570 ACADEMIC WORD FAMILIES FOR IELTS (WITH VIETNAMESE MEANING)

Nhóm 1
ðinh Nho Hiệp –
- 1 -

Analysis: Sự phân tích
Chemical analysis of the woman’s dress revealed traces of blood.
The book is an analysis of poverty and its causes.
At the meeting they presented a detailed analysis of twelve schools.
• analyse / • analyze
• analyst
• analytic = isolating
• analytical
• analytically

Approach: Phương pháp, tiếp cận
We need to adopt a different approach to the problem
What's the best way of approaching this problem?
• approachable / • unapproachable

Area: Phạm vi hiểu biết, chuyên môn
Software is not really my area of expertise

Assess: ðánh giá
The tests are designed to assess a child's reading skills.
It's difficult to assess the effects of these changes.
Interviews allow you to assess the suitability of candidates.
• assessable
• assessment
• reassess
• reassessment

Assume: Cho rằng, giả ñịnh
Everything was quiet when I got home so I assumed that you had gone out.
Let us assume for a moment that the plan succeeds.
She would, he assumed, be home at the usual time.
In this example we have assumed a unit price of $10.
I had assumed him to be a Belgian.
• assumed
• assuming
• assumption

Authority: Chuyên gia
She is an authority on seventeenth-century English literature
• authoritative
• authoritatively
Nhóm 1
ðinh Nho Hiệp –
- 2 -

Available: Có thể mua ñược, sử dụng ñược
This information is available free on the Internet.
The new drug is not yet available to the public.
When will the information be made available?
We'll send you a copy as soon as it becomes available.
• availability
• unavailability
• unavailable

Benefit: Lợi thế, lợi ích
He couldn't see the benefit of arguing any longer.
I had the benefit of a good education

For maximum benefit, take the tablets before meals.
• beneficial
• beneficiary

Concept: Khái niệm
He can't grasp the basic concepts of mathematics
Concepts such as ‘civilization’ and ‘government’
• conception
• conceptual
• conceptualize
• conceptually

Consist: Bao gồm, gồm có
A dessert consisting of fruit and cream (chứa ñựng)
The beauty of the city consists in its magnificent buildings. (chính)
• consistency / • inconsistency
• consistent / • inconsistent
• consistently / • inconsistently

Constitute: (~establish, set up) Thiết lập, thành lập
The committee was constituted in 1974 by an Act of Parliament
• constituency
• constituent
• constitution
• constitutional / • unconstitutional
• constitutionally / • unconstitutionally
• constitutive

Nhóm 1
ðinh Nho Hiệp –

- 3 -

Context: Trong hoàn cảnh
This speech needs to be set in the context of Britain in the 1960s.
His decision can only be understood in context.
• contextual
• contextualization
• contextualize
• contextually

Contract: Hợp ñồng
• contractor

Create: Tạo ra, gây nên
The snow created further problems
Scientists disagree about how the universe was created.
The government plans to create more jobs for young people.
• creation / • recreation

• creative
• creatively
• creativity
• creator
• recreate

Data: Thông tin

Define: Chắc chắn
I've heard rumours, but nothing definite
Your duties are clearly defined in the contract.

Can you define what it means to be an American?
• definable
• definition
• redefine
• redefinition
• undefined

Derive: Nhận ñược, lấy ñược từ… tìm thấy nguồn gốc từ
The name derives from Latin.
The word ‘politics’ is derived from a Greek word meaning ‘city/ He derived great
pleasure from painting
• derivation
• derivative
Nhóm 1
ðinh Nho Hiệp –
- 4 -

Distribute: Phân phối, phân phát
The organization distributed food to the earthquake victims
• distribution
• distributional
• distributive
• distributor
• redistribute
• redistribution
• redistributive

Economic: Thuộc kinh tế
The economy is in recession
• economical

• economically
• economics
• economist
• economy
• uneconomic
• uneconomical

Environment: Môi trường
An unhappy home environment can affect a child's behaviour
• environmental
• environmentalism
• environmentalist
• environmentally

Establish: Thành lập, thiết lập, củng cố
The committee was established in 1912
Let's establish some ground rules.
• established / • disestablish
• establishment / • disestablishment

Estimate: ðịnh giá, ñánh giá, ước lượng
I can give you a rough estimate of the amount of wood you will need
Official government estimates of traffic growth over the next decade
• estimation
• overestimate
• overestimation
• underestimate
Nhóm 1
ðinh Nho Hiệp –
- 5 -

