recent trends in civil engineering pdf

Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering

K. K. Pathak
J. M. S. J. Bandara
Ramakant Agrawal   Editors

Recent
Trends
in Civil
Engineering
Select Proceedings of ICRTICE 2019


Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering
Volume 77

Series Editors
Marco di Prisco, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
Sheng-Hong Chen, School of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,
Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
Ioannis Vayas, Institute of Steel Structures, National Technical University of
Athens, Athens, Greece
Sanjay Kumar Shukla, School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup,
WA, Australia
Anuj Sharma, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
Nagesh Kumar, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Science
Bangalore, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
Chien Ming Wang, School of Civil Engineering, The University of Queensland,
Brisbane, QLD, Australia

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K. K. Pathak J. M. S. J. Bandara
Ramakant Agrawal
•

•

Editors

Recent Trends in Civil
Engineering
Select Proceedings of ICRTICE 2019

123
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Editors
K. K. Pathak
Indian Institute of Technology (BHU)
Varanasi, India

J. M. S. J. Bandara
University of Moratuwa
Colombo, Sri Lanka

Ramakant Agrawal
Medi-Caps University
Indore, India

ISSN 2366-2557
ISSN 2366-2565 (electronic)
Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering
ISBN 978-981-15-5194-9
ISBN 978-981-15-5195-6 (eBook)
/>© Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part
of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations,
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or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar
methodology now known or hereafter developed.
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this
publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from
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The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this
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herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard
to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721,
Singapore

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Organising Committee

Chief Patron
Shri R. C. Mittal, Chancellor, Medi-Caps University, Indore

Patrons
Shri Gopal Agrawal, Pro-Chancellor, Medi-Caps University, Indore
Prof. Dr. Sunil K. Somani, Vice-Chancellor, Medi-Caps University, Indore

General Chair
Dr. D. K. Panda, Dean (Engineering)

Organizing Committee Chair

Dr. Ramakant Agrawal, Head (Civil)

Program Chairs/Volume Editors
Dr. K. K. Pathak, IIT(BHU) Varanasi
Dr. J. M. S. J. Bandara, University of Moratuwa, Colombo, Srilanka
Dr. Ramakant Agrawal, Medi-Caps University, Indore

v

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vi

Organising Committee

Program Committee
Dr. Akil Ahmed, IIT, New Delhi
Dr. B. B. Das, NITK, Suratkal
Dr. Deepak Khare, IIT, Roorkee
DR. Goutam Das Gupta, Columbia University, New York
Dr. M. S. Hora, MANIT, Bhopal
Dr. Prachand Man Pradhan, Kathmandu University, Nepal
Dr. Reshma Rughooputh, University of Mauritius, Mauritius
Dr. R. K. Shrivastava, SGSITS, Indore
Dr. Sandeep Chaudhary, IIT, Indore
Dr. Sanjeev Chaudhary, IIT, Bombay
Dr. Sanjeev Saxena, CSIR-AMPRI, Bhopal
Dr. Vinod Tare, IIT, Kanpur
Dr. Vivek B., BITS Pilani, Dubai

Publicity Chairs
Mr. Alok Rarotiya
Mr. Shashank Agrawal
Mr. Vinay Joshi

Publication Chairs
Dr. Ramakant Agrawal
Mr. Chaitanya Mishra
Ms. Megharima Dutta
Ms. Nikita Thora

Registration Chairs
Mr. Ashwin Parihar
Mr. Raj Joshi
Ms. Monika Pagare

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Organising Committee

vii

Session Management Chairs
Dr. Rajeev Kumar
Dr. S. M. Narulkar
Mr. A. K. Deora
Mr. Ajit Kumar Jain
Mr. Ruchir Lashkari

Local Arrangement Chairs
Mr. Deepak Patel
Mr. Deepak Jain
Mr. Ubaid Hanfee

Members
Mr. Bhupendra Sirbiya
Mr. Anurag Tripathi
Mr. Ashwin Sharma
Mr. Abhishek Agrawal
Ms. Shweta Mandloi
Mr. Yash Mothe
Mr. Ankit Soni
Mr. Ajay Sinha

