IR 4.0 OPPORTUNITIES FOR HEALTHCARE SECTOR IN VIET NAM.

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING
FOREIGN TRADE UNIVERSITY

MASTER THESIS

IR 4.0: OPPORTUNITIES FOR HEALTHCARE
SECTOR IN VIET NAM

Specialization: Master of Research in International Economics

DINH THI HONG HANH

Hanoi – 2020


MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING
FOREIGN TRADE UNIVERSITY

MASTER THESIS
IR 4.0: OPPORTUNITIES FOR HEALTHCARE
SECTOR IN VIET NAM

Major: International Economics
Specialization: Master of Research in International Economics
Code: 1806410005

Full name: Dinh Thi Hong Hanh
Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Tu Thuy Anh

Hanoi – 2020

i

TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS....................................................................iv
LIST OF FIGURE AND TABLE................................................................................vi
ABSTRACT.....................................................................................................................1
INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................................2
CHAPTER 1- APPLICATIONS OF INDUSTRY 4.0 IN HEALTHCARE...........5
1.1 The fourth industrial revolution........................................................................5
1.2 Healthcare 4.0.....................................................................................................12
1.2.1. Robot.........................................................................................................12
1.2.2 Three-dimensional model..........................................................................12
1.2.3. Internet of things......................................................................................12
1.2.4. Big data.....................................................................................................13
1.2.5. Artificial intelligence................................................................................13
1.3. Overview of healthcare system in Vietnam...................................................22
CHAPTER 2- OPPORTUNITIES OF INDUSTRY 4.O FOR HEALTHCARE
SECTOR IN VIETNAM............................................................................................24
2.1 Vietnam under Industry 4.0..............................................................................24
2.2. Healthcare digital technology in Vietnam...................................................28
2.2.1 Vietnam proposes the route of making hospitals intelligent...................28
2.2.2 Health ID issued to citizens......................................................................29
2.2.3 Digitalisation of healthcare feild, double-edged sword.........................30
2.2.4 Affairs on high-teach healthcare complex beginning in Hanoi............32
2.3. Hospital digitalization.......................................................................................34
2.3.1. Medical examination treatment management..........................................34
2.3.1.1. Increase of healthcare on demand.....................................................35
2.3.1.2 Mobile application technology is personalized..................................36
2.3.1.2.1 Searching by voice.........................................................................36

2.3.1.2.2 Development of wearable medical devices...................................37
2.2.1.3 Artificial Intelligence...........................................................................37
2.2.1.3.1 AI and forecast analytics..............................................................37


4
i
2.3.1.3.2 Wonders of Artificial Iintelligence......................................................38
2.3.1.4

Blockchain.........................................................................................39

2.3.1.4.1 Blockchain and promise of better electronic health record..............39
2.3.1.4.2 Blockchain in Healthcare...................................................................40
2.3.1.4.3 Blockchain integration.......................................................................41
2.3.1.5

Virtual Reality....................................................................................42
2.3.1.5.1 Interaction environment....................................................................42
2.3.1.5.2 Patient treatment by virtual reality....................................................43

2.3.2

Hospital Digitalization in Viet Nam.......................................................44
2.3.2.1 Hospital going digital............................................................................44
2.3.2.2 Government support for digitalisation in healthcare...........................48

2.4. Opportunity of utilizing big data in healthcare...............................................50
2.4.1

Benefits of Cloud computing for healthcare.....................................51
2.4.1.1 Unlimited capacity.................................................................................52
2.4.1.2 Reliable broadening capacity...............................................................52
2.4.1.3. Seamless cooperation...........................................................................52
2.4.1.4. System security increase......................................................................53
2.4.1.5.Accessing AI and Machine Learning.................................................53
2.4.1.6. Remote care opportunity.....................................................................53
2.4.1.7 Advantages of data orientation for medical insurance.......................54

2.5. Strengthening healthcare sociallization.............................................................55
2.5.1

Vision.......................................................................................................58

2.5.2

Implementation.......................................................................................60

CHAPTER 3 – EXPERRIENCES OF APPLYING INDUSTRY 4.0 IN
HEALTHCARE IN SELECTED COUNTRIES....................................................68
3.1. Hospital digitalization in US
3.1.1 IoT concept involves digitalization of medical products and related care
processes
70
3.1.2 Mobile devices and applications into helthcare......................................71
3.1.3 Big data in medical system management.................................................73
3.1.4 New digital health consultant generation................................................76


