Xử lý ảnh số -P17

Phụ lục - Xử lý ảnh
Phụ lục gồm listing chơng trình trình bày một cách chi tiết các định dạng
ảnh: BMP, PCX, TIFF, GIF,... và các môđul chơng trình thực hiện các công đoạn của
quá trình xử lý ảnh. Chơng trình đợc viết trên C và Visual C và có thể coi nh một công
cụ đơn giản minh hoạ các bớc của xử lý ảnh. Các ảnh minh hoạ trong cuốn sách này
lấy từ kết quả thực hiện chơng trình trên.
1. Nhóm chơng trình nạp và lu ảnh
Việc nạp ảnh từ tệp vào mảng số và lu ảnh từ mảng lên tệp là cần thiết cho
mọi chức năng xử lý. Chính vì thế, phần chơng trình có tổ chức 2 moduls riêng:
- BMP.H: Thực hiện việc mở và đọc ảnh số từ tệp *.BMP vào mảng 2
chiều.
- PCX.H: Thực hiện việc mở và đọc ảnh số từ tệp *.PCX vào mảng 2
chiều.
BMP.H
// Chứa các khai báo về file ảnh BMP & các thủ tục mở file. //
typedef unsigned int WORD;
typedef unsigned long DWORD;
typedef unsigned char BYTE;
typedef struct tagBITMAPFILEHEADER
{
WORD bfType;
DWORD bfSize;
WORD bfReserved1;
WORD bfReserved2;
DWORD bfoffBits;
} BITMAPFILEHEADER;
typedef struct tagBITMAPINFOHEADER
{
DWORD biSize;
long biWidth;
long biHeight;

WORD biPlanes;
WORD biBitCount;
DWORD biCompression;
DWORD biSizeImage;
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long biXPelsPerMeter;
long biYPelsPerMeter;
DWORD biClrUsed;
DWORD biClrImportant;
} BITMAPINFOHEADER;
typedef struct tagRGBQUAD
{
BYTE rgbBlue;
BYTE rgbGreen;
BYTE rgbRed;
BYTE rgbReserved;
} RGBQUAD;
BYTE huge *InImage;
unsigned long p,chieucao,chieurong;
int OpenBitmapFile(char *fname,int *fh,
BITMAPFILEHEADER *bmfhd,
BITMAPINFOHEADER *bmihd);
int ReadBitmapPalette(int fh, int numcl, RGBQUAD *bmpals);
int GetScanLine(int fh, int BytePerLine, BITMAPINFOHEADER
*bih, int x, int y);
void SetRGBPalette(int index,int red ,int green,int blue);
void SetRGBPalettes(int index, int red, int green, int blue);
int GetBitmapToArray(char *fname);
extern void Error(unsigned OrderError);

//***************************************** //
//Mở file bitmap //
int OpenBitmapFile(char *fname,int *fh,BITMAPFILEHEADER
*bmfhd, BITMAPINFOHEADER *bmihd)
{int tmp;
*fh = _open(fname,O_RDONLY);
if(*fh == -1) return -1; // không mở đợc file
tmp = _read(*fh,bmfhd,sizeof(BITMAPFILEHEADER));
if (tmp == -1)
{ close(*fh); return -1;// lỗi đọc file
}
if(bmfhd->bfType != 0x4D42)
{
close(*fh);
return -2 ;// không phải dạng BMP
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}
tmp = _read(*fh,bmihd,sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER));
if(tmp != sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER))
{
close(*fh);
return -2 ;//kh«ng ph¶i d¹ng BMP
}
if (bmihd->biCompression == 0)
{
bmihd->biSizeImage = (bmfhd->bfSize-bmfhd-
>bfoffBits);
}
return 0;

} //end of function
//******************************************************** //
//§äc b¶ng mµu file bitmap //
int ReadBitmapPalette(int fh,int numcl,RGBQUAD *bmpals)
{
int numbyte,tmp;
numbyte=numcl*sizeof(RGBQUAD);
lseek(fh,sizeof(BITMAPFILEHEADER)
+sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER), SEEK_SET);
tmp=_read(fh,(void*)bmpals,numbyte);
if (tmp == -1)
{ close(fh);return -1;
}
if(tmp!=numbyte)
{close(fh);return -2;
}
return 0;
} // end of function
//******************************************//
int GetScanLine(int fh,int BytePerLine,BITMAPINFOHEADER *bih)
//§äc dßng ¶nh vµo m¶ng //
{
BYTE *buff;
int tmp,ppb,mask,i,j,cx,nb,cl;
buff=(BYTE *)malloc(BytePerLine+1);
if(buff==NULL)
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{return -3; //Kh«ng ®ñ bé nhí
}