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Preface

This Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering volume contains documented versions
of the papers accepted at the International Conference on Recent Trends and
Innovations in Civil Engineering, 2019 (ICRTICE-2019). The conference was held
during September 26–28, 2019 at Medi-Caps University, Indore (Madhya Pradesh),
India.
This conference was a platform for academicians, researchers, and industry
delegates to present their research and contributions. The conference highlighted
emerging research on different disciplines of Civil Engineering. The objective of
this International Conference was to provide opportunities for the participants to

interact and exchange ideas, experience, and expertise in the recent technological
trends. Along with sharing, an array of lectures from eminent personalities in this
field was delivered to bring value to the conference.
The inauguration was held in the presence of Mr. Philip Mathew (ACC Limited)
and Dr. S. Bandara (University of Moratuwa, Colombo) on September 26 with their
enlightening talks. The keynote talks were delivered by Dr. K. K. Pathak (IIT
(BHU) Varanasi) and Dr. Manish Mudgal (AMPRI-CSIR, Bhopal). The conference
had been a good opportunity for participants from across the country. The sessions
were a perfect learning place with speakers from diverse expertise.
The sessions were mentored by academic leaders from IITs, Industries, and other
Institutes like Dr. Dilip Wagela, Dr. H. K. Mahiyar, Dr. R. K. Shrivastava,
Dr. Sandeep Choudhary, Dr. Saiket Sarkar, Dr. Vijay Rode, and Dr. S. M. Narulkar.
The areas covered in the sessions included Structural Engineering, Transportation
Engineering, Geotechnical engineering, Concrete Technology, Water Resources
Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Construction Technology and Management,
and recent technical topics that align with the theme of the conference. There were
82 papers in 7 sessions that filled the gaps in the recent researches and suggested
new measures and tools for improvising the existing state of research and applications of the new techniques and innovations.
A committee of external and internal reviewers was formed for a rigorous peer
review of submitted papers which were 184 in number. For maintaining the quality
of the conference, the committee took full efforts and helped to shortlist 82 papers
ix

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x

Preface

for the presentation. We are thankful to all the reviewers. Our acknowledgements
are due also to Prof. Aakash Chokrovorty and Mr. Maniarasan Gandhi who were a
constant support for communications with the Springer publications.
Finally, we take the privilege to thank all sponsors, committee members, volunteers, participants, press, print, and electronic media for the success of the
conference.
Varanasi, India
Colombo, Sri Lanka
Indore, India

K. K. Pathak
J. M. S. J. Bandara
Ramakant Agrawal

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Contents

Structural Engineering
Wind Analysis of High-Rise Building Using Computational Fluid
Dynamics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Prafulla Kishor Sharma and Suresh R. Parekar
Structural Performance of Modular Buildings: A Review . . . . . . . . . .
Ashok Jammi and Arul Jayachandran Sanjeevi
Application of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) in the Prediction
of Displacement of RC Frame Subjected to Earthquake . . . . . . . . . . .
R. Prabhakara, Pallavi Patil, Narayana Harish, and H. N. Jagannatha Reddy
Fatigue Crack Growth Analysis Using Surrogate Modelling
Techniques for Structural Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Geetu G. Kumar, T. Sivaranjani, D. V. T. G. Pavan Kumar,

and C. L. Mahesh Kumar
Dynamic Response of RC Slab Under Drop Test Retrofitted
with CFRP Strips Using NSM Technique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nandeesh M. Sreenivasappa, Arjun R. P. Reddy, H. N. Jagannatha Reddy,
and R. Prabhakara

3
19

43

55

67

Experimental Studies to Demonstrate the Effect of Clamping
Reinforcement on Shear Strength of GPC Adopting Push-Off
Specimens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
N. R. Harish Kumar, Sachin R. Biradar, R. Prabhakara,
and H. Jagannatha Reddy

83

Evaluation of Flexural Behaviour of Post-tensioned RC Beams
Strengthened Using CFRP Laminates with NSM Technique . . . . . . . .
Vathsala, H. N. Jagannatha Reddy, and R. Prabhakara

95

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xii

Contents

Analysis of Isotropic and Orthotropic Sandwich Bridge Decks . . . . . .
Preeti Agarwal, P. Pal, and P. K. Mehta
The Effect of Angle of Web Opening for Prediction of Ultimate
Failure Load of Castellated Beams by Experimental Investigation . . . .
Amol J. Mehetre and Rajashekhar S. Talikoti
Free Vibration Frequencies of Lock Gate Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Deepak Kumar Singh, Priyaranjan Pal, and Shashi Kant Duggal
Introspecting System Identification in Numerical Technique
for Inverse Identification Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Shalem Ernest and U. K. Dewangan
Effect of Steel Ratio on Dynamic Response of HSC Two Way Slab
Strengthened by Entrenched CFRP Strips Using Drop Test . . . . . . . .
Arjun R. P. Reddy, Nandeesh M. Sreenivasappa, R. Prabhakara,
and H. N. Jagannatha Reddy
Damage Detection Techniques to Identify the Unknown Damage
Parameters from the Structural Response Data in Beam:
A Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bhawna Patel and U. K. Dewangan

