Đánh giá và xác định chế độ vận hành tối ưu cho tháp tách c 05 của nhà máy xử lý khí dinh cố

Y^ AẻD IU OCầ XFY DJG
Y]DL F CB IU OCầ XFỈY DJG
------------

 

Ğờ ÊD YỞY DLCFỈ^
ĞỎ F;

ĞÊDC LFÊ XỴ SÊB ĞịDC
BCẴ Ğồ XẠD CỴDC YỞF ơU BCA YCÊ^ BC B->5
BỨJ DCỴ GấV S @ì OCầ IFDC B

Rfdc vfởd tcb cfd;
cfd; C Ycjdc dl 
Bcud dlỵdc; @ab ‒ cj iíu
GRRX; >=^^]::>>29
@ởp; O=@CI
Ocj; =>:=-=>:<
 Dlƾỗf cdl id; YR. Idl Bcỗ Yrudl
OR. C Xd jdl
Mợ ]j-Xdl Yợu, dg =>:<

Y^ AẻD IU OCầ XFY DJG


 

Y]ơỐDL ĞẮF CỀB IẨU OCÇ XFỈY DJG

------------

 

Ğờ ÊD YỞY DLCFỈ^
ĞỎ F;
ĞÊDC LFÊ XỴ SÊB ĞịDC
BCẴ Ğồ XẠD CỴDC YỞF ơU BCA YCấ^ YấBC B->5
BJ DCẻ GấV S @ì OCầ IFDC BỞ

Rfdc vfëd tcỺb cfỌd;
cfỌd; CỒ Ycjdc dl 
Bcud dlỵdc; @ab ‒ cj iớu
GRRX; >=^^]::>>29
@p; O=@CI
Ocj; =>:=-=>:<
Dlf cdl id; YR. Idl Bcỗ Yrudl
OR. CỒ XĂd Ğjdl
Mỵ ]ỏj-XŦdl u, dĂg =>:<




ấD B CAẻD YCẻDC YF
Y]DL F CB IU OCầ XFY DJG

Dlf cdl
cdl id bcỗdc; YR. I
Idl
dl Bcỗ Yrudl

Dlf cdl
cdl iắd pcụ; OR. C
CỒỒ XĂdl Ğ
Ğjdl
jdl

 Dlƾỗf bcấg
bcấg pcẢd mf
mfỌd;
Ọd;

ĞỒ êd ĚƾỢb mẢ vỌ tẪf;

CồF ĞờDL BCẩG Ğờ ÊD YỞY DLCFỈ^
Y]ơỐDL F CB IU OCầ XFY DJG
Dlợy tcờdl
tcờdl dg =>
=>:<
:<





Y
AẻD I
I
U O
OC

Cầ X
XFFY D
DJ
JG
^ A
Y]DL F CB IU OCầ XFË
   
   Y̢ DJG

BồDL C
CÝ
ÝJ S
SÂ
 Cồ
CồFF B
BC
CỨ D
DL
LCģJ X
XFFỈY D
DJ
JG
ĞồB @Ạ^ ‒ YỾ IA ‒ CẮDC ^CÛB

DCFỈG Xứ Ğờ ÊD YỞY DLCFỈ^

Cệ vỵ tëd sfdc vfëd; CỒ
vfëd; CỒ Ycjdc dl

GRRX; >=^^]::>>29

Dlỵdc; OỶ
Dlỵdc;
 OỶ tcuầt cj cab
@ởp; O=@CI
@ởp;
 O=@CI
:. d ĚỒ êd tùt dlcfë   p;̢ Ğêdc lfê vỵ xêb Ěỏdc bcằ ĚỖ vầd cỵdc
cỵdc tùf ƾu bc tcêp têbc B>5 bj dcợ gờy x `ữ ocỗ Ifdc Bự
=. Dcfg v;


Yg cfu bdl dlc dcợ gờy x `ữ ocỗ Ifdc Bù vỵ tcỺb trẪdl cfỌd tẪf bỬj dcỵ gêy.



G pcềdl bcằ ĚỖ vầd cỵdc cfỌd tẪf bỬj dcỵ gêy mẺdl pcíd gỊg Jsped CVRVR.



Oằt cỢp ocẢ sêt g càdc g pcềdl vỵ sù `fỌu vầd cỵdc tcỺb tằ ĚỂ pcd tỗbc vợ

ờdc lfờ bờb yu tự dc cdl d quờ tràdc vầd cỵdc tcêp B->5.


Sêb Ěỏdc bcằ ĚỖ vầd cỵdc tùf ƾu bc tcêp B->5 trdl ĚfỊu ofỌd tcỺb tằ cfỌd djy.



ĞỊ xuất pcƾƪdl êd lfẢf quyằt tàdc trẪdl dlầp `ềdl ĚỆdc tcêp B->5, tĂdl cfỌu suất

tcu cỒf `ềdl vỵ ddl bdl suất bỬj dcỵ gêy.
2. Dlỵy lfj ĚỒ êd tùt dlcfỌp; dlỵy :> tcêdl 9 dĂg =>:<
9. Dlỵy cỵd tcỵdc ĚỒ êd tùt dlcfỌp; dlỵy 8 tcêdl 8 dĂg =>:<
Ca tởd dlf cdl id bcỗdc; YR. Idl Bcỗ Yrudl
Ca tëd dlƾỗf cƾởdl iắd pcụ; OR. CỒ XĂd Ğjdl
 Mỵ ]ỏj ‒ XŦdl u, dlỵy … tcêdl
tcêdl … dĂg =>:< 
CFỈU
CF
ỈU Y]ơỐ
Y]ơỐDL
DL

Y]ơỔ
Y]ơỔDL
DL ^CíD
^CíDL
L ẻA
ẻA YA
YA

DL
DLFF CD
CDL
L ID
ID

(oữ, lcf rừ ca tởd)

(oữ, lcf rõ ca tëd)

(o÷, lcf rõ ca tëd)





Y
AẻD
DI
I
U OC
OCầầ X
XFFY D
DJ
JG
^ Aẻ
Y]DL F CB IU OCầ XFậ

Y DJG

BồD
ồDL
LC
CÝJ
ÝJ SÂ Cồ
CồFF B
BCỨ
CỨ DLC

LCģģJ XFỈ
FỈY
YD
DJ
JG
ĞồB @Ạ^ ‒ YỾ IA ‒ CẮDC ^CÛB

^CFẴU DCẠD SỈY Ğờ ÊD YỞY DLCFË
   ^̢
   

d ĞỒ êd tùt dlcfỌp; Ğêdc lfê vỵ xêb Ěỏdc bcằ ĚỖ vầd cỵdc tùf ƾu bc tcêp têbc B->5
bỬj dcỵ gêy x `ữ ocỗ Ifdc Bự.
Yởd sfdc vfởd tcb cfd; C Ycjdc dl
Bcuy
Bc
ud
ëd dlỵd
dlỵdc;
c; @ab
@ab ‒ Cj
Cj ií
iíuu

Ocê
Ocê;; =>:=
=>:=-=
-=>:
>:<<

Ca vỵ tëd bj dlf cdl id; YR. Idl Bcỗ Yrudl

OR. C Xd Ğjdl
:. Dcầd xỉt vỊ tfdc tcíd tcêf ĚỖ `ỵg vfỌb vỵ dlcfëd bỦu bỬj sfdc vfëd; ………….….
………….………….………….………….………….………….………….…………
=. Dcầd xỉt vỊ oằt quẢ; ……………………………………………………………..…
………….………….………….………….………….………….………….…………
2. Dcỡdl tỒd tẪf dằu b; ……….………….………….………….………….………..
………….………….………….………….………….………….………….…………
9. ĞfỂg;.………….………….………….………….………….………….………….
 Mỵ ]ỏj ‒ XŦdl u, dlỵy … tcêdl
tcêdl … dĂg =>:< 
DLơỐF CDL ID BCầDC
(oữ, lcf rừ ca tởd)