3.2. Integrated care model based on capacities of IR 4.0 in Weston european 78

3.2.1 Care 4.0......................................................................................................78
3.2. 2 Healthcare policies...................................................................................79
3.2.2.1 Academic merging co-design in Scotland...........................................81
3.2.2.2 Building faith in systems and in the whole population.......................83
3.2.2.3. Activating renovation culture..............................................................83
3.3. Socializing healthcare in China..........................................................................99
3.4 Digitalisation of healthcare: digital health enablers in Vietnam.................106
CHAPTER 4- INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES IN VIETNAM'S DIGITAL
HEALTHCARE..........................................................................................................114
4.1. Policy and management: Adjusting our society to change fast in the
medical and healthcare ecosystem.......................................................................114
4.2. Incresasing many investments into Information technology...................115
4.3 Policy and technology renovation challenges in healthcare 4.0...............117
CONCLUSION...........................................................................................................121
REFERRENCES.........................................................................................................122


6

ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
TERM

DEFINITION

AI

Artificial Intelligence

IoT

Internet of Things

ILO

International Labour Organization

STEM

Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics

VR

Virtual Reality

CPS

Cyber Physical System

IOS

Internet of Services

SERP

Smart Enterprise Resource Planning

IR

Industrial Revolution

GSO

General Statistics Office

ICT

Information and Communications Technology

ASEAN

Association of South East Asian Nations

MOH

The Ministry of Health

CRM

Customer Relationship Management

DHI

Digital Health and Care Institute

HMO

Health Maintenance Organization

MIP

Ministry of Planning and Investment

CIEM

Central Institute for Economic Management

VHEA

Viet Nam Health Economics Association

EHR

Electronic Health Record

CMS

Medicare and Medical Services

BMI

Business Monitor International

CDC

Centers for Disease Control

GIS

Geographic Information Coalition

CHCs

Commune Health Centers

TCF

Textiles, Clothing and Footwear

E&E

Electronic and Electric


MOOCs

Massive Online Open Course

AIC

Asia Internet Coalition

AWS

Amazon Web Services

DA

Doctor Anywhere’s

VR

Virtual Reality

CAGR

Compound Annual Growth Rate

mIoT

Medical Internet of Things

NLP

Natural Language Processing

LOINC

Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes

US

United States

UK

United Kingdom


LIST OF FIGURE AND TABLE
Figure 1.1: Capabilities of Industry 4.0 in the medical field IoT, Internet of

things
..............................................................................................................................
14
Table 3.1: The 4.0 toolset applied across care organization...............................90


9
ABSTRACT

The fourth industrial revolution is currently proceeding and is expected to
significantly affect the way individuals live and in result change the society in
various aspects. The ICT-based convergence industries of the fourth industrial
revolution contain various fields. This thesis examines the researches done in fourth
industrial revolution in medical field. This study also suggests necessary contents in
the fourth industrial revolution to be focused on for further research in this field.


INTRODUCTION

1. The importance of the study
Vietnam’s healthcare landscape is changing. The country’s strong economic and
population growth is creating a new middle class which is demanding

higher-

quality medical treatment. These affluent, digitally-literate consumers are spending
more on their healthcare, leading to a rise in demand for private providers and
digital health services. The population of Vietnam is not just becoming richer. It is
also growing older. This is resulting in a shift in the burden of disease from
communicable to non-communicable conditions like diabetes and cancer. These noncommunicable conditions require coordinated, long-term care solutions. Meanwhile,

Vietnam is embracing the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Internet access is widespread
and the country has seen rapid development in 4G and 5G mobile communication
technologies. Building on these foundations, the government of Vietnam is driving a
digitalisation agenda in hospitals and clinics across the country. Smart solutions are
being strongly encouraged that utilise big data, artificial intelligence (AI), cloud
computing and mobile technology to help alleviate Vietnam’s overcrowded public
hospitals and increase quality of care. Together, these factors are opening up new
opportunities for companies in Vietnam’s digital healthcare space. We looks at the
enablers for the adoption of digital healthcare solutions in the country, as well as
some of the difficulties that face new market entrants. The report gives an overview
of Vietnam’s healthcare landscape – including its challenges and opportunities – and
describes the main domestic and international players already operating in the
market. It also includes key commercial opportunities available for companies as
well as some tips on doing business in Vietnam’s emerging digital health sector.
In area-wise research on Industry 4.0 in medical, we observed that the computer
science area provides the maximum contribution of 31% in total research
publications. However, the overall engineering field contributes 25%; decision
sciences and mathematics contributing 11% each; business, management and accounting 6%; materials science 4%; biochemistry, genetics and molecular biology


