978S transformer relay provides fast and selective protection, control and monitoring for
two-winding transformers, three-winding transformers, auto-transformers, as well as shunt
reactors. The full transformer protections are configurable by user. Ancillary functions of fault
diagnostic, disturbance records, event records and communication function are integrated in the

device.
PCS-978S is adaptive to the following 2/3-windings transformers or auto-transformer.

Figure 1.1-1 Two-winding transformer

Figure 1.1-2 Three-winding transformer

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1 Introduction

1

Figure 1.1-3 Auto-transformer with two sides

Figure 1.1-4 Auto-transformer with three sides

The function diagrams for protecting an auto-transformer and a reactor are respectively shown
below.

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1 Introduction
HVS
3 VT

52

3 CT

1

*

87T

MVS

87W

64
REF

51P
Alm

50BF

67G

*

*

*

3 CT

50/
51G

1 CT
1 CT

67P

50/
51P

*
1 CT

52

49

67Q

*
50/

51Q

1 CT
3 VT

59P

59G

27P

24

81U

81O

3 CT

*
52

3 VT

LVS

Figure 1.1-5 Typical application of an auto-transformer
Bus1

52

Line
1 VT

52

50/
51P
3 CT

21IT

49

87R

*

50/
51G

Shunt reactor

3 CT

52

*

Bus2

1 CT

*

Neutral earthing reactor

Figure 1.1-6 Typical application of a shunt reactor
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1 Introduction

1

The PCS-978S is applicable not only to conventional substations, but also to digital substations. It
supports IEC 61850 Editions 1 and 2 and provides GOOSE and SV network interfaces with high
real-time performance. The process level network supports peer-to-peer (P2P) mode and
networking mode, including single network mode and dual network mode. The station level
network could also receive and send MMS messages (such as interlocking signals) or process
level GOOSE messages (such as trip signals).

1.2 Protection Functions
ANSI

Protection Functions

Remark



Biased differential protection with three slopes



Biased DPFC differential protection



Unrestrained instantaneous differential protection



Optional

inrush

current

distinguished

principles:

harmonic criterion or waveform distortion
87T

Transformer differential protection



Optional harmonic blocking modes: self-adaptive
1Pblk1P mode, 2PBlk3P mode, 1Pblk3P mode



Overexcitation detection: fifth harmonic or third
harmonic criterion

64REF

Restricted earth-fault protection



Optional transfer methods: △→Y or Y→△



Independent CT saturation criterion



Differential CT circuit failure supervision



Optional direction element



CT transient characteristic difference detection



CT saturation detection based on 2nd and 3rd
harmonics

87W

Winding differential protection



CT transient characteristic difference detection



CT saturation detection based on 2nd and 3rd
harmonics

87R

21IT

Reactor differential protection



Biased DPFC differential protection



Biased current differential protection



Independent CT saturation criterion



Harmonic blocking criterion



Differential CT circuit failure supervision



Zero-sequence

Inter-turn fault protection

power

directional

element

and

zero-sequence impedance element


CT and VT circuit failure blocking



Two stages definite-time overexcitation protection



Stage 1 of definite-time overexcitation protection for
trip purpose

24

Overexcitation protection



Stage 2 of definite-time overexcitation protection for
alarm purpose



One stage inverse-time overexcitation protection for
both alarm purpose and trip purpose

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1 Introduction
ANSI

67P
50/51P

67G
50/51G

Protection Functions

Phase overcurrent protection

Remark


6 stages with independent logic by default



Voltage control element for each stage



Optional direction element for each stage



Optional definite-time characteristic and inverse-time

1

characteristic for each stage


Trip purpose or alarm purpose for each stage



Harmonic control element for each stage



4 stages with independent logic by default



Optional direction element for each stage



Optional

measured

zero-sequence

current

or

calculated zero-sequence current


Earth fault protection

Optional definite-time characteristic and inverse-time
characteristic for each stage



Selectable trip purpose or alarm purpose for each
stage

67Q
50/51Q

Negative-sequence

overcurrent

protection



Harmonic control element for each stage



Up to 2 stages with independent logic



Optional direction element for each stage



Optional definite-time characteristic and inverse-time
characteristic for each stage


49

Thermal overload protection

Two stages thermal overload protection, and one
stage for alarm purpose and the other stage for trip
purpose

50BF



Up to 6 circuit breakers are supported



Phase-segregated re-trip and three-phases re-trip



Optional current criterion (phase overcurrent element,

Breaker failure protection

zero-sequence

overcurrent

element,

negative-sequence overcurrent element)


Optional circuit breaker position check



Two time delays



Up to 2 stages with independent logic



Optional definite-time characteristic and inverse-time
characteristic for each stage

59P

Overvoltage protection



Optional phase voltage or phase-to-phase voltage



Optional “1-out-of-3” logic or “3-out-of-3” logic



Selectable trip purpose or alarm purpose for each
stage

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1 Introduction
ANSI

Protection Functions

1

Remark


Up to 2 stages with independent logic



Optional definite-time characteristic and inverse-time
characteristic for each stage