tmp=_read(fh,buff,BytePerLine);
if(tmp != BytePerLine)
{return -1;
}
ppb=8/bih->biBitCount;
mask=(1 << bih->biBitCount)-1;
for(i=0,cx=0;i<BytePerLine;i++)
{nb=buff[i];
for(j=0;j<ppb;j++,cx++)
{cl=nb >> (bih->biBitCount * (ppb-1-j));
cl=cl & mask;
InImage[p++]= cl;
if(cx == bih->biWidth) break;
}
if(cx >= bih->biWidth) break;
}
free(buff); return 0;
}
//****************************************//
void SetRGBPalette(int index,int red ,int green,int blue)
{
int r,g,b,cl;
red >>= 6; r=(red & 1) << 5; r +=(red & 2) << 1 ;
green >>= 6; g= (green & 1) << 4; g += (green & 2);
blue >>= 6; b= (blue & 1) << 3; b += (blue & 2) >> 1;
cl=r+g+b;
_AX=0x1000;
_BL=index;
_BH=cl;
geninterrupt(0x10);

}
//***************************************** //
void SetRGBPalettes(RGBQUAD *pals,int numcl)
{
int i;
for(i=0;i<numcl;i++)
{
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SetRGBPalette(i,(pals+i)->rgbRed,(pals+i) ->rgbGreen,
(pals+i) - >rgbBlue);
}
}
//********************************************* //
// Đọc File BMP vào mảng bộ nhớ //
int GetBitmapToArray(char *fname)
{
int i,j,tmp,numcolor,BytePerLine,bmfilehand;
BITMAPINFOHEADER bminfohdr;
BITMAPFILEHEADER bmfilehdr;
RGBQUAD *bmpalettes;
tmp=OpenBitmapFile(fname,&bmfilehand,&bmfilehdr,
&bminfohdr);
chieucao= bminfohdr.biHeight;
chieurong= bminfohdr.biWidth;
switch(tmp)
{case -1: return(1); //break; //không mở đợc file
case -2: return(2); //break; //lỗi file
}
numcolor=1 << (bminfohdr.biBitCount);

BytePerLine=bminfohdr.biSizeImage/bminfohdr.biHeight;
bmpalettes=(RGBQUAD far*)
malloc(numcolor*sizeof(RGBQUAD));
if(bmpalettes==NULL) return (3);
tmp=ReadBitmapPalette(bmfilehand,numcolor,bmpalettes);
if (tmp != 0) return(1);
SetRGBPalettes(bmpalettes,numcolor);
farfree(bmpalettes);
lseek(bmfilehand,bmfilehdr.bfoffBits,SEEK_SET);
if((InImage =(BYTE huge *)
farcalloc(bminfohdr.biHeight*bminfohdr.biWidth,
sizeof(BYTE)))==NULL)
return(3);
p= 0;
for(i=0;i<bminfohdr.biHeight;i++)
{ if (bminfohdr.biCompression==0)
tmp=GetScanLine(bmfilehand,BytePerLine,&bminfohdr);
}
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close(bmfilehand);
return(0);
}
• PCX.H
// Chøa c¸c khai b¸o cña File PCX
//
#define TRUE 1
#define FALSE 0
#define VIDEO 0x10
#define Enter 13

#define BackSpace 8
#define MAXSCREENWIDTH 640
#define MAXSCREENHEIGHT 480
#define BITSPERBYTE 8
#define MAXPLANES 4
#define MAXBYTESPERSCAN 640
#define MAXPALETTECOLORS 16
#define MAX256PALETTECOLORS 256
#ifndef_BYTE
#define _BYTE
typedef char BYTE;
#endif
#define NoError 0
#define EBadParms -1
#define EFileNotFound -2
#define EReadFileHdr -3
#define ENotPCXFile -4
#define ECorrupt -5
#define EWrtFileHdr -6
#define EWrtOutFile -7
#define EWrtScanLine -8
#define EPCCFile -9
#define PCXHdrTag 0x0A
#define MaxRepCount 0x3F
#define PCX256ColorTag 0x0C
typedef struct
{
BYTE Red;
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BYTE Green;
BYTE Blue;
}ColorRegister;
struct PCXFileHeader
{
BYTE Header;
BYTE Version;
BYTE Encode;
BYTE BitPerPix;
unsigned X1;
unsigned Y1;
unsigned X2;
unsigned Y2;
unsigned Hres;
unsigned Vres;
};
struct PCXInfo
{
BYTE Vmode;
BYTE NumOfPlanes;
unsigned BytesPerLine;
BYTE unused[60];
};
struct ExtendedPalette
{
BYTE ExtendedPalette;
ColorRegister Palette[MAX256PALETTECOLORS];
};
struct PCX_File
{