2% and other fields 10%, which includes energy, health professions, pharmacology,
toxicology and pharmaceutics, physics and astronomy, psychology and social
sciences. Industry4.0 in the medical field is increasing and research

and

development are progressing towards providing commercially viable and acceptable
solutions for the medical field. Industry4.0 in the medical field is increasing and
research and development are progressing towards providing commercially viable
and acceptable solutions for the medical field. Industry 4.0 focuses on the design

and manufacturing and helps perform different cases precisely. Industry 4.0 provides
extensive contributions in the medical field with the help of innovative designing and
smart manufacturing system. Industry 4.0 provides excellent flexibility to create
smart industrial and medical models which help to improve communication between
doctors and patients. In future, Industry 4.0 will move towards mass production
systems and adapt to the world-class manufacturing system. It enables to create
smarter medical products in lesser time and cost. This revolution will change all
management and

treatment system of the patient.

With

the help of smart

manufacturing technologies, medical students can be well trained to detect problems
and correlate them to take future action. In the medical field,it can help to increase
overall performance by providing a digitally controlled management system to the
patients. It provides precise surgery to the patient by the applications of additive
manufacturing, sensors, holography, robots, AI, big data and IoT devices. Industry
4.0 bringing upon innovation with the help of holography and visual reality. Doctors
and surgeons can take advantages of this revolution for research, development and
excellent service to the patient. In the upcoming years, it will provide disruptive
innovations to the medical field.
2. Research question and Objectives of the study
The study has two main objectives:
-

Firstly, Fourth Industrial Revolution

-

Secondly, opportunities of Industry 4.0 for healthcare in Vietnam

To get above objectives, the study addresses 3 issues:
-

Development of Industry 4.0 in Vietnam


-

Experience of countries: US, China

-

How does Industry 4.0 bring opportunities and solutions in medical field in
Vietnam?

3. Subjects, scope and data of the study
Subject of the study: Vietnam is embracing the Fourth Industrial Revolution.
Health and healthcare solutions in the Fourth Industrial in Vietnam
Scope of the study: US, China, Europe, Vietnam
By using secondary data from reliable sources such as Ministry of Health,
Ministry Science and Technology from government and enterprise.
4. Methodology
To reach the objectives, the author uses combination of research methodologies:
-

Researching on primary and secondary documents to have the theoretical

basis, such as curriculums, research papers, science reports and so on.

-

Descriptive statistics method: After collecting data from reliable sources, the
author proceeds to arrange, analyze and compare data as well as other
documents to have a particular and a concision

5. Structure of the study
- Chapter 1: Applications of industry 4.0 in healthcare
- Chapter 2: Opportunity of Industry 4.0 for healthcare in Vietnam
-

Chapter 3: Experiences of applying Industry 4.0 in healthcare in selected

countries
- Chapter 4: Investment opportunities in Vietnam’s digital healthcare


CHAPTER 1- APPLICATIONS OF INDUSTRY 4.0 IN
HEALTHCARE
1.1 The fourth industrial revolution
The Fourth Industrial revolution, like the others before, was born in
manufacturing connecting everything to the internet, generating data across the
whole process, and using advanced analytics to support completely new products
and service models
Focusing first on a Smart Factory, the initial premise was to create a better
connected production line and generate decision support to workers to keep the line
running at maximum efficiency, removing waste, and minimizing costs. Over time
the quality and configuration of products could be changed more flexibly.