Y
AẻD
D IU OCầ XFY DJG
^ Aẻ
Y]DL F CB IU OCầ XFË
   
   Y̢ DJG

BồDL CÝJ SÂ Cồ
CồFF BCỨ DLCģJ XFỈY DJG
ĞồB @Ạ^ ‒ YỾ IA ‒ CẮDC ^CÛB

^CFẴU DCẠD SỈY Ğờ ÊD YỞY DLCFË
   
   ^̢

d ĞỒ êd tùt dlcfỌp; Ğêdc lfê vỵ xêb Ěỏdc bcằ ĚỖ vầd cỵdc tùf ƾu bc tcêp têbc B->5
bj dcợ gờy x `ữ ocỗ Ifdc Bự.
Yởd sfdc vfởd tcỺb cfỌd; CỒ Ycjdc dl
Bcuy
Bc
ud
ëd dlỵd
dlỵdc;
c; @ab
@ab ‒ Cj
Cj ií
iíuu

Ocê
Ocê;; =>:=
=>:=-=
-=>:
>:<<

Ca vỵ tëd dlƾỗf pcẢd mfỌd;
F. ^cíd dcầd xỉt; 
xỉt; 
:. XỊ càdc tcỦb vỵ oằt bấu ĞJGC;.............................................................................
ĞJGC;...................................................................................
......

=. XỊ dỖf iudl;
=.:. Dcầd xỉt tổdl qujd tỵf `fỌu;.......................................................................................
`fỌu;.........................................................................................
=.=. Dcầd xỉt vỊ pcƾƪdl
pcƾƪdl pcêp dlcfëd bỦu;.......
bỦu;.......................................................
........................................................
................
........
=.2. Dcầd xæt vỊ oằt quẢ ĚẪt ĚƾỢb;....................................................................................
=.9. Dcầd xỉt vỊ oằt `uầd;...........................................................................
`uầd;........................................................................................
......................
...........
=.5. Dcỡdl ĚfỂg tcfằu
tcfằu st vỵ tỒd tẪf bỬj ĞJGC;.........................................
ĞJGC;.................................................
.................
............
...
FF. ĞfỂg; 
ĞfỂg; ………… (lcf mẺdl bcỡ)
…, dlỵy … tcêdl … dĂg =>:<
  DLơỐF ^CậD MFỈD
 

(o÷, lcf rõ ca tëd)


 

@ỐF BJG ĞAJD
Yùf xfd bjg Ěajd;
 Dcỡdl oằt quẢ dlcfëd
dlcfëd bỦu ĚƾỢb tràdc mỵy trdl ĚỒ êd `ỵ cỵd tỵd trud
trudll tcỺb, bỬj tf,
bêb sù `fỌu Ěâ ĚƾỢb sỺ bcấp tcuầd mởd pcỗj bdl ty sd xut, ocdl vf pcg mt b
fu l trdl `ut s cu trỗ tu vợ pcờp `uầt XfỌt Djg. Dằu sjf, tf xfd cỵd tỵd bcỏu
trêbc dcfỌg trƾởb pcêp `uầt.
YÊB LFậ Ğờ ÊD
(O÷, lcf rõ ca tëd)

CỒ Ycjdc Yödl

f


 

G YẤY Ğờ ÊD YỞY DLCFË
   ^̢
   
Ca vỵ tëd sfdc vfëd ; CỒ Ycjdc Yödl
@ởp; O=@CI

Ocj; =>:=-=>:<

 Dlƾỗf cƾởdl
cƾởdl iắd; YR.
YR. Iƾƪdl Bcỗ Yrudl

OR. C Xdl jdl

Yởd ờd tựt dlcfp; ờdc lfê vỵ xêb Ěỏdc bcằ ĚỖ vầd cỵdc tùf ƾu bc tcờp tờbc B->5
bj dcợ gờy x `ữ ocỗ Ifdc Bự.
Yg tt; ờd mj lg bờb df iudl bcỗdc dc sju;
:. Y
Ydl
dl qujd v ocỗ
ocỗ tc
tcfởd
fởd dcfởd;
dcfởd; tcợdc
tcợdc pcớd,
pcớd, pcd
pcd `f vợ dl
dl idl
idl bj ocỗ tcfởd
tcfởd
dcfởd. Lff tcfu bêb bdl dlcỌ tcu cỒf DL@, ƾu ĚfỂg bỬj bêb bdl dlcỌ sủ iụdl
turm-expjdier.
=. Lfởf tcfỌu
tcfỌu bcudl
bcudl vỊ Dcỵ gêy S `ữ Ocỗ Ifdc Bự, dlud dluyởd
dluyởd `fu
`fu vợ sd pcẦg
bỬj dcỵ gêy. Lfởf tcfỌu bcằ ĚỖ vầd cỵdc cfỌd tẪf bỬj dcỵ gêy, Ěf su vỵ bdl
dlcỌ bụg tcêp B->5. Yràdc mỵy tcỺb trẪdl dcỵ gêy cfỌd tẪf vỵ Ěƾj rj pcƾƪdl
cƾởdl dlcfëd bỦu lfẢf quyằt vấd ĚỊ bỬj ĚỒ êd.

2. Lfởf tcfỌu
tcfỌu tíg qujd tradl
tradl bỬj bêb bdl bụ g pcềdl trdl
trdl dlỵdc
dlỵdc bdl dlcỌ cj
cab df bcudl vợ bdl dlcfp bc mfd ocỗ df rfởdl. R idl pcíd gỊg Jsped
CVRVR ĚỂ g pcềdl bcằ ĚỖ vầd cỵdc cfỌd tẪf bỬj dcỵ gêy, Ěêdc lfê sjf `Ọbc vỵ
oằt `ud tỗdc tdl tcỗbc bj g cdc g pcdl tcu ĚƾỢb.
9. Lfởf tcfỌu
tcfỌu vỵ bcỆ rj ĚfỂg tƾƪdl
tƾƪdl ĚỒdl lfỡj
lfỡj tcêp B->5 ố Ifdc Bù vỵ bdl dlcỌ Ljs
Rumb`ei ^rbess. Ğêdc lfê Ảdc cƾốdl bỬj bêb yằu tù sju `ëd q tràdc vầd cỵdc
tcêp B->5; tỆ `Ọ bcfj iýdl quj E-:9 vợ BB->:, ờp sut ocỗ tcdl pcg, dcft
gf trdl, `u `dl vợ tcợdc pcớd ocỗ vợ dcợ gờy, gỦb `ềdl ĚỆdc tcêp B->5.
Yữ Ě ĚỊ xuất bcằ ĚỖ vầd cỵdc tùf ƾu bc tcêp B->5 trdl ĚfỊu ofỌd tcỺb tằ cfỌd
djy.
5. ĞỊ xuất pcƾƪ
pcƾƪdl
dl êd mổ sudl bụ
bụg
g tcêp B->5M gởf cẪt
cẪt ĚỖdl sdl
sdl sdl vởf bụg tcêp
B->5 cfd tf. ^cd tỗbc vợ ờdc lfờ cfu qu ofdc tằ bỬj pcƾƪdl êd dỵy.

ff


 

 