struct PCXFileHeader PCXHeader;
ColorRegister Palette[MAXPALETTECOLORS];
struct PCXInfo Info;
} PCX_FileType;
int looping;
struct PCX_File PCXData;
unsigned ImageWidth,ImageHeight;
FILE *PCXFile;
BYTE ScanLine[MAXBYTESPERSCAN];
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BYTE PixelColorNum[MAXSCREENWIDTH];
struct ExtendedPalette Color256Palette;
unsigned ImageWidth,ImageHeight,NumOfPlanes;
unsigned Is256ColorFile=FALSE;
struct PCX_File PCXData;
int ReadPCXFileHdr(char *Filename,int Verbose);
static int ExpandScanLine(FILE *InFile);
unsigned InstallPCXFilePalette(void);
void DisplayPCXFile(char *FileName,int Verbose);
void Set256ColorMode(void);
void interrupt (*oldkb)();
void interrupt newkb();
int Gwrite(int x,int y,char *gtext,int inc)
{
WriteXYB(x,y,gtext,1,1,15,0,0,0);
return (x+inc+textwidth(gtext));
}
int GwriteDel(int x,int y,char *gtext,int inc)
{

WriteXYB(x,y,gtext,1,1,0,0,0,0);
return (x+inc+textwidth(gtext));
}
int Gwriteln(int x,int y,char *gtext)
{
WriteXYB(x,y,gtext,1,1,15,0,0,0);
return (y+10+textheight(gtext));
}
char *Gread(int x,int y)
{
char *gtext,text[2];
char ch;
gtext[0]=0x0;
do
{
ch=getch();
if (ch!=Enter)
{
if (ch!=BackSpace)
{
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text[0]=ch;text[1]='\0';
x=Gwrite(x,y,text,0);
strcat(gtext,text);
}
else
if (strcmp(gtext,""))
{
text[0]=gtext[strlen(gtext)-1];text[1]='\0';

x=x-textwidth(text);
x=GwriteDel(x,y,"Û",0);
x=x-textwidth(text);
gtext[strlen(gtext)-1]='\0';
}
}
} while (ch!=Enter);
return gtext;
}
void interrupt newkb()
{
if(inportb(0x60)==1) looping=0;
oldkb();
}
void Set256ColorMode(void)
{
union REGS regs;
regs.h.ah=0;
regs.h.al=0x13;
int86(VIDEO,&regs,&regs);
}
int ReadPCXFileHdr(char *Filename,int Verbose)
{
unsigned Index,i;
int row=100,col=100;
for(i=0;i<=strlen(Filename);i++) Filename[i]=toupper(Filename[i]);
if(!strchr(Filename,'.')) strcat(Filename,".PCX");
if((PCXFile=fopen(Filename,"rb"))==NULL)
{
Gwrite(col,row,"Kh«ng t×m thÊy File ",0);

return(EFileNotFound);
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}
if(fread(&PCXData,sizeof(struct PCX_File),1,PCXFile)!=1)
{
Gwrite(col,row,"Lỗi đọc Header File ",0);
return(EReadFileHdr);
}
if(PCXData.PCXHeader.Header!=PCXHdrTag)
{
Gwrite(col,row,"Không phải PCX File ",0);
return(ENotPCXFile);
}
if (Verbose)
{
clrscr();
printf("PCX Image Information for file %s\n\n",Filename);
printf("\tVersion %d\n",PCXData.PCXHeader.Version);
printf("\tCompression %s\n",
PCXData.PCXHeader.Encode==0?"none":"RLL");
printf("\tBit per Pixel %d\n",PCXData.PCXHeader.BitPerPix);
printf("\tX1: %d\n",PCXData.PCXHeader.X1);
printf("\tY1: %d\n",PCXData.PCXHeader.Y1);
printf("\tX2: %d\n",PCXData.PCXHeader.X2);
printf("\tY2: %d\n",PCXData.PCXHeader.Y2);
printf("\tHoriz Resolution: %d\n",PCXData.PCXHeader.Hres);
printf("\tVert Resolution: %d\n",PCXData.PCXHeader.Vres);
printf("\tVmode: %d\n",PCXData.Info.Vmode);
printf("\tNumber of Planes: %d\n",PCXData.Info.NumOfPlanes);