Evident: Hiển nhiên, rõ ràng (~obvious)
It was evident from his voice that he was upset.
The growing interest in history is clearly evident in the number of people visiting
museums and country houses
• evidence
• evidential
• evidently

Export: Xuất khẩu
90% of the engines are exported to Europe
• exporter

Factor: Nhân tố, yếu tố
The result will depend on a number of different factors

Finance: Tài chính, tiền bạc
Finance for education comes from taxpayers
• financial
• financially
• financier

Formula: Công thức
• formulate / • reformulate
• formulation / • reformulation

Function: Chức năng
The function of the heart is to pump blood through the body
• functional
• functionally

Identify: Nhận ra, nhận diện (= ID)
She was able to identify her attacker
Many of those arrested refused to identify themselves (= would not say who they
were).
The gunman in Wednesday's attack has been identified as Lee Giggs, an
unemployed truck driver.
• identifiable
• identification



Nhóm 1
ðinh Nho Hiệp –
- 6 -

Income: Thu nhập
They receive a proportion of their income from the sale of goods and services

Indicate: (~show, point) Chỉ ra, biểu lộ
The signpost indicated the right road for us to follow
Research indicates that eating habits are changing fast.
• indication
• indicative
• indicator (=blinker)

Invidual: Riêng rẻ, riêng biệt
We interviewed each individual member of the community
• individualism
• individualist

• individualistic
• individuality
• individually

Interpret: Giải thích, làm sáng tỏ
The students were asked to interpret the poem
• interpretable
• interpretation
• interpretative
• interpretive
• misinterpret
• misinterpretation
• reinterpret
• reinterpretation

Involve: (~entail) Bao gồm, dính dáng ñến
The test will involve answering questions about a photograph.
The job involves my travelling all over the country.
Many of the crimes involved drugs
• involved
• involvement
•

uninvolved


Issue: Vấn ñề
This is a big issue; we need more time to think about it
• issuer
Nhóm 1

ðinh Nho Hiệp –
- 7 -

Labour: Lao ñộng (chân tay)
The company wants to keep down labour costs
• labor

Legal: Hợp pháp
They are currently facing a long legal battle in the US courts
• legality
• legally
• illegal
• illegality
• illegally

Legislate: Lập pháp
The government will legislate against discrimination in the workplace
• legislation
• legislative
• legislator
• legislature

Major = most of/most = serious = huge >big
We have encountered major problems
• majority

Method: Phương pháp, cách thức
A new method of solving the problem
• methodical
• methodically

• methodological
• methodologically
• methodology

Occur: (~happen) Xảy ra, xảy ñến (ñột ngột)
Something unexpected occurred
According to the police, the shooting occurred at about 12.30 a.m.
• occurrence
• reoccur

Per cent: Phần trăm
Poor families spend about 80 to 90 per cent of their income on food
• percentage

Nhóm 1
ðinh Nho Hiệp –
- 8 -

Period: Giai ñoạn, khoảng thời gian
The factory will be closed down over a 2-year period/a period of two years
• periodic
• periodical
• periodically

Policy: Chính sách, ñường lối hành ñông (Chính phủ, ðảng, Nhà Nước…)
They have had a significant change in policy on paternity leave.

Pinciple: Nguyên tắc
I refuse to lie about it; it's against my principles.
Stick to your principles and tell him you won't do it.

• principled
• unprincipled

Proceed = continue = go on = tiếp tục = tiến hành = tiến trình
We're not sure whether we still want to proceed with the sale
She sat down and proceeded to tell me about her skiing trip.
He outlined his plans and then proceeded to explain them in more detail.
Work is proceeding slowly.
• procedural
• procedure
• proceeding
• proceeds

Process: Quá trình, sự tiến triển
We're in the process of selling our house
• processing

Require: (~need) ðòi hỏi, yêu cầu
what do you require of me?
True marriage requires us to show trust and loyalty.
Lentils do not require soaking before cooking. (ðậu không cần ngâm…)
• requirement

Research: (v.n) Nghiên cứu
To research into the causes of cancer
I've done some research to find out the cheapest way of travelling there
• researcher


Nhóm 1

ðinh Nho Hiệp –
- 9 -

Respond: ðáp lại, hưởng ứng
When asked about the company's future, the director responded that he remained
optimistic
• respondent
• response
• responsive
• responsively
• responsiveness
• unresponsive

Role: Vai trò
It is one of the greatest roles she has played
The role of the teacher in the classroom
This part of the brain plays an important role in learning.