JMRY]JBY
Ycfs tcesfs evj`ujte jdi iehfde tce ptfgj` perjtfd gie hr tce rebtfhfer B->5 fd
Ifdc B Ljs ^rbessfdl ^`jdt. My usfdl sfgu`jtfd shtwjre jdi jdj`yze tce jbtuj`
ijtj hrg Ifdc B, tce tcesfs evj`ujte tce ehhebt h tcese hjbtrs d tce perjtfd h 
tce rebtfhfer B->5; heei h`w rjtf, pressure h sj`e ljs, tegperjture h ljs h`w jhter 
wjter regvj`, h`w jdi bgpsftfd h tce ljs heei t tce ^`jdt jdi tce `fqufi `eve`
h tce tp h B->5 twer. Yce tcesfs wf`` prpse j prkebt t jii j dew B->5M twer 
t s`ve tce burredt prm`egs h tce ^`jdt jdi rjfse tce `fqufi rebvery perhrgjdbe
jdi rjfse tce bjpjbfty h tce ^`jdt t iej` wftc tce bcjdle h tce dew ljs heei t tce
^`jdt fd tce huture.

fff


 

@ỐF BậG ƮD
@ỗf Ěíu tfëd eg xfd bcd tcỵdc bẢg d YR. Idl Bcỗ Yrudl õ td tdc qujd tg,
dl vfëd vỵ lfûp ĚỪ eg rất dcfỊu trdl tcỗf lfjd tcỺb cfỌd ĚỒ êd dỵy. BẢg ƪd tcíy Ěâ
iỵdc tcỗf lfjd ab, lp ữ bcdc sj df iudl vợ cdl iắd eg bêbc cỵdc vĂd bcẼt bcặ
vỵ ocj cab ĚỂ ĚỒ êd ĚƾỢb cỵd tcỵdc gỖt bêbc tùt dcất.
Yrdl q tràdc tcỺb tầp vỵ `ỵg ĚỒ êd tùt dlcfỌp tẪf Dcợ gờy Bc mfd Ocỗ Ifdc Bự,
eg õ dcd b sỺ bcỆ mẢ vỵ lfûp ĚỪ dcfë  t ̢ tàdc bỬj bêb jdc oĦ sƾ tẪf dcỵ gêy. Eg
xfd bcd tcỵdc bẢg ƪd OR. CỒ XĂd Ğjdl Ěâ trỺb tfằp cuởdl iắd vỵ tẪ gaf ĚfỊu ofỌd
tcuầd `Ợf bc eg trdl sút tcỗf lfjd tcỺb tầp tẪf dcỵ gêy vỵ tcỺb cfỌd ĚỒ êd tùt
dlcfë   p.̢
Eg xfd mỵy tề `ýdl mfằt ƪd su sạb tởf bêb tcíy b trdl mỖ gd @ab - Cj iớu tf

Yrdl f cab Iớu ocỗ Xfởt Djg Ěâ tầd tàdc iẪy iỜ eg trdl suùt quê tràdc cab tầp
tẪf trƾỗdl.
Búf bưdl eg xfd lủf `ỗf bẢg ƪd bcd tcỵdc Ěằd lfj Ěàdc vỵ mẪd mã Ěâ ĚỖdl vfëd lfûp
ĚỪ vỵ `ỵ bcỜ iỺj tfdc tcíd vỡdl bcạb bc eg trdl suùt tcỗf lfjd quj.
Eg xfd bcd tcỵdc bẢg ƪd!

fv


 

GứB @ứB
 DCFỈG Xứ Ğờ ÊD YỞY
YỞY DLCFỈ^......................................................................
DLCFỈ^.................................................................................
...............
....
^CFẴU DCẠD SỈY Ğờ ÊD YỞY DLCFË  ^....................................................................
^........................................................................
....
̢
^CFẴU DCẠD SỈY Ğờ ÊD YỞY DLCFË  ^....................................................................
^........................................................................
̢
....
@ỐF BJG ĞAJD..............................................................................................
ĞAJD............................................................................................................
...................f
YÒG YẤY Ğờ ÊD YỞY DLCFË  ^...................................................................................
^.....................................................................................ff

..ff
̢
JMRY]JBY......................................................................................................................fff
JMRY]JBY.....................................................................................................................
.fff
@ỐF BậG ƮD.................................................................................................................
ƮD....................................................................................................................... fv
GứB @ứB......................................................................................................................
@ứB..............................................................................................................................vv
IJDC GứB CÀDC ậDC.............................................................................................
ậDC................................................................................................
...vff
vff
IJDC GứB MậDL MFọU..................................................................
MFọU.................................................................................
........................
.............
........xx
IJDC GứB O CFË  U,
YẤY......................................................................xff
xff
̢ BC XFY YY......................................................................
@F G U....................................................................................................................
U....................................................................................................................::
Bcdl :; Ydl qujd v ocỗ tcfởd dcfởd............................
dcfởd.........................................................................
................................................=
...=
:.:. Ydl qujd v ocỗ tcfởd dcfởd.....................................................................................
dcfởd.........................................................................................==

:.:.:. Ycợdc pcớd
pcớd vợ bờbc pcd `f ocỗ tcfởd dcfởd.............................................
dcfởd.....................................................
...............=
...=
:.:.=. dl idl bj ocỗ tcfởd dcfởd............................................................................
dcfởd.................................................................................
.........22
:.:.2. Ocjf tcờb bc mfd ocỗ vf dd ofdc t...................................................................
t......................................................................9
...9
:.=. Ycợdc pcớd ocỗ tcfởd
tcfởd dcfởd gt sự g ố XfỌt Djg...........................
Djg....................................
.................
...............5
...5
:.2. Bdl dlcỌ tcu cỒf DL@ trëd tcằ lff...........................................................................<
lff...........................................................................<
Bcdl =; R `b v dcợ gờy x `ữ ocỗ ifdc bự.............................................................:>
bự.............................................................:>
=.:. Lff tcfu dcợ gờy x `ữ ocỗ Ifdc Bù......................................................................
Bù.................................................................. .....:>
.:>
=.:.:. DluỒd dluyëd `fỌu..................................................................................................
`fỌu.................................................................................................. ::
=.:.=. RẢd pcẦg................................................................................................................
pcẦg................................................................................................................::
::
=.=. Bdl dlcỌ bỬj dcỵ gêy.......................................................................................

gêy............................................................................................
....... :2
=.=.:. Bêb bcằ ĚỖ cẪt ĚỖdl bỬj
bỬj dcỵ gêy........................................................................
gêy..................................................................... ..... :2
v




=.2. Ycờp tờbc B->5 dcợ gờy x `ữ ocỗ Ifdc Bù...........................................................:8
Bù...........................................................:8
=.9. YcỺb trẪdl dcỵ gêy..................................................................................................
gêy.................................................................................................... :6
Bcƾƪdl 2; g pcềdl bcằ ĚỖ vầd cỵdc glpp....................................................................=:
glpp....................................................................=:
2.:. G pcềdl trdl bdl dlcỌ cj cab..............................................
cab..........................................................................
.............................. =:
2.=. Yfằd cỵdc g pcềdl bcằ ĚỖ bdl dlcỌ cfỌd tẪf........................................................
tẪf..................................................... ....==
.==
2.=.:. Ocjf mê bêb bấu tủ vỵ `Ỻj bcad cỌ dcfỌt ĚỖdl.................................................
ĚỖdl......................................................
......==
.==
2.=.=. Yfằd cỵdc g pcềdl..............................................................................................
pcềdl................................................................................................ =9
2.2. Oằt quẢ g pcềdl, Ěêdc lfê sjf `Ọbc vỵ oằt `ud tỗdc tdl tcỗbc............................
tcỗbc.................... .........29

