Tài liệu Speaking and Writing Strategies for the TOEFL iBT part 12 docx

Independent Essay - 99




TASK: Use G+3TiC=C or G+2TiC=C and the six steps to demonstrate OPDUL=C for
each prompt below. Time yourself. You have 30 minutes. Check each essay for
coherence using the Independent Essay Proficiency Checklist on page 310. Rate
each essay using the Independent Essay Rating Guide on page 312.

Before an important exam, do you think it is better to prepare for a long
time or only for a few days? Give examples and reasons to support your
argument.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of living in a foreign
country? Give illustrations and reasons to develop your opinion.

Which teacher has had the greatest influence on your life? Why? Give
examples and reasons to support and develop your opinion.

Some prefer to stay home while on vacation while others prefer to travel.
Which do you prefer? Why? Give examples and reasons to support your
position.

Many people leave their home country. Why? Give illustrations and
reasons to support your argument.

What is your idea of the perfect neighborhood? Support your opinion
with examples and reasons.

When is the best time to go on a vacation? Support your argument using

examples and reasons.

Is it better to buy a product when you want it at the regular price or wait
for the product when it is on sale? Use examples and reasons to argue
your position.

In America, customers can return a purchased item for a full refund
within thirty days. Do you agree or disagree with this policy? Develop
your position with illustrations and reasons.

University education should be free. Do you agree or disagree? Why? Use
examples and reason to develop your argument.

Compare and contrast the advantages and disadvantages of using a cell
phone. Give illustrations and reasons to support your opinion.

Do you agree or disagree. Every student should travel or work for a year
being going to university or college. Support your argument using
examples and reasons.

Writing Practice

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100 - Independent Essay




In this chapter, you learned how to write and revise a variety of independent essays
using G+3TiC=C
and G+2TiC=C and the six steps. By doing so, you can
demonstrate OPDUL=C
in an independent essay.

Note: Total writing time is 30 minutes.

Test-takers who get high independent essay scores have practiced
writing a lot.

Remember!
Carefully read the prompt; formulate an opinion.
#1
Type a first draft.
#3
Check your first draft for Coherence using OPDUL=C.

#4
Revise your first draft using your revision checklist.

#5
Submit your essay.


#6

Make a note map; state your opinion (G); restate it in

your conclusion (C); develop examples (3TiC).


#2
What Have You Learned?

Integrated Essay - 101




The integrated essay will test your ability to integrate three skills: reading, listening
and writing objectively. First, you will read and summarize a reading passage.
Next, you will listen to and summarize a lecture on the same topic as in the
reading. Finally, you will integrate (combine) both summaries in a short, fact-based
essay. You may take notes. You must type your essay. The task order follows.

For this task, you will write one essay; however, there are two prompt types: the
argument-counter argument prompt and the show-support prompt.















Task


Argument-Counter Argument Prompt

Summarize the points made in the lecture and show how they
cast doubt on the points made in the reading.

Show-Support Prompt

Summarize the points made in the lecture and show how they
add to and support the information in the reading.



Integrated Essay
Prompt Types

Time
1. Read a short academic passage. 3 minutes
2. Listen to a short lecture on the
same topic as in the reading.

2-3 minutes
4. Write an essay that integrates
the points in the reading and
the points in the lecture.

20 minutes
3. Read the prompt.
102 - Integrated Essay
y

Which integrated writing prompt can I expect on test day?

Expect the argument-counter argument prompt. ETS uses this prompt more
often.

For this task, you will summarize the personal-opinion arguments made by two
professors. Look at the following prompt.








For this task, you must:

 take notes as you read and listen;
 summarize the main points in the reading and in the lecture;
 synthesize the main points in the reading and in the lecture;
 paraphrase the main points in the reading and in the lecture;
 demonstrate how the lecture “casts doubt on” the reading.

You can proficiently demonstrate all of the above using G+3TiC=C to map out and
write your integrated essay. By doing so, your essay will demonstrate OPDUL=C
.
Note the changes ** to OPDUL=C
for the integrated essay.

Prompt Summarize the points made in the lecture and show
how they cast doubt on the points made in the
reading.

Organization
• point-by-point or block style **
Progression
• general-specific or specific-general
Development-Summarization **
• introduction, body, conclusion
Unity-Synthesis **
• topical and grammatical

Language Use-Paraphrasing **
• word choice, idioms, sentence variety
O

P

D

U

L

Coherent
Integrated
Essay
C

Argument-Counter Argument Essay

Q

A

Integrated Essay - 103




Understanding ETS’s testing method for this task is the first step in writing a
coherent argument-counter argument integrated essay. Read the following

passages. Note
: The passages have been simplified for demonstration purposes.





















In the above passage, the author argues for oil companies. Now read as you listen
to a lecture on the same topic. Note
: On test day, you will only hear the lecture.

Personally, I believe that oil companies are a vital part of
the American economy.
First, oil companies create thousands of jobs. They need
geologists to find new oil reserves and engineers to bring them
to market. Economists predict this segment of the job market
will continue to grow.
In addition, oil companies pay taxes that build roads and
bridges. Last year, big oil paid over $100 billion dollars in tax
revenue. America needs this money to maintain its
infrastructure.
Finally, the products oil companies make are the life-blood
of many industries. Oil is vital for the transportation and
plastics industries. These segments of the economy would

disappear without oil.
In sum, oil companies are critical to America’s health and
well being.





On the contrary, oil companies do more harm than good.

For starters, big oil eliminates jobs to increase profits. Last
year, oil companies reduced their work force by 25% while
profits were up 50% percent. This trend does not appear to be
changing.

Also, oil companies avoid paying taxes by moving overseas.
One company, Hamilton, moved to Dubai to reduce its U.S.
corporate tax rate. How does this help our roads and bridges?

Worse, petroleum products are the number one cause of
global warming. Every day cars pour billions of tons of CO2
into the atmosphere. CO2 has been directly linked to the
greenhouse effect.

The evidence is clear: Oil companies do more harm than good.

ETS’s Testing Method

CD
Track

#1