Section (V: cắt, phân chia N: phần cắt ra)
The library has a large biology section

Sector (area, zone): Khu vực (kinh tế, kĩ thuật)
the manufacturing sector

Significant: Quan trọng, trọng ñại, ñầy ý nghĩa
It is significant that girls generally do better in examinations than boys
There are no significant differences between the two groups of students.
Your work has shown a significant improvement.
• significance
• significantly

• signify
• insignificance
• insignificant
• insignificantly

Similar: Tương tự
My teaching style is similar to that of most other teachers.
The two houses are similar in size
The brothers look very similar.
• similarity
• similarly

Source: Nguồn, nguồn gốc.
Your local library will be a useful source of information.
Nhóm 1
ðinh Nho Hiệp –
- 10 -

Specific: Dứt khoát, rõ ràng, chi tiết, chính xác
I gave you specific instructions
‘I'd like your help tomorrow.’ ‘Can you be more specific’?
A specific purpose/reason
Could we arrange a specific time to meet?
• specifically
• specification
• specificity
• specifics
• unidentifiable

Structure: Cấu trúc

The grammatical structures of a language
• structural
• structurally
• restructuring
• restructure

• unstructured

Theory: Giả ñịnh, học thuyết
I have this theory that most people prefer being at work to being at home
• theoretical
• theoretically
• theoretician
• theorist

Vary: Thay ñổi (mức ñộ nhỏ) (ngọai, nội)
The menu varies with the season
Class numbers vary between 25 and 30.
What time do you start work?’ ‘It varies.’
The aerobics instructor varies the routine each week
• variability
• variable
• variably
• variance
• variant
• variation
• varied
• invariable
• invariably
Nhóm 2

ðinh Nho Hiệp –

- 1 -

Achieve: v. Thành công (~accomplish)
Their background gives them little chance of achieving at school.
• achievable
• achievement

Acquire: Thu ñược, ñạt ñược
She has acquired a good knowledge of English
How long will it take to acquire the necessary skills?
He has acquired a reputation for dishonesty.
The company has just acquired new premises.
• acquisition

Administration: (~managing) Sự trông nom, sự quản lý; sự cai quản, sự cai trị
She has little experience in administration (= in organizing a business, etc.).
Teachers complain that more of their time is taken up with administration than with
teaching.
• admin
• administrative
• administratively
• administrator

Affect: Ảnh hưởng ñến, tác ñộng ñến
Your opinion will not affect my decision
It's a disease which affects many older people.
How will these changes affect us?
• affective

• affectively
• unaffected

Appropriate: (~suitable) Phù hợp
Appropriate for something: Jeans are not appropriate for a formal party.
Appropriate to something: The book was written in a style appropriate to the age of the
children.
• appropriacy / • inappropriacy
• appropriately
• appropriateness
• inappropriate
• inappropriately
• inappropriateness

Nhóm 2
ðinh Nho Hiệp –

- 2 -

Aspect: Khía cạnh
She felt she had looked at the problem from every aspect.
The book aims to cover all aspects of city life.

Assist: (~help) Giúp ñỡ
We'll do all we can to assist you.
We will assist you in finding somewhere to live.
We are looking for people who would be willing to assist in the group's work.
Anyone willing to assist can contact this number.
• assistance
• assistant

• unassisted (=aided)

Category: Nhóm
The results can be divided into three main categories.
• categorization
• categorize

Chapter: Chương (sách)

Commission: Mệnh lệnh, ra lệnh
The government has set up a commission of inquiry into the disturbances at the prison.
• commissioner (=police commissioner)

Community: Phường, hội
The local community was shocked by the murders.
Health workers based in the community (= working with people in a local area)

Complex: (~complicated) Phức tạp
A complex argument/problem/subject
The complex structure of the human brain
• complexity

Compute: Ước tính
The losses were computed at £5 million.
• computable
• computation
• computational
• computer
• computing
Nhóm 2

ðinh Nho Hiệp –

- 3 -

Conclude: (~end) Kết thúc
The programme concluded with Stravinsky's ‘Rite of Spring’.
He concluded by wishing everyone a safe trip home
She concluded her speech with a quotation from Shakespeare.
The concert concluded with a firework display.
I would like to conclude by thanking you all for attending.
• conclusion
• conclusive / • inconclusive
• conclusively / • inconclusively

Conduct: Tiến hành, tổ chức
They conducted a vigorous campaign for a shorter working week.
To conduct an experiment/an inquiry/a survey

Consequence: (~result) Kết quả
To suffer/face/take the consequences of your actions
This decision could have serious consequences for the industry
Two hundred people lost their jobs as a direct consequence of the merger.
If you make him angry, you'll have to suffer the consequences.
• consequent
• consequently

Construct (~build) (thường ở thể bị ñộng) Xây dựng
When was the bridge constructed?
They constructed a shelter out of fallen branches.
The building was constructed in 1930.