Connectivity then expanded outside of the factory to other factories to optimize
stock levels and ordering. Industry 4.0 now includes full value chain monitoring,
including how the product is used, delivered, and maintained, creating a feedback
loop to design and build and target products better in the future, keeping businesses
competitive in a fast-evolving marketplace. This revolution must meet needs at a
massive industrial scale and is projected to be worth $214 billion by 2023.
The Industry 4.0 toolset includes :
•

Cyber Physical System (CPS)—a connected, automated device, capable of

learning from and effecting the physical environment, that is intelligent and
responsive and can act independently (e.g., self-diagnosing problems) or
interdependently with humans or other CPSs to achieve efficiencies or resolve
issues.
•

Internet of Things (IOT)—the network over which CPSs can connect to the

internet and to each other in a secure, auditable manner.
•

Internet of Services (IOS)—when devices are networked over the IOT, new

services focusing on logistics, intelligence, automation and prediction are possible.
•

Smart Factory—the combination of cyber-physical systems and humans,

connected through the internet of things with support from the internet of services,

monitor production processes, and make de-centralized decisions as part of an


interdependent network. The factory management is orchestrated via smart enterprise
resource planning (SERP) systems and supported by human and virtual agents to
develop product that is responsive in real time to demand, market conditions, and
value chain (e.g., logistics) feedback.
The toolset applied within the context of manufacturing and provides a
baseline capability map for an overarching ‘4.0’ toolset which can be applied to
different sectors and delivery models. Subsequent sections will consider other
applications of this toolset in emerging next generation models of health and social
care. For these discussions the ‘smart factory’ has been jointly labelled a ‘virtual
agent’ to allow the concept to better cross sectors. The largely automated intelligent
oversight of an interconnected system is a ‘smart factory’ in a manufacturing
context, but in a care setting it is more likely to be a virtual assistant that translates
between the system and the people within it, wherever they are.
Since the World Economic Forum’s action on Industry 4.0, many people have
attempted to respond to the early challenge and opportunity. The concept is still
maturing, with discussion around the difficulty of defining this complex web of
technologies and principles. Contributors instead characterize Industry 4.0 through
several different lenses. For example, arguing that it can only be fully characterized
by the changing the way organizations, business models and markets work to
optimize the benefits from the technology. A second characterization looks at how the
relationships between actors differs from previous revolutions—with the first and
second revolutions operating as a centralized network, the third revolution as a
decentralized network with multiple, powerful hubs, while the fourth revolution will
constitute a distributed network made up of interconnected nodes with equal power.
The implications are that given the way the connected value chain reaches well
beyond the physical confines of a factory, these technologies will change how
society organizes itself, with power and assets redistributed (though not necessarily

for societal good).


Countries all around the world are now standing on the brink

of

h

technological revolution, commonly called the Industrial Revolution (IR) 4.0. Asia &
Pacific region is the case in point, and most particularly Viet Nam, where rapid
technology innovation and adoption at the workplace are diffusing faster than ever
before, with some variations across sectors. This policy briefs introduces some of
the opportunities and challenges for the world of work.
What is IR 4.0?
Previous industrial revolutions have been characterised by the adoption of
various techniques for production. “The First Industrial Revolution used water and
steam power to mechanize production. The Second used electric power to create
mass production. The Third used electronics and information

technology

to

automate production. Now a Fourth Industrial Revolution is building on the Third
with the digital revolution occurring since the middle of the last century. It is
characterized by a fusion of technologies that is blurring the lines between the
physical, digital, and biological spheres. In its broad definition, IR 4.0 is
characterised by rapid technological advancement through increased use of mobile
communication and interconnectivity (‘internet of things’), big data, artificial

intelligence, robotics, autonomous vehicles, 3D printing, Nano and biotechnology,
quantum computing etc. What could be the impacts of IR 4.0 in the world of work in
Viet Nam? With the transformation of entire systems of production, management and
governance, the IR 4.0 offers a wide spectrum of opportunities and challenges in the
world of work, with direct and indirect impacts on sectors across the economy
(agriculture, industry and services) as well as categories of workers including the
most vulnerable groups (youth, women etc.).
Technology as creator and transformer of jobs
Technological advances can support structural transformation of the economy
(shift away from the agriculture to the manufacturing and services sectors) by
facilitating labour mobility of workers across sectors and occupations and/ or easing
work by lifting up workers from cumbersome tasks.


