Reported speech: Cách đổi từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp

REPORTED SPEECH
O L W E N

B U I

( N G U Y E T . M O O N . 3 6 9 @ G M A I L . C O M )


CONTENTS
After the lesson, the student is expected to be able to understand:
1. What a reported speech is

2. What a reported speech is used for
3. How to change from a direct speech sentence to a reported speech sentence


REPORTED SPEECH
SAM

PETER

ALICE


DIRECT SPEECH

REPORTED SPEECH
Peter said (that)
he was busy.

Direct speech is used to

convey the exact words
what someone said.

Reported speech is used to convey the general
meaning of what someone said, making some changes
to his or her precise words.


POINT OUT DIFFERENCES BETWEEN DIRECT
AND REPORTED SPEECH - REPORTING VERBS
Valerie said, ‘I miss my sister.’
Valerie said to me, ‘I miss my sister.’
Valerie told me, ‘I miss my sister.’

Valerie said (that) she missed her sister.
Valerie said to me (that) she missed her sister.
Valerie told me (that) she missed her sister.


POINT OUT DIFFERENCES BETWEEN
DIRECT AND REPORTED SPEECH
pronoun

possessive adjective

Brian said, ‘I’m going to wear my new jacket.’
Brian said (that) he was going to wear his new jacket.’

Changes in pronouns and possessive adj

PRONOUNS – POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES
Number

Personal Pronoun
(as Subject)

Personal Pronoun
(as Object)

Possessive
Adjective

Possessive
Pronoun

Reflexive
Pronoun

Singular

I

Me

My

Mine

Myself

You (2)

You

Your

Yours

Yourself

She

Her

Her

Hers

Herself

He

Him

His

His

Himself

It

It

Its

Its

Itself

We

Us

Our

Ours

Ourselves

You (3+)

You

Your

Yours

Yourselves

They

Them

Their

Theirs

Themselves

Plural


E V E RY – S O M E – A N Y – N O
Every

Some

Any

No

Body

Everybody

Somebody

Anybody

Nobody

One

Everyone

Someone

Anyone

No one

Thing

Everything

Something

Anything

Nothing

Where

Everywhere

Somewhere

Anywhere

Nowhere


POINT OUT DIFFERENCES BETWEEN DIRECT
AND REPORTED SPEECH - PRESENT TENSES
Alice says she hates horror films.
Alice said, ‘I hate horror films.’
Mark said, ‘I’m looking for a new job.’
Lynne said, ‘I’ve never riden a horse.’
Nigel said, ‘I’ve been waiting for hours.’

Alice said (that) she hated horror films.
Mark said (that) he was looking for a new job.
Lynne said (that) she had never ridden a horse.
Nigel said (that) he had been waiting for hours.


POINT OUT DIFFERENCES BETWEEN DIRECT
A N D R E P O R T E D S P E E C H – PA S T T E N S E S
Erica said (that) Sam had arrived (past perfect) at five.
Erica said, ‘Sam arrived (past) at five.’
Bill said (that) he hadn’t been listening.
Bill said, ‘I wasn’t listening.’

Megan said (that) she had already left.
Megan said, ‘I had already left.’
Stuart said, ‘I had been sleeping for six hours.’ Stuart said (that) he had been sleeping for six hours.

BAC K I N T I M E W H E N S H I F T I N G F RO M
DIRECT SPEECH TO REPORTED SPEECH
Past simple
Present simple
Past perfect

Present perfect

Present cont.

Past cont.

Present perfect cont.
Past perfect cont.


POINT OUT DIFFERENCES BETWEEN
DIRECT AND REPORTED SPEECH

Clarissa said, ‘I’ll be back at six.’
Nick said, ‘I’m going to have a party.’

Clarissa said (that) she would be back at six.
Nick said (that) he was going to have a party.


POINT OUT DIFFERENCES BETWEEN
DIRECT AND REPORTED SPEECH

Zoe said, ‘I can’t help you.’

Adam said, ‘I may be late.’

Zoe said (that) she couldn’t help me.
Adam said (that) he might be late.

Juliet said, ‘I must work harder.’

Juliet said (that) she had to work harder.

Charlie said, ‘You needn’t call her.’

Charlie said (that) I needn’t/didn’t need to call her.

Lydia said, ‘I want to see the film.’

Lydia said (that) she wanted to see the film.


WHEN VERB TENSES REMAIN
UNCHANGED?
• Past continuous
• Modal verbs (could, would, might, ought to, should, mustn’t)
• Must (express a logical conclusion)
• Reporting verbs in the present/future tense

• General truth/fact that continues to apply
• I wish/if only
• Second/third conditionals

TIME MARKERS

Then/at that moment
that day
that night
that year

the day before
the previous day
a month before
the week before
the previous week

Ibtisam said, “I am studying English now.”
Ibtisam said she was studying English at that moment.
Ibtisam said, “I bought a new book last week.”
Ibtisam said she had bought a new book the week before/the previous week.

the next/following day
the following year


TIME MARKERS

Lesley told me, ‘I’m meeting him tomorrow.’
Lesley told me she was meeting him the following day.


OTHER WORDS
• This → that; these → those

‘This book is very interesting,’ he said ➔ He said (that) that book was very
interesting.
• Here → there
‘I’ll be here at five,’ he said. ➔ He said he’d be there at five.

• Come → go
‘I won’t come to the party,’ he said ➔ He said he wouldn’t go to the party.


REPORTING VERBS
• Agree, demand, offer, promise, refuse, threaten + to V


REPORTING VERBS


REPORTING VERBS


REPORTING VERBS