printf("\tByte per Scan Line of Plane :%d\n"
,PCXData.Info.BytesPerLine);
printf("\n\tHit any key to proceed");
getch();
clrscr();
if
((PCXData.PCXHeader.Hres==320)&&(PCXData.PCXHeader.Vres==
200)&&
(PCXData.Info.NumOfPlanes==1))
Is256ColorFile=TRUE;
printf("\n\tColor Register Value of PCX file: %s\n\n",Filename);
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if (Is256ColorFile)
for(Index=0;Index<MAX256PALETTECOLORS;Index++)
{
printf("\tPalette[ %X ] : R=%6X G=%6X B=%6X
/n,Index,PCXData.Palette[Index].Red,
PCXData.Palette[Index].Green,PCXData.Palette[Index].Blue);
if ((Index+1)%16==0)
{
getch();
clrscr();
if(Index!=0xFF)
printf("\n\tColor Register Value of PCX file: %s\n\n",
Filename);
}
}
else
for (Index=0;Index<MAXPALETTECOLORS;Index++)

{
printf("\tPalette[ %X ] : R=%6X G=%6X B=%6X
\n",Index,PCXData.Palette[Index].Red,
PCXData.Palette[Index].Green,PCXData.Palette[Index].Blue);
}
printf("\n\tHit any key to continue");
getch();
}
return(NoError);
}
static int ExpandScanLine(FILE *InFile)
{
register short BitNum;
register unsigned ByteNum;
register short CharRead;
unsigned InPtr,RepCount,PixelsData;
unsigned BytesToRead,PlaneNum;
unsigned ByteOffset,BitOffset;
BytesToRead=PCXData.Info.NumOfPlanes*PCXData.Info.BytesPerLin
e;
InPtr=0;
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do
{
CharRead=getc(InFile);
if(CharRead==EOF) return(FALSE);
if((CharRead & 0xC0)==0xC0)
{
RepCount=CharRead & ~0xC0;

CharRead=getc(InFile);
if(CharRead==EOF) return(FALSE);
while (RepCount--) ScanLine[InPtr++] = CharRead;
}
else
ScanLine[InPtr++]=CharRead;
} while (InPtr < BytesToRead);
return(TRUE);
}
unsigned InstallPCXFilePalette(void)
{
struct palettetype palette;
union REGS regs;
unsigned Index;
if(PCXData.PCXHeader.Version!=3)
{
if(Is256ColorFile)
{
for (Index=0;Index<MAX256PALETTECOLORS;Index++)
{
Color256Palette.Palette[Index].Red>>=2;
Color256Palette.Palette[Index].Green>>=2;
Color256Palette.Palette[Index].Blue>>=2;
}
regs.h.ah=0x10;
regs.h.al=0x12;
regs.x.bx=0;
regs.x.cx=MAX256PALETTECOLORS;
_ES=FP_SEG(&Color256Palette.Palette);
regs.x.dx=FP_OFF(&Color256Palette.Palette);

int86(VIDEO,&regs,&regs);
return(TRUE);
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}
else
{
palette.size=MAXPALETTECOLORS;
for (Index=0;Index<MAXPALETTECOLORS;Index++)
{
palette.colors[Index]=Index;
PCXData.Palette[Index].Red>>=2;
PCXData.Palette[Index].Green>>=2;
PCXData.Palette[Index].Blue>>=2;
}
regs.h.ah=0x10;
regs.h.al=0x12;
regs.x.bx=0;
regs.x.cx=MAXPALETTECOLORS;
_ES=FP_SEG(&PCXData.Palette);
int86(VIDEO,&regs,&regs);
setallpalette(&palette);
return(TRUE);
}
}
else return(FALSE);
}
void DisplayPCXFile(char *FileName,int Verbose)
{
int i;

BYTE far *PtrScreen;
register unsigned ScanNum;
register unsigned ColNum;
unsigned OffsetDisplay,BytePerLine;
int PCXError,color,Plane;
long CurrentPos;
if((PCXError=ReadPCXFileHdr(FileName,Verbose))!
=NoError)exit(PCXError);
if((PCXData.PCXHeader.X1!=0) || (PCXData.PCXHeader.Y1!=0))
{
printf("\nError PCC file not PCX file\n");
exit(EPCCFile);
}
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if(PCXData.PCXHeader.X2==319)
{
Set256ColorMode();
ImageWidth = 320;
ImageHeight= 200;
}
else
{
ImageWidth=640;
switch(PCXData.PCXHeader.Y2)
{
case 479: setgraphmode(VGAHI);
ImageHeight=480;break;
case 349: setgraphmode(VGAMED);
ImageHeight=350;break;

