Tài liệu Speaking and Writing Strategies for the TOEFL iBT part 13 docx

Integrated Essay - 109














Some body paragraphs will not start with a transition. In this case,
use formatting to identify them. For example, look at the following
body paragraphs. Notice how the first sentence of each body
paragraph is indented (moved in from the margin). This formatting
style signals the start of a new body paragraph when there is no
transition. A new body paragraph signals the start of another
supporting example (TiC), or the conclusion. Notice how the last
indentation signals the start of the conclusion. This, in turn, signals a
restating of the author’s opinion. Note
: Body paragraphs can also be
separated by a space.

Finally, and this point I really want to stress: What I do
in the privacy of my home is nobody’s business but my own.
Period. I don’t need the government telling me what I can or
can’t do with my computer. The United States is a democracy
not a dictatorship.
To sum up, just because I refuse to pay for downloaded
music does not make me a felon. The real criminals are those
in government and business determined to deny music-loving
individuals their right to freedom and privacy.



If you’re like me, you love to share music with your
friends by downloading it from their computers. This is not

stealing music. Hardly. My friends and I are simply sharing
songs. In fact, I share music with people all over the world,
people I don’t know and will never meet. This process is called
P2P or peer-to-peer file sharing. Now think: Is sharing
something that you love a crime? I don’t think so.
I really want to stress this point: what I do in the privacy
of my home is nobody’s business but my own. Period. I don’t
need the government telling me what I can or can’t do with my
computer. The United States is a democracy not a dictatorship.
Just because I refuse to pay for downloaded music does
not make me a felon. The real criminals are those in
government and business determined to deny music-loving
individuals their right to freedom and privacy.

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110 - Integrated Essay
y

After you identify the body paragraphs, summarize them as follows:





Use the third person singular and the present tense (He says…She
says…It says…) Note: When taking notes, don’t worry about
grammar and spelling, etc. Just write.

Summarize the topic of each body paragraph after the transition (T).
Next, identify the supporting illustration (i) and summarize it.

Ti first reading says internet is a democracy; downloading
music example of internet democracy
C because internet is democracy music is free

Ti next friends just sharing music example P2P
C sharing love for music not stealing, not a crime

Ti finally author talks about privacy, example his home
C what he does in home no business of government or
music companies
Write objectively.


1


Ti first reading says internet is a democracy; downloading
music example of internet democracy
C because internet is democracy music is free

Ti next friends just sharing music example P2P
C sharing love for music not stealing, not a crime

Ti finally author talks about privacy, example his home
C what he does in home no business of government or
music companies
Identify the topic in each body paragraph.


2

Integrated Essay - 111



The cause-and-effect relationship in each body paragraph is the
reason (main point) that supports the author’s argument. Write each
reason beside C
.

Often the author will restate his/her opinion in the conclusion. Opinions in the
conclusion are restated using synonyms.






opinion






restated

opinion

Music. We all love it. In fact, I’m listening to music right
now, music I downloaded off the internet without paying for it.
That’s right. I didn’t pay a nickel. Not one red cent. And for
that, many would call me a criminal. Well, go right ahead. As
far as I’m concerned, downloading music off the internet
without paying for it is not a crime. Why not?


body paragraphs


To sum up, just because I refuse to pay for downloaded
music does not make me a felon. The real criminals are those
in government and business determined to deny music-loving
individuals their right to freedom and privacy.









Identify the cause-and-effect relationship.

3


Ti first reading says internet is a democracy; downloading
music example of internet democracy
C because internet is democracy, music is free

Ti next friends just sharing music example P2P
C sharing love for music not stealing, not a crime

Ti finally author talks about privacy, example his home
C what he does in home no business of government or
music companies
Summarize the Conclusion (C)

112 - Integrated Essay
y

Next, summarize the main point in the conclusion. The main point is the author’s
restated opinion expressed in a cause-and-effect relationship. Write it beside C
.
Use third person singular and the present tense.

You now have a completed note map summarizing the main points in the reading.

























Why do I need a note map for the reading if the prompt says I only have to
“summarize the points made in the lecture”?

For three reasons.

1) You must demonstrate to the raters that you understand the argument
in the reading.

2) In your essay, you will demonstrate how each point in the lecture counter
argues each point in the reading.

3) Greater argument-counter argument development (OPDUL=C) = greater
coherence (OPDUL=C) = a higher score.



C in sum author says not a felon if he doesn’t pay,
government and music companies deny freedom
and privacy, they are the criminals,
US democracy not dictatorship





Reading

G reading says downloading music off web without paying is
not a crime

Ti first reading says internet is a democracy; downloading
music is example of internet democracy
C because internet is democracy, music is free

Ti next friends just sharing music, example P2P
C sharing love for music is not stealing, not a crime

Ti finally author talks about privacy, example his home
C what he does at home is no business of government or
music companies

C in sum author says he is not a felon if he doesn’t pay,
govt and music companies deny freedom and privacy,
they are the criminals, US democracy not dictatorship

A

Q

Integrated Essay - 113



When the reading time is up, the reading passage will leave your computer screen.
It will be replaced by the lecture. The lecture will be 2-3 minutes long. You cannot
replay the lecture. That means you must take good notes. An important part of
taking good lecture notes is being able to predict the counter argument in the
lecture.




The author in the sample reading argues that it is not a crime to download music
and not pay for it. In contrast, the lecturer will argue the opposite (counter argue).

She will say that it is a crime not to pay for downloaded music. Let’s call it the
black-and-white rule.




The black-and-white rule is simple: If the reading says “Black!”, the lecture will say
the opposite, “White!” If the reading says “White!”, the lecture will say “Black!”
Being able to predict the counter argument this way will help you anticipate the
main points in the lecture and take notes more quickly and proficiently.





reading lecture




argument counter argument





For many test-takers, the hardest part of the integrated writing task is the lecture.
Why? Because there are a lot of new words. Moreover, you hear the lecture only
once. What should you do to take effective notes as you listen? Do the following.

1. Look at the Lecture side of your note map.
2. Anticipate the counter argument using the black-and-white rule.
3. Listen for signals words that identify the opinion.
4. Listen for the cause-and-effect relationship in the opinion.
Listen to the lecture.
Step #2
Predicting the Counter-Argument in the Lecture

The Black-and-White Rule

black

white

Listening Strategies

Topic