27P

Undervoltage protection



Optional phase voltage or phase-to-phase voltage



Optional “1-out-of-3” logic or “3-out-of-3” logic



Blocked by instantaneous VT circuit failure



Selectable trip purpose or alarm purpose for each
stage



Up to 2 stages with independent logic



Optional

measured

zero-sequence

voltage

or

calculated zero-sequence voltage
59G

Residual overvoltage protection



Optional definite-time characteristic and inverse-time
characteristic for each stage



Selectable trip purpose or alarm purpose for each
stage

81O

Overfrequency protection

81U

Underfrequency protection



Up to 2 stages with independent logic



Voltage control element



Up to 4 stages with independent logic



Voltage control element

1.3 Control Functions


Switchgear control



Double point status synthesis



Remote/Local control mode switch



Interlocking logic for control



Direct control



Closing synchronism check with voltage selection



Switchgear trip counter



Tap position indicator and control

1.4 Measurement and Metering Functions


U, I, P, Q, S, Cos, f



Positive, negative and zero sequences



Max.15th harmonics



DC analog inputs (0~±20mA, 0~±10Vdc)

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1 Introduction

1.5 Supervision Functions


CT circuit failure supervision (CTS)



VT circuit failure supervision (VTS)



Self diagnostic



Powerful faults recording (max. buffer for 10,000 sampled points at 4.8 or 9.6 kHz)



Event Recorder including 1024 disturbance records, 1024 binary events, 1024 supervision
events, 256 control logs and 1024 device logs.



Disturbance recorder including 64 disturbance records with waveforms (The file format of
disturbance recorder is compatible with international COMTRADE file.)



Single line diagram representation in display

1

1.6 Communication Functions


Support of various protocols
Modbus, DNP3.0, IEC 60870-5-103, IEC 61850 Ed.1 & Ed.2, IEC 61850 MMS Server, IEC
61850-8-1 GOOSE, IEC 61850-9-2LE SV, IEC 62439 Parallel Redundancy Protocol, IEC
62439 HSR Ring Redundancy Protocol.



Up to four 10Base-T/100Base-TX copper Ethernet ports



Up to fourteen 100Base-FX optical Ethernet ports



Up to four 1000Base-SX optical Ethernet ports



Two RS-485 serial ports for communication or printer



One RS-485/TTL serial port for clock synchronization



Two RJ45 debugging ports (front and rear)

1.7 User Interfaces


Friendly HMI interface with LCD, easy-to-use keypad aids simple navigation and set-point
adjustment



Push buttons for open/close, switch for selection between local and remote control, and user's
login and logout authority management



4 Programmable operator pushbuttons with user-configurable labels



Up to 18 programmable target LEDs with user-configurable labels



1 RS-232 or RS-485 rear ports for printer



Language switchover—English+ selected language



Configuration tool—PCS-Studio

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1 Introduction

1.8 Additional Functions

1



User programmable logic



Switching system phase sequences function (ABC or ACB)



Clock synchronization





IRIG-B: IRIG-B via RS-485 differential level, TTL level or optical fibre interface



PPS: Pulse per second (PPS) via RS-485 differential level or binary input



PPM: Pulse per minute (PPM) via RS-485 differential level or binary input



IEEE 1588: Clock message based on IEEE 1588 via optical fibre interface



SNTP (PTP): Unicast (point-to-point) SNTP mode via Ethernet network



SNTP (BC): Broadcast SNTP mode via Ethernet network



Message (IEC103/Modbus/DNP3.0): Clock messages through IEC103 protocol, Modbus
protocol and DNP3.0 protocol

Cyber security



NERC CIP



IEC 62351



IEC 62443



IEEE 1686

1.9 Features


High degree of functional integration and flexible configuration modes, transformer main
protection and back-up protection can be integrated in one device, or be separated in two
devices.



Up to 36 analog inputs can be provided and configured flexibly.



The tripping output contacts can be configured by tripping matrix, which is flexible, convenient

and suitable to any mode of tripping.



The relay supports at most 6 branches differential protection. The transformer angle can be
adjusted flexibly, and any transformer angle compensation mode is supported and any side
can be chosen as the reference side of differential protection.



Reliable differential CT circuit failure supervision. The relay can detect multi-phase CT
wire-break, multi-side CT wire-break, short-circuit, and other complex situation. The
corresponding logic setting can be used to select blocking differential protection or not, in case
of CT circuit failure.



Multiple inrush current blocking options are provided. Self-adaptive inrush current blocking

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1 Introduction

criterion can ensure the relay fast operation for transformer energized on to a slight fault,
meanwhile it will avoid the unwanted operation in the case of the energization inrush current
caused by energizing transformer with no load, the recovery inrush current caused by cutting

off the transformer external fault, and the sympathetic inrush current.


Biased DPFC differential protection is regardless of load current and is sensitive to small
internal fault current within the transformer. Its anti CT saturation performance is also strong.

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1