case 199: setgraphmode(VGALO);
ImageHeight=200;break;
}
}
CurrentPos=ftell(PCXFile);
fseek(PCXFile,-769,SEEK_END);
if(fread(&Color256Palette.ExtendedPalette,
sizeof(struct ExtendedPalette) ,1,PCXFile)==TRUE)
if(Color256Palette.ExtendedPalette==PCX256ColorTag)
Is256ColorFile=TRUE;
InstallPCXFilePalette();
fseek(PCXFile,CurrentPos,SEEK_SET);
for(ScanNum=0;ScanNum<ImageHeight;ScanNum++)
{
if(ExpandScanLine(PCXFile) != TRUE)
{
closegraph();
printf("\nScanLine corrupt in PCX file\n");
exit(ECorrupt);
}
PtrScreen=MK_FP(0xA000,0);
if(ImageWidth==320)
{
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OffsetDisplay=ScanNum*ImageWidth;
for (ColNum=0;ColNum<ImageWidth;ColNum++)
PtrScreen[OffsetDisplay++]=ScanLine[ColNum];
}
else

{
BytePerLine=PCXData.Info.BytesPerLine;
for(Plane=0;Plane<PCXData.Info.NumOfPlanes;Plane++)
{
outp(0x3C4,2);
outp(0x3C5,1<<Plane);
OffsetDisplay=ScanNum*BytePerLine;
for (ColNum=0;ColNum<BytePerLine;ColNum++)
PtrScreen[OffsetDisplay+
+]=ScanLine[Plane*BytePerLine+ColNum];
}
outp(0x3C4,2);
outp(0x3C5,0x0F);
}
}
putch(0x07);
fclose(PCXFile);
}
2. Nhóm chơng trình xử lý ảnh (viết trên Turbo C).
Thực hiện các chức năng cải thiện ảnh, phát hiện biên:
- PROCESS.H
- MESSAGE.H
- MAIN.C
MESSAGE.H
// Nội dung tệp message.h tạo giao diện trong môi trờng DOS //
extern void button(title st,int centre,int x1,int y1,int x2,
int y2,int v,int mtren,int mduoi,int mc,int mn);
extern char *fname;
//* ************************* *//
void manhinh(void)

{ km mang;int i;int ch;
button("",0,0,0,getmaxx(),30,2,15,8,12,RED);
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rectangle(0+2,0+2,getmaxx()-2,30-2);
button("Image Processing System ",200,0+2,0+2,getmaxx()-4,30-4,
1,8,15,0,WHITE);
button("",200,0,460,getmaxx(),getmaxy(),1,0,13,0,WHITE);
outtextxy(70,465,
"Chon: <ENTER> Di Chuyen: <Up><Down><Left><Right>
Thoat:<ESC>");
}
//* ************************* //
void WriteText(int *x,int *y,char *s)
{ settextjustify(1,1);
outtextxy(*x,*y,s);
settextjustify(0,2);
*x+=textwidth(s); }
//------------------------------------------------//
void ReadText(int *x,int *y,char *s)
{int i=0;char ch[2];
ch[1]=0;
while(1)
{ch[0]=getch();
if((ch[0]==ENTER)||(ch[0]==ESCAPE)) break;
settextjustify(1,1);
WriteText(x,y,ch);
settextjustify(0,2);
s[i]=ch[0];++i;
} s[i]=0;}

//------------------------------------------------//
void Message(char *st,char *st1,int thongtin)
{ int x,y,y1= 190;
void far *q; unsigned kt;
int trai= (getmaxx()/2)-(textwidth(st)/2)-10;
int cao= 100; int phai= (getmaxx()/2)+(textwidth(st)/2)+10;
kt= imagesize(trai,y1,phai,y1+cao);
if((q=(unsigned far*)farmalloc(kt))== NULL)
{outtextxy(70,465,"Kh«ng cßn vïng nhí cho cÊt mµn h×nh !");
exit(1);
}
getimage(trai,y1,phai,y1+cao,q);
button("",0,trai,y1,phai,y1+cao,2,15,15,0,7);
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rectangle(trai+1,y1+1,phai-1,y1+cao-1);
rectangle(trai+3,y1+3,phai-3,y1+cao-3);
y= y1+18;x= getmaxx()/2;
WriteText(&x,&y,st1);
y= y+textheight(st1)+19;x= getmaxx()/2;
WriteText(&x,&y,st);line(trai+3,y-13,phai-3,y-13);
if(thongtin==1)
{ y= y+textheight(st)+15; x= getmaxx()/2-30;
ReadText(&x,&y,fname);
}
getch();
putimage(trai,y1,q,COPY_PUT);
farfree((unsigned far*)q);
}
//------------------------------------------------------------//

