Tài liệu Toefl cbt book part 36 ppt

22. C: He wrote about the sea before he experienced it and then again
afterwards.
23. B: One was written from experience and the other was not.
24. C: Termites are quite different from ants, but their social structure is similar.
25. C: Termites that have been transplanted to an area.
26. B: Pottery.
27. B: Termites can be beneficial to the ecological system.
28. A: Subterranean termites enter only from the soil.
29. B: Treating the entire structure by tenting.
Structure Section
1. A: that is expected. The relative pronoun that joins the two phrases: to study
a new procedure and the new procedure is expected to eliminate. The expec-
tation must be in the passive voice because the procedure does not expect
anything. The form for passive voice is form of be + verb in past participle
form.
2. C: anothers. This can never be a word because others is the correct pronoun
for a plural noun, while the prefix an- is used for singular.
3. C: with hopes of. This is an idiomatic expression. D would be correct if the
verb improving were in the simple form, improve.
4. B: because it both provides. The expression is both. . . and. . . . The both
should appear immediately before the word being compared. In this case
there are two verbs, provides and uses. A is incorrect not only because it is
missing the but also, which is needed to complete the construction, but also
because the not only is out of place. It would also appear just before the verb.
D is missing an important word because the expression is as a result of.
5. D: rise. The correct word would be raise because it is a transitive verb,
meaning it is followed by a direct object, their test scores.
6. B: not to write. The verb instruct is followed by the infinitive (to + verb in
simple form). The negative is formed by adding not before the infinitive.
7. C: dinosaurs became extinct. This is an embedded question, and thus the or-
der is subject + verb, with no auxiliary.

8. D: because. The expression must be because of because it is followed by a
noun phrase, the low scores.
9. A: had not been. Use the past perfect construction in past condition.
10. B: supporting. Decide must be followed by the infinitive, to support.
11. A: the jeep had been left. After the question word in an embedded question,
the order is subject + verb.
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12. A: had allowed the photographers to enter the building. B is incorrect because
let is followed by the verb in simple form, not an infinitive. C is incorrect be-
cause after because there must be a clause, and the word permitting sets up a
phrase, not a clause. D is incorrect because the order is incorrect. After the
subject of the second clause, somebody, must appear the verb, not another
noun phrase. Also, documentation is a non-count noun and is not made plural.
13. C: the president’s not informing them. After the verb resented there must be a
noun phrase or a clause. It would also have been correct to say “resented the
president for not informing them of the meeting.” Remember that after a verb
that requires a gerund in the subordinate clause, any noun must be possessive.
Informing is a gerund because of resented.
14. D: Only after entering the store. After a limiting word (only) introduces a sen-
tence, the order of the subject and verb is altered. That is why this sentence
has the auxiliary did. A would have been correct if the order hadn’t been re-
versed: Upon entering the store, Arthur realized . . . .
15. B: are. The subject of the sentence is The congressman. The words in com-
mas after it are parenthetical and do not affect the verb. Thus the verb should
be singular, is.
16. A: Because. After because a clause must appear. After because of a noun
phrase must appear. The phrase the torrential rains that had devastated the
area is a noun phrase, so the sentence should begin with because of.

17. B: are. The subject of the sentence is lack. The prepositional phrases of sani-
tation and in restaurants are both irrelevant to the determination of the num-
ber of the verb. The verb should be is.
18. D: as the first. The comparative is formed with the adjective + -er or more +
adjective ... than. So the correct phrase is than the first.
19. C: have. The noun that controls the verb is cultivation. It is singular so the
verb should be has.
20. C: are causing. The subject that controls the verb is the decision. All the
other words after that are modifying the noun but do not affect the verb. The
correct verb phrase is is causing.
21. B: has been. The subject that controls the verb is species, which is plural, so
the verb should be have been.
22. C: diligent. This word needs to be an adverb (diligently) because it modifies
the verb had worked.
23. D: them pull. This is a reduced passive voice structure, combined with a
causative verb. The correct phrase would be having them pulled.
24. D: had he entered. After the word hardly at the beginning of a sentence, the
order is auxiliary + subject + main verb.
25. B: to change. After had better, which means the same as should and is used
in much the same way, the simple form, change, is required.
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Answers and Explanations
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Reading Section
1. D: In North and South America. This is explained in the first paragraph.
2. D: in the eastern part of North America. This is explained in the first
paragraph.
3. A: extremely tiny.
4. B: the giant hummingbird.
5. D: The speed at which a bee hummingbird’s wings beat is not actually