.29
Bcdl 9; ờdc lfờ vợ xờb Ěỏdc
Ěỏdc bcằ ĚỖ vầd cỵdc tùf ƾu bc tcêp B->5............
B->5....................
..............
.......28
.28
9.:. Zuy tràdc Ljs Rumb`ei
Rumb`ei ^rbess (LR^).......................................................
(LR^)................................................................
..............28
.28
9.=. Ğêdc lfê bêb yằu tù Ảdc cƾốdl Ěằd cẪt ĚỖdl bỬj tcêp B->5....................................23
B->5....................................23
9.=.:. YỆ `Ọ bcfj iýdl quj E-:9 vỵ BB->: (])...................................................................
(])................................................................... 23
9.=.=. Êp sut ocỗ tcdl pcg........................................................................................
pcg....................................................................................... . 9=
9.=.2. Dcft ocỗ...........................................................................................................
ocỗ............................................................................................................. 98
9.=.9. @u `dl vợ tcợdc pcớd ocỗ vợ...........................................................................
vợ............................................................................. 5:
9.=.5. Gb `dl ĚỆdc tcêp B->5..................................................................................
B->5.......................................................................................
....... 58
9.2. ĞỊ xuất bcằ ĚỖ vầd cỵdc tùf ƾu bc tcêp B->5..........................................................5<
B->5..........................................................5<
Bcƾƪdl 5; ĞỊ xuất pcƾƪdl êd mổ sudl tcêp B->5 gởf ĚỂ lfẢf quyằt tàdc trẪdl dlầp
`ềdl ĚỆdc tcêp b->5 cfỌd tẪf vỵ ddl bj cfỌu suất tcu cỒf sẢd pcẦg `ềdl........................8>
`ềdl........................8>

5.:. G pcềdl `ạp ĚẼt tcëg bụg
bụg B->5 gởf cẪt ĚỖdl sdl sdl vở
vởff cỌ tcựdl b......
b... ......
......8:
5.=. Yỗdc tờd s m cfu qu ofdc t bj pcdl ờd........................................................8<
ờd....................................................... .8<
5.=.:. Bcf pcỗ ớu t m sudl bg tcờp
tcờp B->5M................................................................
B->5M............................................................ .....86
.86
5.=.=. Yỗdc ijdc tcu vợ bcf pcỗ ct dl bj i ờd......................................................
ờd.......................................................<:
.<:
5.=.2. ^cd tỗbc tợf bcỗdc bc iỺ êd mổ sudl tcêp B->5M..................................................<<
B->5M..................................................<<
Oằt `uầd............................................................................................................................<6
`uầd............................................................................................................................ <6
f `fỌu tcjg ocẢ............................................................................................................
ocẢ............................................................................................................ 3>
vf


 

IJDC GứB CÀDC ậDC
Càdc :.: R sêdc tỆ `Ọ tcu cỒf DL@ bỬj bêb pcƾƪdl pcêp ocêb dcju _9W.......................3
Càdc :.= LfẢd ĚỒ pcj bêb q tràdc `ỵg `Ẫdc trdl bcằ mfd ocỗ _2W..............................6
_2W.......................... ....6
Cdc =.: R dlud dluyởd

dluyởd `fu vỵ pcd pcùf sẢd pcẦg bỬj dcỵ gêy Ifd
Ifdcc Bù _Càdc =.= Rƪ ĚỒ sẢd pcẦg dcỵ gêy bcằ mfd ocỗ
ocỗ Ifdc Bự __.......:=
:=
Cdc =.2 R ocựf bờb quờ trdc trdl dcợ gờy x `ữ ocỗ Ifdc Bù __:2
Càdc =.9 Rƪ ĚỒ bdl dlcỌ bcằ ĚỖ L^^ bcuyỂd
bcuyỂd Ěổf _3W................................................
_3W......................................... .......:9
:9
Càdc =.5 Rƪ ĚỒ bdl dlcỌ ocu vỺb tcêp B->5 _6W........................................................:<
_6W........................................................ :<
Càdc =.8 Rƪ ĚỒ tcdl sù tcêp B->5 _6W........................................................................:3
Càdc 2.: @Ỻj bcad cỌ dcfỌt ĚỖdl.................................................................................
ĚỖdl.................................................................................=2
=2
Càdc 2.= G pcềdl s`ul
s`ul bjtbcer................................................................................
bjtbcer....................................................................................=5
=5
Càdc 2.2 G pcềdl
pcềdl vjd
vjd @X->
@X->:2:...........................................
:2:...............................................................................
....................................=5

=5
Càdc 2.9 G pcềdl màdc têbc 2 pcj X->2....................................................................
X->2....................................................................=8
=8
Càdc 2.5 G pcềdl gêy dỉd O-:>::..........................................................................=8
Càdc 2.8 G pcềdl quẪt `ỵg gêt E-:>:5....................................................................
E-:>:5....................................................................=<
=<
Càdc 2.< G pcềdl tcêp cấp pcụ dƾởb X->8..............................................................=3
Càdc 2.3 G pcdl pcớd lfõd d
d ocỗ bj Yurm-Ex
Yurm-Expjdier........................................
pjdier........................................=6
=6
Cdc 2.6 G pcdl pcớd dổd ocỗ bj Yurm-Expjdier.........................................
Yurm-Expjdier...............................................
......=6
=6
Cdc 2.:> G pcdl Yurm-Expjdier.........................................................................
Yurm-Expjdier.........................................................................2>
2>
Cdc 2.:: G pcềdl tcêp B->5...................................................................................2>
Càdc 2.:= G pcềdl tcêp B->:...................................................................................2=
Càdc 2.:2 G pcềdl tcêp B->=...................................................................................22
vff


 

Càdc 2.:9 Bjse g pcềdl tỵd mỖ bcằ ĚỖ vầd cỵdc GL^^.........................................22

Càdc 9.: Zuy tràdc LR^ _:5W.......................................................................................2<
Càdc 9.= ậdc cƾốdl bỬj tỆ sù ] tởf `ƾu `ƾỢdl @^L....................................................26
Càdc 9.2 RỺ pcụ tcuỖb bỬj êp suất ĚỆdc tcêp B->5 vỵ tỆ sù
s ù bcfj iýdl ]....................9>
Càdc 9.9 Ycùdl oë sù `fỌu tỆ sù bcfj
bcfj iýdl ] 9 tcêdl Ěíu dĂg =>:<.......................
=>:<............................9:
.....9:
Càdc 9.5 YỆ `Ọ bcfj iýdl ], gỦb `ềdl ĚỆdc tcêp B->5, `u `dl ocỗ sju ocf..............9=
Cdc 9.8 dc cdl bj ờp sut ocỗ tcdl pcg d ờp sut dc tcờp B->5 vỵ `ƾỢdl
sẢd pcẦg @^L tcu ĚƾỢb..........................
ĚƾỢb...............................................................................................92
.....................................................................92
Càdc 9.< Gùf qujd c lfj ờp sut ocỗ oc tcdl pcg vợ ờp sut...........................99
sut........................... 99
Cdc 9.3 ấp sut ocỗ tcdl pcg vợ ddl B 2trdl ocỗ tcdl pcg t dlợy =
d dlợy </9/=>:<
</9/=>:<.................................................................
........................................................................................................
.......................................95
95
Càdc 9.6 Rƪ ĚỒ lfẢd `ƾỢb bêb ĚfỂg
ĚfỂg Ě dcfỌt ĚỖ ocu vỺb tcêp B->5...........................
B->5.............................98
..98
Càdc 9.:> ậdc cƾốdl
cƾốdl bỬj dcfỌt ocỗ sju dổd d cfu su
sut
t tcu cf `dl...............
`dl.......... .......9<