void Warning(void)
{ int x,y,y1= 190;
char *st,*st1;
st=" *** Process Running - Please wait ! ***";
st1="WARNING !!!";
int trai= (getmaxx()/2)-(textwidth(st)/2)-10;
int cao= 80; int phai= (getmaxx()/2)+(textwidth(st)/2)+10;
button("",0,trai,y1,phai,y1+cao,2,15,15,0,7);
rectangle(trai+1,y1+1,phai-1,y1+cao-1);
rectangle(trai+3,y1+3,phai-3,y1+cao-3);
y= y1+22;x= getmaxx()/2;
WriteText(&x,&y,st1);
y= y+textheight(st1)+25;x= getmaxx()/2;
WriteText(&x,&y,st);line(trai+3,y-17,phai-3,y-17);
}
PROCESS.H
// Chứa các thao tác chính : Hiện ảnh, Lọc TB, Trung bình KG, Lọc
Trung vị,
//Lọc Sobel, Lọc Homomorphie
int Averaging(BYTE huge *Image,unsigned cotbd,unsigned
hangbd,unsigned rong, unsigned cao,unsigned avecol,
unsigned averow,double *matran);
void DipslayImageInBuf(BYTE huge *Image,unsigned hang,
Nhập môn xử lý ảnh số - ĐHBK Hà nội 27
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unsigned cot);
void DipslayPCXInBuf(BYTE huge *Image,unsigned hang,
unsigned cot);
BYTE ReadPixel(BYTE huge *Image,unsigned cot,unsigned hang);
void WritePixel(BYTE huge *Image,unsigned hang,unsigned

cot,unsigned color);
void MedianFilter(BYTE huge *Image,unsigned hangbd,unsigned
cotbd, unsigned rong,unsigned cao);
int Averaging(BYTE huge *Image,unsigned cotbd,unsigned hangbd,
unsigned rong, unsigned cao,unsigned avecol, unsigned averow,
double *matran);
int SpatialConvolution(BYTE huge *Image,unsigned cotbd,
unsigned hangbd, unsigned rong,unsigned cao, unsigned KernelCol,
unsigned KernelRow, short *Kernel);
extern void Error(unsigned OrderError);
extern void Message(char *st,char *st1,int thongtin);
void Threshold(BYTE huge *Image,unsigned col,unsigned row,
unsigned rong,unsigned cao);
//**************************************************//
//HiÓn thÞ ¶nh BMP //
void DipslayImageInBuf(BYTE huge *Image,unsigned hang,unsigned
cot)
{ int i,j;
unsigned long p;
p= 0;
for(i= cot;i>0;i--)
for(j=0;j< hang;j++)
{
putpixel(j,i,Image[p++]);
}
}
//******************************************************//
//§äc 1 pixel tõ buffer
BYTE ReadPixel(BYTE huge *Image,unsigned cot,unsigned hang)
{unsigned long p;

p= hang;
p*= chieurong;
p+= cot;
return(Image[p]);}
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//Ghi 1 pixel vào buffer
void WritePixel(BYTE huge *Image,unsigned hang,unsigned
cot,unsigned color)
{ unsigned long p;
if ((cot<=chieurong) && (hang<=chieucao))
{ p= hang;
p*= chieurong;
p+= cot;
Image[p]= color;
}
else
{ Error(16);
getch();
}
}
void SortPixel(BYTE *a)
// Sắp xếp thứ tự hai pixels
{ BYTE i,j,tg;
for(i= 0;i<8;i++)
for(j=i;j<9;j++)
if(a[i]<a[j])
{ tg= a[i];a[i]= a[j];a[j]= tg;}
}
// Lọc trung vị (medianfilter)-lọc phi tuyến //

void MedianFilter(BYTE huge *Image,unsigned hangbd,unsigned
cotbd, unsigned rong,unsigned cao)
{ register unsigned i,j,k,l,pixelindex;
BYTE *pixelvalues;
pixelvalues=(BYTE *)calloc(9,(unsigned)sizeof(BYTE));
if(pixelvalues==NULL)
{Error(16);
getch();exit(0);}
for(i=hangbd;i<cao-1;i++) //maxy
{
for (j=cotbd;j<rong-1;j++) //maxx
{
pixelindex= 0;
for(k=0;k<3;k++)
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for(l=0;l<3;l++)
pixelvalues[pixelindex++]=ReadPixel(Image,j+k,i+l);
SortPixel(pixelvalues);//sap xep*/
WritePixel(Image,i,j,pixelvalues[5]);//doc 9 ghi 1
}
} //end of for
free(pixelvalues);
}
//***************************************************//
// Läc trung b×nh träng sè (Spatial Averaging)
int Averaging(BYTE huge *Image,unsigned cotbd,unsigned
hangbd,unsigned rong,
unsigned cao,unsigned avecol, unsigned averow,double *matran)
{ register unsigned i,j,k,l;//lc=(avecol+1)/2;