known. The author explains in paragraph five that they have not measured
this species yet.
6. A: they attach to the body at one point only. This is explained in the third
paragraph.
7. A: A helicopter. This is the only aircraft listed that can hover and move in dif-
ferent directions.
8. A: beak. The bill or beak is the mouth of the bird.
9. A: meager.
10. B: The structure of the feathers as well as pigmentation. This is explained in
paragraph four.
11. A: wing and possibly tail movement. This is explained in paragraph four.
12. D: The association is beneficial to each organism, although it provides more
benefit to the fungus. This is indicated in the third paragraph, in which the
author states, It appears that the fungus actually gains more benefit from the
relationship than does the alga.
13. B: formerly.
14. C: A lichen constituted a single plant. This is indicated in the first paragraph,
in which the author states, Previously, lichens were classified as single organ-
isms until scientists had the benefit of microscopes . . . .
15. C: close.
16. C: the joint benefit each organism receives from the relationship.
17. D: the fungus uses the carbohydrates manufactured by the alga. This is indi-
cated in the third paragraph, where the author states, Algae form simple car-
bohydrates that, when excreted, are absorbed by fungi cells and transformed
into a different carbohydrate.
18. A: singular/plural. The author explains in the first paragraph that fungus and
alga are singular and fungi and algae are plural forms of the words.
19. C: new organisms are grown from pieces of existing organisms. This is ex-
plained in the fourth paragraph, where the author states, Most botanists agree
that reproduction is vegetative because portions of an existing lichen break

off and fall away to begin a new organism nearby.
332
Part IV: Putting It All Together: Practice Tests
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20. D: algae are more sensitive to light than fungi. This is explained in the third
paragraph, in which the author states, Yet, fungi also contribute to the symbio-
sis by absorbing water vapor from the air and providing shade for the algae,
which are more sensitive to light.
21. D: close.
22. D: strong.
23. C: harsh.
24. D: reduce soil erosion.
25. C: Coin Grading — One of the Most Important Skills in Coin Collecting.
26. A: ability.
27. A: grade.
28. C: rare.
29. D: the number of coins of a given type and date that they were minted.
30. A: grade. The entire passage indicates this is the most important.
31. B, A, D, C: MS-60; AU-58; VF-20; AG-3.
32. B: Mint State. It has 11 numbered grades, from 60 to 70.
33. A: marks on a coin caused by banging from other coins. This is specifically
stated in the third paragraph.
34. B: sheen.
35. A: One small contact mark, full luster, good eye appeal, and no hairlines. B
has a large hairline and reduced luster. C has two kinds of marks and defec-
tive luster. D has been artificially cleaned, which you are told is a negative.
36. B: AU-56.
37. B: the only difference between an MS-60 and an AU-58 may be that the AU-58
has been in circulation. The distinction is that MS means Mint State, which
also means uncirculated. About Circulated means only slightly circulated.

38. B: other forms of hepatitis were known before the hepatitis C strain was dis-
covered. The author refers to hepatitis in general, and hepatitis C specifically,
implying that there are others.
39. C: inception.
40. C: Hepatitis C — Its Characteristics and Treatment.
41. A: vast. The word in this context is an intensifier, modifying majority.
42. A: standard.
43. D: people.
44. C: many people with hepatitis C were not addicts but simply experimented
with illegal drugs.
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Answers and Explanations
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45. C: learn the degree of damage to the liver.
46. C: only rarely results in liver cancer.
47. A: the medicine must be taken intravenously. It is injected, but not in the
vein.
48. B: liver.
Writing Section
Have your essay scored by a writing instructor or submit it to my Essay Grading
Service, which is described in the “How to Use This Book” section. The scoring
criteria appear at the beginning of the “Writing” chapter in Part III.
Practice Test 3
Listening Section
Part A
1. B: He is lost.
2. A: She is unable to teach her class.
3. B: He expected more people to attend the event.
4. B: Take his car in for repair.
5. C: He did not prepare adequately for the test.

6. D: He believes the interview went very well.
7. A: She had to work so she did not go to Seattle.
8. B: Another teacher chose the textbook.
9. C: She speaks well but does not write well.
10. B: That he had turned down the scholarship absolutely.
11. D: He was unable to buy the house.
12. B: His sister says that he uses the beach house too much.
13. A: She has no time to relax.
14. B: That she was moving away.
15. B: Susan’s father was injured in the fire.
334
Part IV: Putting It All Together: Practice Tests
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