..9<
Cdc 9.:: Ydl qujd lfj dcft bj iýdl ocỗ trb ocf bcfj iýdl, dcft bờb
iýdl ocỗ vợ tcờp B->5 vợ
vợ ờp sut ocỗ tcdl pcg dlợy 2/9
2/9/=>:<............
/=>:<.....................
...............
......93
93
Cdc 9.:= ậdc cƾốdl bỬj ĚỖ gố vjd ^X->3>5 tởf......................................................
tởf......................................................96
96
Càdc 9.:2 Yƾƪdl qujd lfỡj gỦb `ềdl ĚỆdc tcêp B->5, dcfỌt ĚỖ YF-:=><, g vjd
^X->3>5 vợ `dl B2trdl ocỗ tcdl pcg dlợy
dlợy 9/9/=>:<...
9/9/=>:<............................
..................................
..........5>
.5>
Cdc 9.:9 Ydl qujd lfj `u `dl ocỗ vợ vợ ờp sut ocỗ tcdl pcg t dlợy
=/9/=>:< d dlợy </9/=>:<
</9/=>:<.................................................................
.........................................................................................
........................5=
5=
Cdc 9.:5 Gựf qujd c lfj
lfj `u `dl ocỗ sju cp pc vợ ờp sut ocỗ tc
tcdl
dl pcg. 52
Cdc 9.:8 @u `dl ocỗ vợ sju ocf cp tc db.....................................................59

db..................................................... 59
Cdc 9.:< R tcjy f ddl
ddl bờb tcợdc pcớd ocỗ ớu vỵ dcỵ gêy Ifdc Bù.....
Bù........
......55
...55
vfff


 

Càdc 9.:3 Rƪ ĚỒ cƾởdl
cƾởdl iắd vầd cỵdc tùf ƾu tcêp B->5.......................................
B->5...............................................
........56
56
Càdc 5.: G pcềdl bụg B->5M......................................
B->5M...................................................................................8=
.............................................8=
Càdc 5.= Bjse g pcềdl dcỵ
dcỵ gêy sju ocf `ạp tcëg bụg B->5M.................................8=
B->5M............................. ....8=
Càdc 5.2 CfỌu suất tcu cỒf ocf bcƾj tùf ƾu bêb tcdl sù..............................................82
sù..............................................82
Càdc 5.9 Dcầp `fỌu tcế
tcế Rprejisceet bỬj bdl bụ Aptfgfzer................................
Aptfgfzer........................................
........89
89
Càdc 5.5 Ycfằt ĚẼt tcế

tcế Xjrfjm`es bỬj bdl bụ ptfgfzer.................................
ptfgfzer.........................................
.............
.....85
85
Càdc 5.8 CfỌu suất tcu
tcu cỒf sju ocf Ěâ tùf ƾu bêb tcdl sù..................................
sù..........................................
.........88
.88
Càdc 5.< CfỌu suất bỬj dcỵ gêy ocf ddl bdl suất `ëd..............................................<2
`ëd.............................................. <2
Càdc 5.3 CfỌu suất bỬj dcỵ gêy ocf ddl bdl suất `ëd..............................................<9
`ëd.............................................. <9

fx


 

IJDC GứB MậDL MFọU
MẢdl :.: Ycỵdc pcíd pcổ mfằd bỬj ocỗ t dcfởd _:W......................................................=
Mdl :.=. Ycợdc pcớd pc mfd bj ocỗ dl cợdc _:W..................................................2
_:W.................................................. 2
Mdl :.2 Ycợdc pcớd ocỗ
ocỗ m Bu @dl (% tc tỗbc) _=W.............................................8
_=W........................................... ..8
Mdl :.9 Ycợdc pcớd ocỗ m Djg Bd Rd (% tc tỗbc) _=W.......................................8
Mdl :.5 Ycợdc pcớd ocỗ m Gj`jy Yc Bcu
Bcu (% tc tỗbc) _=W................................

_=W........................ .........8
.8
Mdl =.: Lff tcfu bcudl v dcợ gờy x `ữ ocỗ Ifdc Bự _<W.....................................:>
Mdl 2.: Ycợdc pcớd bờb bu t ocỗ ớu vợ dcợ
dcợ gờy trudl màdc...............................=9
màdc............................. ..=9
MẢdl 2.= Ycỵdc pcíd,
pcíd, ĚfỊu ofỌd bêb iýdl Ěf vỵ vỵ rj tcêp B->:...................
B->:...........................
............2:
....2:
MẢdl 2.2 Ycỵdc pcíd,
pcíd, ĚfỊu ofỌd bêb iýdl Ěf vỵ vỵ rj tcêp B->=...................
B->=...........................
............2=
....2=
MẢdl 2.9 Ycợdc pcớd ocỗ
ocỗ oc tcdl pcg (% g`)........................................
g`).................................................
..........29
.29
Mdl 2.5 Rd `ƾỢdl vỵ cfỌu suất tcu cỒf sẢd pcẦg......................................................25
pcẦg...................................................... 25
MẢdl 9.: Lff tcỗbc bờb fg dcft
dcft ocu vb tcờp B->5......................................
B->5......................................9<
9<
MẢdl 5.: RẢd `ƾỢdl vỵ cfỌu suất tcu cỒf sẢd pcg......................................................88
pcg...................................................... 88
Mdl 5.= I mờ `u `dl ocỗ vợ dcợ gêy Ifdc Bù tữ dĂg =>:6 Ěằd dĂg =>=5..

=>=5....83
..83
MẢdl 5.2 Ycợdc pcớd ocỗ Djg Bd Rd bp vợ dcợ gờy Ifdc Bự...........................83
Mdl 5.9 Bcf pcỗ ớu t m sudl bg tcêp B->5M
B->5M (URI)........................................
(URI)............................... ............86
...86
MẢdl 5.5 Ğƪd lfê bêb sẢd pcẦg bỬj dcỵ gêy lfjf ĚẪd
ĚẪd =>:<-=>=5................
=>:<-=>=5........................
............<:
....<:
MẢdl 5.8 RẢd `ƾỢdl @^L vỵ bdiedsjte trudl màdc gỖt dlỵy.....................................<9
dlỵy..................................... <9
MẢdl 5.< RẢd `ƾỢdl `ềdl lfj tĂdl vỵ dcfỌt trỏ gất gêt gỜf dlỵy................................<5
MẢdl 5.3 Ijdc tcu bỬj iỺ êd `ạp ĚẼt tcëg
tcëg bụg B->5M quj bêb dĂg (URI)........
(URI)............
.....<8
.<8
x




Mdl 5.6 Bcf pcỗ ct dl cợdl dg bj i ờd.........................................................<<
ờd......................................................... <<
Mdl 5.:> ^cd tỗbc tợf bcỗdc
bcỗdc bc i ờd mổ sudl tcêp B->5M.....................................
B->5M............................ .........<3

<3

xf


 

IJDC GứB O× CFË
BC XFẴY YẤY
   U,̢ BC
   
Mjrj

Mjr Jms`ute

Êp suất mjr tuyt ựf

Mjrl

Mjr Ljule

ấp sut mjr s vf ờp sut ocỗ quyd

Bjse
@^L

Yởd laf bcu
bcudl bj
bj gt mợf g
pcdl

@fquehfei ^etr`eug Ljs

Ocỗ iớu gề cj `ềdl

GGRBGI Gf``fd Getrfb Rtjdijri Bumfb YrfỌu gæt ocùf ocỗ fu ofd tfởu
Geter ^er Ijy
bcud trdl gt dlợy
ppg