• construction / • reconstruction
• constructive
• constructively
• reconstruct

Consumer: Khách hàng
Health-conscious consumers want more information about the food they buy
• consume
• consumption

Credit: Sự khen ngợi
I can't take all the credit for the show's success—it was a team effort.
• creditor

Nhóm 2
ðinh Nho Hiệp –

- 4 -

Culture: (Thuộc) văn hóa
Cultural differences between the two communities
• cultural
• culturally
• cultured
• uncultured

Design(v.n) Phác thảo, thiết kế, kiểu
The magazine will appear in a new design from next month.
There was a fault in the design of the aircraft.
The machine's unique design prevents it from overheating.

• designer

Distinct: (~diffirent)
(distinction): Khác nhau
The results of the survey fell into two distinct groups.
Jamaican reggae music is quite distinct from North American jazz or blues.
This word has three distinct meanings.
• distinction / • indistinct
• distinctive / • distinctively
• distinctly / • indistinctly
• distinctness

Element: Yếu tố
Cost was a key element in our decision

Equate: Coi ngang, ngang với
Many people equate wealth with happiness.
I don't see how you can equate the two things.
• equation

Evaluate: (~assess) ðánh giá, ước lượng
We need to evaluate how well the policy is working
Our research attempts to evaluate the effectiveness of the different drugs.
• evaluation / • re-evaluation
• evaluative
• re-evaluate



Nhóm 2

ðinh Nho Hiệp –

- 5 -

Feature: Nét ñặc trưng, tính năng riêng
An interesting feature of the city is the old market.
Which features do you look for when choosing a car?

Final: Cuối cùng
They find each other in the final chapter of the book
• finality
• finalization
• finalize
• finally

Focus (+on): Tập trung (+vào)
• refocus

Impact: Tác ñộng, ảnh hưởng
Her speech made a profound impact on everyone.
Latino singers have had a major impact on pop music this year.

Injury: Chấn thương
There were no injuries in the crash (= no people injured)
• injure
• injured
• uninjured

Institute: Viện, Học Viện
• institution

• institutional
• institutionalization
• institutionalize
• institutionalized
• institutionally

Invest: ðầu tư
Now is a good time to invest in the property market
• investment
• investor
• reinvest
• reinvestment

Nhóm 2
ðinh Nho Hiệp –

- 6 -

Item: ðồ, vật
Can I pay for each item separately?
• itemize

Journal: (~newspaper~magazine) Báo, tạp chí
Maintain: (~ keep) (~preserve )Giữ
The two countries have always maintained close relations.
To maintain law and order/standards/a balance
The army has been brought in to maintain order in the region.
• maintenance

Normal: Bình thường

It's normal to feel tired after such a long trip.
It's perfectly normal to feel some degree of stress at work.
That's a fairly normal weight for someone of your height.
Now that trains are running again things are back to normal.
He should be able to lead a perfectly normal life.
• normalcy
• normality
• normalization
• normalize
• normally / • abnormally
• abnormal

Obtain: (~get) Lấy ñược
I finally managed to obtain a copy of the report
He obtained a law degree from the University of California.
• obtainable / • unobtainable

Participate (~take part in) Tham gia
She didn't participate in the discussion
• participant
• participation
• participatory

Perceive = hiểu (understad) = trông thấy (see) = nhận thức, nhận thấy
She did not perceive herself as disabled.
I perceived a change in his behaviour.
The patient was perceived to have difficulty in breathing.
• perception
Nhóm 2
ðinh Nho Hiệp –

- 7 -

Positive: Tự tin, ñầy hi vọng
A positive attitude/outlook
She tried to be more positive about her new job
On the positive side, profits have increased.
• positively
Potential: Tiềm tàng, tiềm năng
A potential danger/threat
A potential customer
A number of potential buyers have expressed interest in the building.
• potentially

Previous: (~prior~before) Trước
No previous experience is necessary for this job.
The car has only had one previous owner.
She is his daughter from a previous marriage.
• previously
• previous to

Primary: (~prime; main; most important; basic) chính
The primary aim of this course is to improve your spoken English.
Her primary responsibility is to train new employees.
Our primary concern must be the children.
Good health care is of primary importance.
• primarily

Purchase: sự mua bán
Make a purchase (= buy something)

Keep your receipt as proof of purchase.
• purchaser
• purchasing

Range: Nhiều loại (~variety)
A range of colours/patterns
There is a full range of activities for children
The hotel offers a wide range of facilities.
We discussed a wide range of subjects.