In the agriculture sector, the adoption of mechanisation is key for labour
productivity increases and the diversification of the rural economy With two thirds of
the labour force in rural areas, employment in agriculture, forestry and fishery sector
is widespread, accounting for roughly 40 percent of total employment in 2017.
While the sector’s growth has slowed down over the last decades, there is still some
great untapped. GSO potential in off-farm activities and diversification in the nonagriculture sector in rural areas with productivity gains arising from mechanisation”.
For example, the expansion of e-agriculture5 has the potential to enhance agriculture,
forestry and fishery outputs and foster rural development through the emergence of
“green jobs”6. Within the manufacturing sector, adoption of technology
advancements has the potential to shift workers to higher skilled occupations with
higher productivity. The ILO report “ASEAN in transformation: How technology is
changing jobs and enterprises transformation” indicates that majority of total
employment in the manufacturing sector, particularly in the textiles, clothing and
footwear (TCF) and electronic and electric (E&E) sectors, will be impacted by IR
4.0. While high-tech has not yet completely entered the industries, there are some
signs of penetration in industries. Trade, foreign direct investment and associated

technology have all contributed to productivity growth.

In those industries,

significant changes in the medium to long term are most likely to occur due to
disruptive technologies, for example in 3D printing technology, industrial robots,
Internet of Things (iv) computeraid designs, and body scanners etc.7 In turn,
subsectors in engineering, transport and infrastructure will likely boost demand for
jobs. The digital revolution has the potential to shift workers to more
customeroriented jobs in the service sector . Technology advancement also leads to
a rise of the “gig economy” where a number of jobs are increasing being performed
through online platforms (Uber, Grab, e-commerce). Ultimately, the adoption of
new technology innovations could improve workplace safety, increase productivity,
wages and stimulate aggregate demand, combined with anticipated increase of FDI
inflow and easier access to major export markets arising from FTAs, particularly
CPTPP and EU-Viet Nam FTA, once ratified. As productivity increase and working


conditions improve, this can further lead to a reduction of working hours and
creation of more leisure services and products. Ensuring workers’ protection and
decent work in the context of the IR4.0 Technology per se is neither good nor bad
as technology cannot automate all tasks that require for example perception and
manipulation, creative intelligence and social intelligence. Therefore, supporting
workers and their protection in this process of rapid changes remains crucial. In
particular, the importance of the informal economy together with the rise of
casualization and nonstandard forms of employment put concerns on workers’
protection and the quality of employment as the employment relationship
(employer/employee) becomes more blurry.
How to maximize the use of IR 4.0? Some
examples

Agriculture sector:
Technological advancement has been used in multiple ways in the agriculture
sector in developed economies through increased use of technology and
mechanisation

in

production

to

increase

agricultural

productivity

(direct

contribution) or through the use of ICT as a tool to empower farmers to take
informed decisions (indirect contribution). Specific examples of using ICT include
the use of smartphone mobile apps in agriculture, the

use

of

Geographic

Information Systems (GIS) for farming and fishing or satellite technologies and

other agronomy sciences that increased significantly agriculture and fishing outputs.
Consumers and producers are also increasingly aware and conscious of ecological
matters, fair trade and the importance of agricultural biological products with their
specific characteristics as opposed to chemical products and mass production. The
use of ICT to promote these biological and organic products is often used to sale
and promote quality products together with a range of strategies

including

packaging, sizing and pricing.
Industries:
The use of high-tech technologies is most commonly found in industries. In
industrialised economies, technologies have been used in multiple ways in order to


boost efficiency (both quality and quantity) and raise productivity. As examples,
successful Asian economies like Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan and Malaysia have
achieved their economic miracles with strong industrial development policies that
placed a strategic focus on specific export-oriented sectors. In all cases, education
and training policies have prepared the labour force for entry into targeted industries,
by helping to absorb the know-how and technology from the rest of the world and to
diversify into new and more sophisticated products. In Singapore, for example, the
share of high-skill and technology-intensive manufacturing exports represents almost
50% of the workforce.
Service sectors:
The use of mobiles devices and increased widespread access to internet has
fundamentally changed the world of work. The rise of the gig economy, digital
platform, freelancing and ecommerce, bring up new forms of work that can be
performed remotely (or partly). They also significantly contributed to expand
markets beyond borders by connecting an increasing number of people. On-line

learning is increasingly used to foster skills’ development throughout the life cycle.
For example, the use of online courses such as MOOCs (Massive Online Open
Course) expand opportunities for youth to learn and share knowledge at a minimal
cost on a variety of topics. What could be the priority areas of action for Viet Nam’s
labour market? The 4th Industrial Revolution is here and cannot be avoided, yet the
extent to which it penetrates different sectors of the economy varies. While the
impacts on the jobs are difficult to predict, some ingredients are critical to carefully
manage the process of transformation. In doing so, barriers to occupational,
geographical and sectoral mobility need to be removed. Moving up the skills
ladder¬ Having the right skills to increase the ability to adapt to the need of the
labour market and drive the process of technological advancement forward