double *AvePtr;
double tong;
for(i=hangbd;i<cao;i++)
for (j=cotbd;j<rong;j++)
{
tong= 0;
AvePtr= matran;
for(k=0;k<avecol;k++)
for(l=0;l<averow;l++)
tong+=(ReadPixel(Image,j-k+2,i-l+2)*(*AvePtr++));
tong=fabs(tong);//10 la tham so chia cac gia tri cua loc
WritePixel(Image,i,j,(BYTE)tong);//doc 9 ghi 1
} //end of for
return(0);
}
// ***************************************************//
// Läc Spatial Convolution
int SpatialConvolution(BYTE huge *Image,unsigned cotbd,unsigned
hangbd, unsigned rong,unsigned cao,unsigned KernelCol, unsigned
KernelRow, short *Kernel)
{ register unsigned i,j,k,l;
short *KernelPtr;
long tong;
for(i=hangbd;i<cao;i++)
for (j=cotbd;j<rong;j++)
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{
tong= 0L;
KernelPtr= Kernel;

for(k=0;k<KernelCol;k++)
for(l=0;l<KernelRow;l++)
tong+=(ReadPixel(Image,j-k+2,i- l+2)*(*KernelPtr++));
tong= labs(tong);
tong= (tong<0) ? 0:tong;
tong= (tong>64) ? 64:tong; //max 63 vi day la anh 16 mau
WritePixel(Image,i,j,(BYTE)tong);//doc 9 ghi 1
} //end of for
return(0);
}
int Max(int value1, int value2)
{
return ((value1 > value2) ? value1 : value2);
}
/ /* Läc Sobel lµm tr¬n c¹nh //
int EdgeDetect(BYTE huge *Image,unsigned cotbd,unsigned hangbd,
unsigned rong,unsigned cao)
{ register unsigned i,j;unsigned A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H,I;
unsigned LineAEIAveAbove,LineAEIAveBelow,LineAEIMaxDif;
unsigned LineBEHAveAbove, LineBEHAveBelow,
LineBEHMaxDif;
unsigned LineCEGAveAbove,LineCEGAveBelow,
LineCEGMaxDif;
unsigned LineDEFAveAbove,LineDEFAveBelow,
LineDEFMaxDif;
unsigned MaxDif;
cotbd+= 1;hangbd+= 1;rong-= 2; cao-= 2;
rong= rong+cotbd; cao= cao+hangbd;
for(i=hangbd;i<cao;i++)
for (j=cotbd;j<rong;j++)

{ A= ReadPixel(Image,j-1,i-1);
B= ReadPixel(Image,j,i-1);
C= ReadPixel(Image,j+1,i-1);
D= ReadPixel(Image,j-1,i);
E= ReadPixel(Image,j,i);
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F= ReadPixel(Image,j+1,i);
G= ReadPixel(Image,j-1,i+1);
H= ReadPixel(Image,j,i+1);
I= ReadPixel(Image,j+1,i+1);
// Tính các giá trị sai phân //
LineAEIAveBelow= (D+G+H)/3;
LineAEIAveAbove= (B+C+F)/3;
LineAEIMaxDif= abs(LineAEIAveBelow- LineAEIAveAbove);
LineBEHAveBelow= (A+D+G)/3;
LineBEHAveAbove= (C+F+I)/3;
LineBEHMaxDif= abs(LineBEHAveBelow- LineBEHAveAbove);
LineCEGAveBelow= (F+H+I)/3;
LineCEGAveAbove= (A+B+D)/3;
LineCEGMaxDif= abs(LineCEGAveBelow- LineCEGAveAbove);
LineDEFAveBelow= (G+H+I)/3;
LineDEFAveAbove= (A+B+C)/3;
LineDEFMaxDif= abs(LineDEFAveBelow- LineDEFAveAbove);
/*Tìm giá trị lớn nhất*/
MaxDif= Max(LineAEIMaxDif,LineBEHMaxDif);
MaxDif= Max(LineCEGMaxDif,MaxDif);
MaxDif= Max(LineDEFMaxDif,MaxDif);
if (MaxDif>=16)
WritePixel(Image,i,j,63);