Nhóm 2
ðinh Nho Hiệp –

- 8 -

Region: Vùng miền
People in the regions should not have to travel to London to fly to the United States
• regional
• regionally

Regulate: Chỉnh ñón, quy ñịnh
The activities of credit companies are regulated by law.
Laws regulating advertising
Babies find it difficult to regulate their body temperature.
It is up to the regulating authority to put the measures into effect.
• regulation
• regulator

• regulatory
• deregulate
• deregulation
• deregulatory
• unregulated

Relevant: (+to) Liên quan
Education should be relevant to children's needs.
A relevant suggestion/question/point
Do you have the relevant experience?
Send me all the relevant information.
• irrelevance
• irrelevancy
• irrelevant
• irrelevantly
• relevance
• relevantly

Reside: (~live) Cư trú
He returned to Britain in 1939, having resided abroad for many years.
Their passports do not give them the right to reside in Britain
• residence
• residency
• resident
• residential


Nhóm 2
ðinh Nho Hiệp –

- 9 -

Resource: Tài nguyên
The exploitation of minerals and other natural resources
We do not have the resources (= money) to update our computer software
• resourceful
• resourcefully
• resourcefulness
• under-resourced

Restrict: (~limit) Hạn chế
Restrict something to something
Speed is restricted to 30 mph in towns.
We restrict the number of students per class to 10.
• restricted
• restriction
• restrictive
• restrictively
• unrestricted

Secure: Chắc chắn, bảo ñảm, an toàn
It's not a very secure way to make a living.
The future of the company looks secure.
The building is secure against intruders
• securely
• security
• insecure
• insecurely
• insecurity

Seek: (~find~looking for) Tìm
Highly qualified secretary seeks employment.
They sought in vain for somewhere to shelter. (…Tìm kiếm trong vô vọng…)
• sought (past)

Select: (~choose~chose) Chọn
He hasn't been selected for the team.
• selection
• selective
• selectively
• selectivity
Nhóm 2
ðinh Nho Hiệp –

- 10 -

• selector

Site: Vùng ñất (Xây dựng)
A site has been chosen for the new school.

Strategy: Chiến lược
It's all part of an overall strategy to gain promotion
• strategic
• strategical
• strategically
• strategist

Survey: Khảo sát
A recent survey showed 75% of those questioned were in favour of the plan.

Carry out a survey…

Text: Chữ (sách, báo, văn bản)
Highlight the area of text on screen and press the ‘delete’ key.
textual

Tradition: Truyền thống
The company has a long tradition of fine design.
• traditional
• traditionalist
• traditionally
• non-traditional

Transfer: Di chuyển, sự di chuyển
How can I transfer money from my bank account to his?
• transferability
• transferable
• transference
Nhóm 3
ðinh Nho Hiệp –

- 1 -

Alternative: Sự lựa chọn
You can be paid in cash weekly or by cheque monthly; those are the two alternatives
• alternatively

Circumstance: Hoàn cảnh, trường hợp, tình huống
We were simply thrown together by circumstance on the long journey.

Comment: Lời nhận xét, lời bình
She made helpful comments on my work.
• commentary
• commentator

Compensate: Bồi thường
Her lawyers say she should be compensated for the suffering she had been caused.
• compensation
• compensatory

Component: Thành phần
Key components of the government's plan are…
Trust is a vital component in any relationship. (quan trọng…)

Consent: (permission, agreement) Sự ñồng í
He is charged with taking a car without the owner's consent.
• consensus
• consent

Considerable: (~significant)ðáng kể, lớn lao (amount, size, importance, etc.)
The project wasted a considerable amount of time and money
The damage has been considerable
.
Considerable progress has been made in finding a cure for the disease.
• considerably

Constant: Thường xuyên (kiên trì, chung thủy)
Babies need constant attention
This entrance is in constant use.
She's in constant pain.