^jr ^er Gf``fd

GỖt pcíd trfỌu

xff




@F G U
Dcợ gờy S `ữ Ocỗ Ifdc
Ifdc Bự `ợ dcợ gờy bc
bc mfd ocỗ ớu tfởd bj X
Xft
ft Djg. Dcợ
Dcợ gờy
i Ydl Bdl ty Ocỗ Xft Djg xy idl vỵ Ěƾj vỵ cẪt ĚỖdl tữ dĂg :663. DcfỌg
vụ bỬj dcợ gờy `ợ tfp dcd x `ỗ dlud ocỗ tcfởd dcfëd tữ dlỵf ocƪf vỵ mỗ tcỵdc
bêb sẢd pcẦg b lfờ tr bj cd `ợ ocỗ oc, @^L vợ bdiedsjte. Xf vfb dlud ocỗ
vợ dcợ gờy tdl bj cd s vởf tcfằt oằ mjd Ěíu iắd Ěằd cfỌd tƾỢdl ĚỆdc tcêp B->5
tcƾỗdl xuyëd mỏ dlầp `ềdl, ly dluy cfỂg bc bêb tcfằt mỏ ocêb vỵ `ỵg lfẢg cfỌu suất

tcu cỒf sẢd pcẦg `ềdl.
Yrdl pcẪg vf ĚỒ êd tùt dlcfỌp dỵy, têb lfẢ sặ sủ iụdl pcƾƪdl pcêp g pcềdl oằt
cỢp vf sự `fu tcb t pcd tỗbc vợ ờdc lfê bêb yằu tù Ảdc cƾốdl `ëd q tràdc vầd
cỵdc tcêp B->5 dcẺg Ěƾj rj ĚƾỢb quy tràdc vầd cỵdc tùf ƾu trdl lfjf ĚẪd cfỌd djy.
ĞỒ êd býd Ěƾj rj ĚỊ xuất pcƾƪdl pcêp lfûp lfẢf quyằt tàdc trẪdl dlầp `ềdl ĚỆdc tcêp
B->5, ddl bj cỌ sù tcu cỒf vỵ ddl bdl suất dcỵ gêy ĚỂ Ěêp Ủdl sỺ tcjy Ěổf dluỒd
dlud `fỌu Ěíu vỵ dcỵ gêy trdl tƾƪdl `jf.
 DỖf iudl bỬj ĚỒ êd lỒg >8 pcíd;
pcíd;
- Bcƾ
Bcƾƪdl
ƪdl :; Y
Ydl
dl qujd
qujd vv ocỗ
ocỗ tc
tcfởd
fởd dcfởd
dcfởd
- Bc
Bcdl
dl =; R
R `
`b
b v
v Dcợ
Dcợ gờy S `ữ
`ữ Oc
Ocỗỗ Ifdc
Ifdc Bự

- Bc
Bcdl
dl 2; G
G pcềdl
pcềdl bcằ ĚỖ vầd
vầd cỵdc
cỵdc G^LL
G^LL
- Bcƾƪ
Bcƾƪdl
dl 9; Ğêdc lfê vỵ
vỵ xêb Ěỏdc
Ěỏdc bcằ
bcằ ĚỖ vầd
vầd cỵdc
cỵdc tùf ƾu
ƾu bc tcêp B->5
B->5
- Bcƾƪ
Bcƾƪdl
dl 5; ĞỊ xuất
xuất pcƾƪdl
pcƾƪdl êd mổ sudl
sudl tcêp
tcêp B->5 gởf
gởf ĚỂ lfẢf
lfẢf quyằt
quyằt tàdc trẪdl
trẪdl dlầp
dlầp

`ềdl ĚỆdc tcêp b->5 cfỌd tẪf vỵ ddl bj cfỌu suất tcu cỒf sẢd pcẦg `ềdl
- Oằt `uầd

 

:


 

BCơƮDL :; YộDL ZUJD XỎ OCÇ YCFËD
YCFËD DCFËD
:.:. Yổdl qujd v ocỗ tcfởd dcfởd
:.:.:. Ycợdc pcd vợ bờbc pcớd `af ocỗ tcfởd dcfởd
B dcfu bờbc pcd `f ocỗ tcfởd dcfëd. IỺj vỵ dluỒd lùb càdc tcỵdc b tcỂ bcfj
tcỵdc ocỗ truyd tcựdl vợ ocỗ pcf truyd tcựdl, ij vợ tcợdc pcớd tcợdc pcớd B =+
bcfj tcợdc ocỗ oc vợ ocỗ g, ij vợ tcợdc pcớd B2+bcfj tcợdc ocỗ lớy vợ ocỗ mổ
cb tce cợg `dl ocỗ jbfi `f b tc b bcfj tcợdc ocỗ bcuj vợ ocỗ dlat. Yuy
dcfởd trdl tcỺb tằ dlƾỗf tj vắd tcƾỗdl sủ iụdl bêbc pcd `Ẫf iỺj trëd dluỒd lùb
càdc tcỵdc dcất.  XfỌt Djg bŦdl dcƾ cíu cằt bêb dƾởb trëd tcằ lfởf cfd djy gf bc
ocjf tcờb b ocỗ truyd tcựdl, vợ Ě bŦdl `ỵ pcẪg vf ĚỊ bầp bỬj ĚỒ êd dợy _:, =W.
Ocỗ tcfởd dcfởd truyd tcựdl b bcfj tcợdc = `f `ợ ocỗ dl cợdc vợ ocỗ ocdl
dl cợdc.
:.:.:.:. Ocỗ ocỗ ocựdl dl cợdc (tfdl Jdc; dad-jssabfjtei ljs)
Ocỗ ocdl dl cợdc, cjy b laf `ợ ocỗ t dcfởd, b ocjf tcờb t bờb g rfởdl
mft, laf `ợ g ocỗ. Ocỗ t dcfởd b tcợdc pcớd bc yu `ợ ocỗ getcjde (BC 9) (b tc
`ởd d 63% tc tỗbc) vợ bêb cyirbjrmd ocêb dcƾ etcjde (B =C8), prpjde (B2C3),
 mutjde (B9C:>), pedtjde (B5C:=) vỵ bêb j`ojde ocêb _=W. Ycỵdc pcíd pcổ mfd bj ocỗ
t dcfởd b tc cfd trdl mdl :.:;
Mdl :.: Ycợdc pcd

pcd pc mfd
mfd bj ocỗ t dcfởd _:W
_:W
Ycợdc pcd

Bựdl tcb

Ddl tc tỗbc

Getcjde

BC9

<> - 6>%

Etcjde

B=C8

^rpjde

B2C3

Mutjde

B9C:>

Bjrmd Ifxfie

BA=

> 3%

Axyled

A=

> >.=%

Ycợdc pcd
Dftrled

Bựdl tcb
D=

Ddl tc tỗbc
> 5%

=

> =>%




Cyirled Ru`pcfie

C=R

> 5%

Ocỗ cfg
Jr, Ce, De, Se
:.:.:.=. Ocỗ dl cợdc (tfdl Jdc; jssabfjtei ljs)

Xt

Ocỗ dl cợdc `ợ ocỗ tcfởd dcfëd ĚƾỢb tàg tcấy bưdl iíu tc, b tcỂ ố iẪdl cỵ `ắd
vởf iíu tc cẼb tẪ tcỵdc ocdl lfjd pcỗj trởd `p iớu tc trdl g iớu. Ocỗ dl
cợdc ocf ĚƾỢb têbc ocềf iíu tc bcỦj `ƾỢdl `ởd cƪd etcjde (B =C8), prpjde (B2C3),
 mutjde (B9C:>) vỵ bêb cyirbjrmd dẼdl cd ocờb s vf ocỗ tcfởd dcfởd _=W. Ycợdc
pcớd pc mfd bj oc
ocỗỗ dl cợdc
cợdc b tc cfd trdl
trdl mdl ::.=;
.=;
Mdl :.=.
:.=. Ycợdc pcd
pcd pc mf
mfd
d bj ocỗ dl cợdc
cợdc _:W
Ycợdc pcd Bựdl tcb Ddl tc tỗbc
Getcjde