else
WritePixel(Image,i,j,E);
} //end of for
return(0);
}
// Lọc Hommomorphic - Lọc đồng hình
//
void Homomorphic(BYTE huge *Image,unsigned hangbd,unsigned
cotbd, unsigned rong, unsigned cao, double *matran)
{ register unsigned i,j,k,l,i1,j1;
double *matranptr;
double tong;t=0;
// Lấy logarit cho tất cả các điểm ảnh //
for(i=hangbd;i<cao;i++)
for (j=cotbd;j<rong;j++)
{ tong= ReadPixel(Image,j,i);
Nhập môn xử lý ảnh số - ĐHBK Hà nội 32
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if(tong<=0) tong=0.1;
tong= log(tong);tong= fabs(tong);
WritePixel(Image,i,j,(BYTE)tong);
}
for(i=hangbd+1;i<cao-1;i++)
{ tientrinh(i);i1=i-1;
for (j=cotbd+1;j<rong-1;j++)
{
tong= 0.0;j1=j-1;
matranptr= matran;
for(k=0;k<3;k++)
for(l=0;l<3;l++)

tong+=(ReadPixel(Image,j1+k,i1+l)*(*matranptr++));
tong= exp(tong);
tong=fabs(tong);
tong/=(double)(1<<0);
tong= (tong<0) ? 0:tong;
tong= (tong>255) ? 255:tong; //max lµ 63 v× lµ ¶nh 16 mµu
WritePixel(Image,i1,j1,(BYTE)tong);//doc 9 ghi 1
} //end of for
}
}
//==============================================//
void Addnoise(BYTE huge *theImage)
{
register i,r;
for(i=0;i<1000;i++)
{theImage[(long)random(chieucao)*chieurong+random(chieurong)] =
200+random(20);
putpixel(r+rand()%chieurong,r+59+rand()%chieucao,200+random(20));
}
}
// TÝnh Histogram cña ¶nh //
void TinhHisto(BYTE huge *Image,unsigned rong,unsigned cao,
long HISTO[])
{ register unsigned i,j;
for(i = 0; i < 256; i++) HISTO[i] = 0;
for(i = 0; i < cao; i++)
for(j = 0; j < rong; j++)
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HISTO[Image[(long)i * rong +j]]++;

return ;
}
//===========================================//
// HiÖn Histogram //
void VeHisto(long HISTO[], unsigned X, unsigned Y,BYTE New)
{ long MaxPixel = 0;
register unsigned i;
for(i = 0; i< 235; i++)
if(HISTO[i] > MaxPixel) MaxPixel = HISTO[i];
setcolor(15);
for(i = 0;i < 235; i++)
{
line(X+i,Y, X+i, Y-(int)400*HISTO[i]/(2.5*MaxPixel));
}
unsigned y1=397; unsigned x1=381;
line(x1,y1,626,y1);
line(626,2,626,y1);
setcolor(0);
line(x1,2,626,2);
line(x1,2,x1,y1);
if(New!= 1)
{
setcolor(15);line(x1,Y+26,626,Y+26);
setcolor(0);line(x1,Y+27,626,Y+27);
outtextxy(x1,Y+6," 0 127 255");
outtextxy(x1,Y+16," P/I Histogram Origin");
} else
{
outtextxy(x1,Y+6," 0 127 255");
outtextxy(x1,Y+16," P/I Histogram New");

}
return ;
}
// BiÕn ®æi lîc ®å //
void HistoModify(BYTE huge *Image,unsigned rong,unsigned cao,
long HISTO[])
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{ register int i,j,l,k;
unsigned Limited,Tansuat;
long Heso,TotalPixel,HIS[256];
unsigned char LUT[256];
TinhHisto(Image,rong,cao,HISTO);
for (l = 0; l < 256; l++)
LUT[l] = l;
Limited = 256;
TotalPixel = (long)rong*cao;
Tansuat = TotalPixel / Limited;
for(l = 0; l < 256; l++)
{ Heso = 0;
for(k = 0; k < l; k++)
Heso += HISTO[k];
Heso += HISTO[l]/2;
LUT[l] = Heso/Tansuat;
}
for(l=0;l<256;l++)
HIS[l] = 0;
for(l=0;l<256;l++)
HIS[LUT[l]] += HISTO[l];
//T¹o b¶ng mµu møc x¸m;

for(i = 0; i < cao; i++)
for(j = 0; j < rong; j++)
{
if(chieurong>=640)putpixel(j/1.7, i/1.2, LUT[Image[(long) i * rong +
j]]/16);
else
if((chieurong>=512)&&(chieucao>=480))
putpixel(j/1.35,i/1.2,LUT[Image[(long)i * chieurong + j]]/16);
else putpixel(j, i, LUT[Image[(long) i * rong + j]]/16);
}
VeHisto(HIS,384,370,1);
return ;
}
/*=============================================*/
void CallHistoModify(BYTE huge *Image)
{
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