is

critical. A combination of both technical skills (such as STEM) and core skills
(creativity, critical thinking, communication, teamwork etc.) are needed to

best

equip the labour force and foster resilience to the evolving labour markets. Training,
(multi) skilling, reskilling, lifelong learning throughout the life cycle are all critical


in and out of the job. Education and training systems must be prepared to develop
skills for the future. In particular, partnership between policymakers, business and
training providers are required to ensure adequate supply with demand in the labour
market. Sectoral approach to employment¬ creation (incl. industrial policies) As Viet
Nam will increasingly witness the impact of technological change at the workplace,
the effects will vary considerably across sectors. An effective development strategy
calls for expanding sectors that generate more value-added and employment, with

large multiplier effects and upstream and downstream linkages to the domestic
economy. The importance of industrial and other sectoral strategies for structural
transformation could be reasserted in light of the national, regional, and global
developments. The new growth model would need to be, in order to be inclusive and
sustainable, built around higher technological value-added and productive sectors that
nurture quality employment and other qualitative dimensions of the domestic
economy. The importance of

labour

market¬ governance Viet Nam could

increasingly compete in global markets based on higher productivity and better
working conditions. But translating productivity growth into better wages and higher
living standards requires effective labour

market

institutions, which include

effective legal protection of workers’ rights in various forms of employment,
representation of workers’ voice, and collective bargaining. Effective industrial
relations is a key for stability, productivity and equity, which will ensure sustainable
and inclusive development. Active labour market policy and¬ social protection With
accelerated changes under IR.4.0, workers who are more frequently moving from
one job to another will need to be supported. Effective ‘active labour market
policies’ that help to connect people with jobs are important to constantly help
workers to develop new skills; ensure smooth transition from one job to another;
provide skill training and unemployment insurance during the gaps between the jobs.
Only with proper social protection, including unemployment insurance, workers’

move from lower to higher productivity sectors and jobs will be facilitated.


1.2 Healthcare 4.0
“In a complex world that is advancing rapidly at an exponential pace where
nearly every sphere of human existence seemingly finds the internet indispensable,
therein lies profound benefits to be gained at the convergence of virtual reality,
simulations, big data analytics and Artificial Intelligence. Healthcare

is

no

exception. Sophysicians, health economists and healthcare administrators of this
generation and beyond ultimately have to thrive in

such

a

technological

environment to remain relevant in the medical profession which provides care for
the population in the modern age of digitalisation.
1.2.1. Robot
Robots are used to perform surgery and provide improved performance,
movement and control. Now, surgery can be per-formed through computer control.
It reduces/eliminates tissue trauma in open heart surgery case. It can also work in an
environment that is felt dangerous for surgeons.
1.2.2 Three-dimensional model

Holography is a noncontact 3D imaging that can be seen by anaked eye. It
provides details of the human anatomy, tissue, bones and activity of an internal organ
of the body with high resolution. Doctors can now see the patient in a holographic
image without the physical presence of the patient. It is an excellent tool for contactless study which is used to measure the internal and external
Holography has excellent potential to addresses the

challenge

of

fracture.
storing the

complex issue of 3D image storing of thepatient. Patient diseases/other information
can be stored digitally which can be helpful to train medical student
Sensors provide information about temperature, blood pressure and other
conditions of the patient. Different types of sensors are used as per the requirement
of the medical field.
1.2.3. Internet of things
IoT has opened up a world of possibilities in medicine. It connects the Internet
and medical devices and collects valuable in-formation to provide control over


patients' lives and treatment. It is helpful in monitoring, treatment and testing to
provide satisfaction to the patient.
1.2.4. Big data
In health care, big data provides life-saving outcomes. By the digitisation, it
referred to vast quantities of information and analysed it. Doctors required an
understanding of patients' past for their best treatment, so this technology is helpful
to provide valuable information regarding patients such as the sign of illness. It also

provides relevant critical insights into better care and faster treatments
1.2.5. Artificial intelligence
In medical field, AI is used to analyse complex medical data. It is an essential
technology that is programmed and controlled by machines with the help of the
computer. It has the ability to gain information and well-defined output to doctors
and patients. AI provides prevention and treatment technique to improve patient
outcome. It is helpful in personalised medicine, diagnosis processes, disease level,
drug development and patient monitoring.6. Different capabilities of Industry 4.0 in
the medical field . Industry 4.0 could provide exciting capabilities and new
opportunities for patient care. It individualises products with the precise
manufacturing of patient-specific devices, which creates ahigh-quality result. It also
positively impacts the hospital