BC9

2> 3>%

Etcjde

^rpjde

B=C8
B2C3

:> ‒ =8%
< ‒ ==%

Mutjde

B9C:>

9 ‒ <%

≥ ^edtjde

B5+

: ‒ 2%

C=R, BA=, D=, ocỗ cfg,

Xt

R b gt bj C=A, D=, C =R vợ bờb cp bct bcj `u cudc trdl ocỗ tcfëd dcfëd sặ
Ảdc cƾốdl iắd Ěằd quê tràdc vầd bcuyỂd, bcằ mfằd vỵ tcfằt mỏ ĚƾỢb sủ iụdl dcƾ tẪ
cyirjte cjy `ợg lfg dcft tr vợ b tỗdc bj ocỗ tcfëd dcfëd, ly Ăd gýd tcfằt mỏ vỵ
Ěƾỗdl ùdl... _:, 2W
:.:.=. dl idl bj ocỗ tcfởd dcfởd
Ocỗ tcfởd dcfởd b sủ iụdl rỖdl râf vỵ trố tcỵdc gỖt pcíd qujd tradl trdl Ěỗf

sùdl bỬj bd dlƾỗf, gỖt sù Ủdl iụdl bc yu dc sju;


@ợ gt dcfởd `fu lfj idl, ocỗ tcfëd dcfëd ĚƾỢb Ěùt trdl bêb mằp lj, `ý lj du

ddl, sy oc,


@ợ gt dcfởd `fu bdl dlcfp, ocỗ tcfëd dcfëd ĚƾỢb Ěùt trdl bêb `ý lẪbc, lùg vỵ

`ý bj sd xut xf gdl. Ocỗ tcfởd dcfởd býd b sủ iụdl ĚỂ Ěùt bêb `ý Ěùt bêb tuj

2


 

 mfd dcfỌt ĚfỌd ĚỂ ppcêt
cêt ĚfỌd bbŦdl
Ŧdl dcƾ bbêb
êb `ý dấu tcỬy
tcỬy tfdc,
tfdc, `ý `uyỌd ofg
ofg `Ẫf vỵ
vỵ bcằ mfằd
tcỺb pcg,


Ocỗ tcfởd dcfởd b s idl `ợg dluyởd `fu ớu vỵ bc dlỵdc cj iíu ĚỂ tẪ rj

bêb bcất cj iíu. Bêb bcất cj iíu dỵy ĚƾỢb sủ iụdl `ỵg sẢd pcẦg bƪ số bc vfỌb sẢd
xuất pcd ĚẪg, mỖt lfẼt, iƾỢb pcẦg, bcất iế vỵ dcfỊu `Ẫf cỵdl cj ocờb _=W.
:.:.2. Ocjf tcờb bc mfd ocỗ vf dd ofdc tằ 
:.:.2.:. Yrëd tcằ lfởf
Xởf tràdc ĚỖ ocj cab cfỌd djy, t dluyởd `fu ocỗ t dcfởd vợ ocỗ dl cợdc, dlƾỗf tj
bcằ mfằd rj rất dcfỊu sẢd pcẦg ocêb dcju dcƾ; rƾỢu, j`iecyie,
j`iecyie, oetde, DC 2, bcất iế,
sỢf cj cab, pcd md, bcất tẦy rủj tổdl cỢp, bcất dổ, iíu dcỗd, dcfëd `fỌu bc ĚỖdl
bƪ Ěùt trdl, bj su tổdl cp,
Getcjde `ợ tcợdc pcớd bcỗdc trdl ocỗ tcfởd dcfởd. D ĚƾỢb sủ iụdl bcỬ yằu `ỵg
dcfëd `fỌu bc `ý vỵ dỒf cƪf. Etcjde, prpjde, mutjde vỵ cyirbjrmd dẼdl bcỬ yằu
iödl bc tổdl cỢp cỡu bƪ. Xà vầy ố bêb dƾởb bdl dlcfỌp pcêt trfỂd dluỒd dlud
`fỌu dỵy Ědl vjf trý rt qujd tradl.
Ocỗ tcfởd dcfởd ocdl bc budl bp dlud `fỌu `ỵ bêb cyirbjrmd gỵ ocf `ỵg sẪbc
trdl q tràdc bcằ mfằd dlƾỗf tj býd tcu ĚƾỢb `ƾỢdl `ởd `ƾu cuỲdc, Ce vỵ gỖt sù sẢd
 pcẦg v bƪ ocêb bc dỊd ofdc tằ qúb id. GỶ ĚỦdl Ěíu tcằ lfởf vỊ sẢd xuất Ce ‒ 
gỖt sẢd pcẦg qujd tradl trdl bdl dlc dlcfởd bu v tr, ocỗ quyd, o tcut tcg
`dc, sb oỗ. Bjdjij dl tc cjf v sd xuất cỢp bcất bcỦj `ƾu cuỲdc tữ bdl dlcfỌp
bcằ mfằd ocỗ.
Dlợy djy dcu bớu s idl dcfởd `fu ocỗ rt `ởd gỵ trỡ `ƾỢdl `Ẫf dlỵy bỵdl ocjd
cfằg, i Ě bcûdl tj pcẢf ocjf tcêb vỵ sủ iụdl gỖt bêbc cp `ữ. y `ợ vd jdl
b tc lff rt qujd tg _=W.
:.:.2.=. Xft Djg
Yr `dl ocỗ b tc pcờt cfd b tỗdc vợ ocdl :2>> t g 2 vỵ pcd mù trëd tỵd
`âdc tcổ, dcƾdl pcd mù tầp trudl ố bêb mỂ Bủu @dl, Djg Bd Rƪd vỵ Gj`jy - Ycổ
Bcu.
9


 

Bêb gề pcêt trfỂd Ěíu tfëd `ỵ ố YfỊd CẢf (Ycêf Màdc) dcƾdl và cỵg `ƾỢdl BA = q bj
(<5 - 35%) dëd ocdl b lfê trỏ ofdc tằ.
Yrëd
Yr
ëd tcỊg
tcỊg `ụb
`ụb j
j pcỗj
pcỗj djg
djg b bờ
bờbb g Mbc
Mbc C (:
(:63
638)
8),, f Cödl
Cödl (:66
(:669)
9),,
Mudljoeowj (:66<), gề ]Ồdl, ]Ẫdl Ğdl, @jd Yy, @jd
I ờd ocỗ tc dct `ợ dl ựdl id ocỗ tữ mỂ Bủu @dl (gề MẪbc Cổ, ]Ồdl vỵ ĞẪf
Cưdl, Rƾ Yủ Yrạdl, Rƾ Yủ Ğed, Yë Lfêb Yrạdl) ĚƾỢb tcu lg j v dcợ gờy bc
mfd ocỗ Ifdc Bự (Mỵ ]ỏj ‒ XŦdl u). Bdl suất ocjf tcêb `ỵ : tỼ g 2/dĂg, bdl suất
tùf Ěj `ỵ = tỼ g2/dg.
I ờd ocỗ tc cjf `ợ dl ựdl id ocỗ = pcj Djg Bd Rƪd b bcfỊu iỵf 2<> og, b
bdl suất ocẢdl < tỼ g2/dĂg dcẺg tfằp dcầd, vầd bcuyd ocỗ t m Djg Bd Rd
budl bp bc bờb dcỵ gêy ĚfỌd, bêb ocu bdl dlcfỌp ố Mỵ ]ỏj Xdl Yợu, dl Djf,
tcợdc pcự C Bcỗ Gfdc. C tcựdl ocỗ Djg Bd Rd ot cp vf c tcựdl ocỗ Bu
@dl õ t dởd b s c tớdl ocỗ ựt qujd tradl trdl tjg lfêb ofdc tằ tradl ĚfỂg
vödl Ğdl Djg m; tcợdc pcự C Bcỗ Gfdc dl Djf Mợ ]j Xdl Yợu.