• constancy
• constantly
• inconstancy
• inconstant
Nhóm 3
ðinh Nho Hiệp –

- 2 -

Constrain: Bắt ép
She felt constrained from continuing by the threat of losing her job.
To constrain someone to do something: ép buộc ai làm việc gì
Regulations that constrain industry
I'm constrained by decisions made in the past.
The evidence was so compelling that he felt constrained to accept it.
The company said that it was constrained to raise prices.
• constraint
• unconstrained

Contribute: ðóng góp, góp phần
We contributed £5000 to the earthquake fund.
• contribution
• contributor

Conventional: Tính truyền thống
It's not a hotel, in the conventional sense, but rather a whole village turned into a hotel.
• convene
• convention
• conventionality
• conventionally

• unconventional
• unconventionality
• unconventionally

Coordinate: Sự phối hợp, hợp tác
A pamphlet produced by the government in coordination with (= working together with)
the Sports Council
• coordination
• coordinator

Core: Nhân, lõi, nòng cốt
Concern for the environment is at the core of our policies.

Corporate: (thuộc) tổ chức
corporate finance/planning/strategy
The law applies to both individuals and corporate bodies.
• corporation


Nhóm 3
ðinh Nho Hiệp –

- 3 -

Corresponding: Tương ứng, ñối với
A change in the money supply brings a corresponding change in expenditure.
Profits have risen by 15 per cent compared with the corresponding period last year.
• correspond
• correspondence
• correspondingly

Criteria: Tiêu chuẩn
What criteria are used for assessing a student's ability?

Deduce: (~infer )Suy luận, suy diễn
From the contents of his shopping basket, I deduced that he was single.
We can deduce a lot from what people choose to buy.
• deducible
• deduction

Demonstrate: Chứng minh, giải thích (show)
Let me demonstrate to you some of the difficulties we are facing.
The theories were demonstrated to be false.
These problems demonstrate the importance of planning.
She demonstrated how to use the new software.
• demo
• demonstrable
• demonstrably
• demonstrate
• demonstration
• demonstrative
• demonstratively
• demonstrator

Document: Tư liệu (in trên giấy)
• documentation

Dominant: Mạnh nhất, quan trọng nhất, ñáng lưu í nhất
The dominant feature of the room was the large fireplace.
• dominance

• dominate
• domination


Nhóm 3
ðinh Nho Hiệp –

- 4 -

Emphasis: (~stress ) Tầm quan trọng
The emphasis is very much on learning the spoken language.
Schools are starting to place/put greater emphasis on passing exams.
To put/lay/place emphasis on something
We provide all types of information, with an emphasis on legal advice.
• emphasize
• emphatic
• emphatically

Ensure: Bảo ñảm, bảo hiểm
Victory ensured them a place in the final.

Exclude: Ngăn chặn, loại trừ
Try excluding fat from your diet.
Buses run every hour, Sundays excluded.
Women are still excluded from the club.
• excluding
• exclusion
• exclusionary
• exclusive
• exclusively

• exclusiveness

Framework: Khuôn khổ
We are currently exploring new approaches within existing frameworks of practice and
thinking

Fund: Quỹ
• funder
• funding

Illustrate: Minh họa
An illustrated children's book
His lecture was illustrated with photos taken during the expedition.
This new discovery illustrates how little we know about early human history.
• illustration
• illustrative



Nhóm 3
ðinh Nho Hiệp –

- 5 -

Immigrate: Nhập cư
About 6.6 million people immigrated to the United States in the 1970s.
• immigrant
• immigration
• immigration control

Imply: Ngụ í
Are you implying (that) I am wrong?
imply something

His silence seemed to imply agreement.
It was implied that we were at fault.
An implied criticism (ngụ í chỉ trích)

Initial: ðầu tiên, ban ñầu
In the initial stages (= at the beginning) of the campaig
My initial reaction was to decline the offer.
Initially, the system worked well.
• initially

Instance: Ví dụ
In most instances, there will be no need for further treatment.
Many teenagers earn money, for instance by babysitting or cleaning cars.
The report highlights a number of instances of injustice.

Interaction: Giao tiếp
Our work involves a lot of interaction with the customers.
The only thing he interacts with is his computer!
Teachers have a limited amount of time to interact with each child.
• interact
• interactive
• interactively
• interactivity

Justification: Biện minh
I can see no possible justification for any further tax increases.

There's no justification for treating her so badly.
• justifiable
• justifiably
• justified
• justify
• unjustified