Figure 1.1: Capabilities of Industry 4.0 in the medical field IoT,
Internet of things
Source: Industry 4.0 applications in medical field: A brief review
Applications
1

Customisation of

Description
- The customisation is the primary requirement of

implants

the medical field because data of every patientspecific implants and devices are different
- Industry 4.0 is famous because of the
manufacturing of the customised product, so it can

quickly create highquality implants and devices in
lesser time and cost

2

Digital hospital

-

Industry

4.0

provides

better

information

management in medical by the application of IoT
- Helpful in keeping medical record, physician,
sample and laboratory identification


- By the applications of digital technologies used in
Industry 4.0, symptoms and cause of diseases are
easily identified
3

Smart implants

-

Efficient

manufacturing

of

smart

medical

components and the same can communicate with
monitoring

systems

and

remote physicians

- It evolves in the part of the internet of service and
opens a new era of opportunities in the medical
field
- By the applications of smart material, implants
can change the shape with increase in temperature
concerning time as per requirement
4

Designing
manufacturing
surgical

and - Industry 4.0 can play a useful role in the design and
of

production of implants, surgical tools, biomodels

tools

and all other medical devices and models in lesser

and devices

time
- Also used for upgradation of tools and devices by
the application of additive manufacturing
- Implants manufactured by smart manufacturing
technology fit the patients comfortably

5

Management during

- During unusual circumstances such as critical

a medical

illness or unavailability of any family members,

emergency

technologies are reliable to easily identify previous
medical history of the patient such as name,
age,

blood

group,

etc.

- Provide more time for treatment by speedy
admission

procedure

- Provides 3G video equipment in an ambulance
by which doctors can also image the condition of
the patient before admitting


6

Provides implants in

-

lesser time

Build
time

a

customised

model

with

required

Helpful to create

a

in

lesser

mechanical

strength
-

for medical

conceptual

model

applications

- By the applications of different advance
designing

and

manufacturing

technologies,

implants and other medical devices are created in
lesser time
7

Cost-effective for

- Produces any medical devices, instruments or

the hospitals

implants

at

a

lower

cost

- Digitally controls all the system in the hospital
and provides excellent service to the patient
-

Highly

reliable

for

manufacturing

of

a

customised product which correctly fits the patient
- A customised implant as per patient data reduces
risk and surgery time
8

Improved accuracy

-

as per patient match

Models/parts
manufacturing
accuracy
-

Using

manufactured
technology
and

by
have

surface

good-quality

material

smart
good
finish

accuracy

is

improved

- Provides satisfaction to the patient
9

Multimaterial

-

Smart

manufacturing
as

technology
input

uses

implants, tools and

multimaterials

material

devices with

- Multimaterial-printed implants provide exact

excellent strength

information such as defects in the bone of the

patient
- These multimaterial medical models help the
surgeon for a better understanding of the patient-


specific problem before surgery
10

Provide flexibility

- Industry 4.0 provides excellent flexibility during a
complicated

surgery

- Traces the cause of diseases by predicting data
of

different

patients

- Flexibility to create industrial parts, medical
models, cultural artefacts and also other dental
models
11

Improved research

-

and development

Industry
direction

4.0
for

provides
the

development

essential

research

of

prostheses

and

and

personalised
other

implants/

devices.
- Industry 4.0 helps to efficiently manufacture a
prototype, and this prototype is to be tested and
used for research & development purposes
12

Precise for surgeons

-

Medical

parts

and

components

manufactured by this process performed precise
surgery because smart manufacturing system
produces an exact fit model.
- Easy handling of different complex cases
13

Improve

-

communication

Medical

model

manufactured

by

smart

manufacturing

systems

can

improve

the

communication

between

doctor/surgeon

and

patient.

- Doctors and surgeons can better understand the
treatment outcomes

and provide

appropriate

information to the patient
14

Reduces surgery
risk

-

Industry
innovative

4.0

uses

sensors

and

manufacturing