I ờd ocỗ tc 2 ĚƾỢb cỵd tcỵdc tcêdl 9 dĂg =>><, Ě `ỵ IỺ ờd ocỗ ^G2-Bợ Gju, ocỗ
tcfởd dcfởd ocu vb bcdl `d lfỡj XfỌt Djg vỵ Gj`jysfj Ěâ ĚƾỢb vầd bcuyỂd Ěƾj vỊ
XfỌt Djg budl bấp bc bêb cỖ tfëu tcụ (dcỵ gêy ĚfỌd Bỵ Gju :, Bỵ Gju =) mẺdl
Ěƾỗdl ùdl iợf 22> og, bdl sut = t g 2ocỗ/dg. ờdc iu mb ocf ớu ocf dl
bc bg Ocỗ fd ‒ ĞẪg ocu vỺb gfỊd Yy Djg MỖ.
Xởf tfỊg dĂdl `d v ocỗ, db tj b fu ofd pcờt trfd dlợdc bdl dlcfp iớu ocỗ
trởd tợd `õdc tc. Xfb ocjf tcờb vợ s idl tợf dluyởd tcfởd dcfởd quữ lfờ dợy, trdl
tdl `jf bdl dlcfp ocỗ s `ợ dlợdc tradl tg, Ědl vjf trý Ěêdl oỂ vỵ sỺ pcêt trfỂd
bỬj t db _:, =W.
:.=. Ycợdc pcd ocỗ tcfởd dcfởd gỖt sỚ gề ố XfỌt Djg
Rju Ěy `ỵ sù `fỌu tcựdl oở tcợdc pcớd ocỗ gt sự g Xft Djg.
Mdl :.2 Ycợdc
Ycợdc pcd ocỗ m Bu
Bu @adl (% tc tỗbc) _=W
_=W
Ycợdc
pcd

Mbc
C
(`ự >6)

]dl (`ự >6)
Ocỗỗ t
Oc
t dcf
dcfởd
ởd Ocỗ
Ocỗ ĚỒd
ĚỒdll cỵd

cỵdc
c
5

]Ẫdl
Ğùdl
(`ù :5-=)

]umy
(@ù
>:)




BC9
B=C8
B9C3
B5C:>
B5+
D=

<8.3=
::.3<
5.63
:.>9
>.2=
>.5>

BA

C=R=

:.->>

39.<<
<.==
2.98
:.<>
:.2>
-

<8.59
8.36
3.=5
>.<3
>.>5
-

<<.8=
:>.>9
8.69
=.32
>.6<
>.>2

<3.>=
:>.8<
8.<>
:.<9
>.23

>.8>

>.-9=
Mdl :.9 Ycợdc pcd ocỗ m Djg
Djg Bựd R
Rdd (% tc tỗbc)
tỗbc) _=W

f
Ycợdc Cửdl
pcd
(>5:j)
BC9
<<.=5
B=C8
6.96
B9C3
2.23
B5C:>
:.29
B5+
>.93
D=
9.5>
BA=
-

>.-><

@jd

Gb
@jd ]dl ựf Cf Ycbc
Yớy
Yfdc
(>8-:)
(::-=)
(>5-=)
(>8-:)
(>5-2)
33.5
9.2
=.9
>.8
:.9
>.2
:.6

62.6
3:.9:
3:.>>
36.99
=.2
5.=5
5.=>
2.3>
>.5
2.>8
=.3
:.93
>.:

:.9<
:.5>
>.<:
>.=
>.55
9.<>
>.59
:.8
>.>3
>.::
>.:5
:.=
5.89
9.9>
2.33
Bcj
>.>>
C=R
:>.>

Mdl :.5 Ycợdc pcd
pcd ocỗ m Gj`jy Yc Bcu (% ttc
c tỗbc) _=W
_=W
Ycợdc
pcd
BC9
B=C8
B9C3
B5C:>

^G2

UDABJ@

@ự @jd Yớy

<<.6:
8.38
9.>6
:.63

36.85
=.<9
>.9>
>.:<

36.9=
9.=8
=.23
:.:=

B5+=
D
BA=
C=R

>.39>=
<.38
-

=>.:>95
9.23
-

>.29=
:.33
=9 ppg

Ij vợ mj mdl trởd bc tcy ocỗ tcfởd dcfởd bờb g tcub m Bu @dl bc yu `ợ
ocỗ dl cợdc, býd ocỗ ố bêb gề tcuỖb mỂ Djg Bd Rƪd vỵ Gj`jy - Yc Bcu cớu ct
`ợ ocỗ t dcfởd. Xf cợg `ƾỢdl bj cƪd bêb bấu tủ dẼdl s vởf bêb m ocờb, ocỗ dl
cợdc t m Bu @dl `ợ dlud dluyëd `fỌu tùt bc vfỌb xủ `÷ tcu cỒf bêb sẢd pcẦg
`ềdl dcƾ @^L vỵ bdiedsjte b lfê trỏ ofdc t bj cd s vf vfb mờd ocỗ oc tcdl
pcg Ěƪd tcuíd.

8


 

:.2. Bùdl dlcỌ tcu cỒf DL@ trëd tcằ lfởf
Bêb dcỵ gờy bc mfd ocỗ cfd f dlợy djy tcdl sd xuất B =+, sju Ě pcd pcùf Ěằd
bêb dcỵ gêy ĚỂ pcd têbc rj bêb sẢd pcẦg rfëdl mfỌt töy gb ỗbc s idl. Zuờ trdc
dợy b laf `ợ tcu cf DL@. Gb ỗbc bj quờ trdc tcu cf DL@ `ợ;




g m tfởu bcud o tcut bc ocỗ oc,

g m vfb vd bcuyd ocỗ trdl dl ựdl jd tợd,



Ydl lfờ trỏ `Ợf dcuầd tữ vfỌb mêd bêb sẢd pcẦg b lfê trỏ ofdc tằ bj cƪd dcƾ
B= bc cj iíu, @^L `ợg dcfởd `fu vợ bdiedsjte bc dcfu gb ỗbc s idl
ocờb dcju _:W.

Ocỗ tcfởd dcfởd oc dldl t, ýf cf pcẢf `ỵg `Ẫdc su. DcfỌt ĚỖ cj `ềdl bỬj
getcjde `ỵ -:8=B, bỬj etcjde `ỵ -36 B vỵ bỬj prpjde `ỵ -9=B _9W.
B dcfỊu pcƾƪdl pcêp tcu cỒf DL@ ĚƾỢb sủ iụdl trdl tcỺb tằ, dcƾ cấp pcụ vỵ `ỵg
`Ẫdc, tưy tcuỖb vỵ gỦb ĚỖ bíd tcu cỒf bỬj DL@ gỵ sủ iụdl pcƾƪdl pcêp bc pcö
cỢp. Yrdl Ě, pcƾƪdl pcêp `ỵg `Ẫdc ĚƾỢb sủ iụdl pcổ mfằd cƪd.
 Dcỵ gêy sủ iụdl pcƾƪdl pcêp `ỵg `Ẫdc tcƾỗdl cẪt ĚỖdl ố dcfỌt ĚỖ iƾởf -<> B. 
dcfỌt ĚỖ dỵy, cíu cằt etcjde vỵ líd dcƾ tỵd mỖ B 2+ ĚƾỢb tcu cỒf. Dcỵ gêy sủ iụdl
 pcƾƪdl pcêp cấp tcụ b
b  bcỆ sù tcu cỒf B 2+ vỵ ocẢdl <>% Ěằd 6>%, vỵ tỆ `Ọ tcu cỒf
etcjde trdl ocẢdl tữ =>-9>%. Yrdl ocf Ě, dcỵ gêy sủ iụdl pcƾƪdl pcêp `ỵg
`Ẫdc b bcỆ sù tcu cỒf prpjde trëd 6>% vỵ bcỆ sù tcu cỒf etcjde trëd 8>% _5W.
R sêdc (gỖt bêbc tƾƪdl Ěùf) tỆ `Ọ tcu cỒf DL@ bỬj bêb pcƾƪdl pcêp pcổ mfằd cfỌd
djy ĚƾỢb tcỂ cfỌd ố càdc :.:;

<