109

121

135

149

157

175

Studies on Rotation Capacity and Torsional Strength of Normal,
Medium- and High-Strength RC Beams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
M. R. Prakash, Katta Venkataramana, R. Prabhakara, and B. Manjunatha

185

Manufacturing of an Economical Single Degree-of-Freedom
Shake Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ketan N. Bajad and Manisha V. Waghmare

197

Behaviour of Different Lateral Stability Structural Systems
for the Tall Steel Structures Under Wind Loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Abhimanyu Pandey and R. K. Tripathi

211

To Compare ATC 40 and FEMA 440 Methods for Computation
of Performance Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ankit Sandilya and Rajesh Kumar Tripathi

223

Non-linear Dynamic Analysis of a Multi-storey Building Subjected
to Earthquakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Arjit Verma, P. Pal, and Y. K. Gupta

231

Finite Element Modeling of Precast Diaphragms Concrete
and Their Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Raj Joshi, Astha Jhawar, Megharima Datta, Ashwin Parihar,
and Ubaid L. Hanfee

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Contents

xiii

T-Beam Bridge Girder Analysis Using Finite Element Modeling
for IRC Loading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dhaker Rahul and U. K. Dewangan

255

Flexural Strengthening of Steel Structures with Fiber-Reinforced
Polymers and Analysis Using ANSYS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Prabhudeva Gunthati and Mohit Jaiswal

271

Study on Sensitivity of PZT Signatures for Damage Detection
in RC Columns—A Numerical Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Venkat Shivaram Yedlapati and Mallika Alapati

283

Experimental Studies on Flexural Behaviour of RC Beams
Strengthened with High Performance Concrete Layer . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Aravindkumar Harwalkar and Ashwini S. Ingale

291

Health Monitoring of Civil Structures by Pulse Compression-Based
Digital Frequency Modulated Thermography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
J. A. Siddiqui and Sachin Patil

307

Transportation Engineering
Application of Remotely Piloted Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
in Construction Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tirth Patel, Vishal Suthar, and Naimish Bhatt

319

Spatial Pavement Information System for Transportation Networks

Based on Distress Features in Nagpur City Using RS and GIS . . . . . .
Y. B. Katpatal, Kaddak Harashal, and M. S. Mukesh

331

Evaluation of Strength Development of Untreated and Treated Red
Mud with Gypsum as a Road Construction Material . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
K. Sarath Chandra and S. Krishnaiah

343

Strength Characteristics of Cement-Stabilized Recycled Asphaltic
Pavement (RAP) for Pavement Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
V. K. Vidyashree, K. H. Mamatha, and S. V. Dinesh

351

Feasibility of Recycled Tyre as Reinforcing Material
for Pavements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
B. N. Vinod Raj, K. H. Mamatha, and S. V. Dinesh

363

Partial Replacement of Moorum with Fly Ash in Embankment . . . . . .
Sagar D. Turkane and Sandeep K. Chouksey

381

Scour Around Bridge Abutments in Clay Bed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Anoop Kumar, B. N. Advith Ganesh, Shubham Vats, P. Sumanth,

T. Gangadharaiah, and K. H. Mamatha

393

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xiv

Contents

Analysis of Pedestrian Crossing Behavior at Uncontrolled
Intersections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
S. P. Niveditha and K. M. Mallesha
Utilization of RAP in Flexible Pavements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bhavana Suresh, K. H. Mamatha, and S. V. Dinesh
Influence of Long-Term Laboratory Aging on Properties
of Binder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
S. Tejeshwini, B. Gowtham, K. H. Mamatha, S. V. Dinesh,
and Anand Tadas
Pavement Evaluation Using Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) . . . .
D. Nayana, K. H. Mamatha, S. V. Dinesh, and T. R. Lokesh

405
419

431

445

Geotechnical Engineering
Design of Blanket by Adding Different Percentages of Soil . . . . . . . . .
Hardev Singh
Challenges in Design and Construction of Pile Foundation
in Non-liquefiable and Liquefiable Soil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
M. K. Pradhan, G. R. Reddy, and K. Srinivas
Improvement of Clayey Subgrade by Using Ferro-Sand . . . . . . . . . . .
Ambika Priyadarshini Mishra, Rupashree Ragini Sahoo,
and Pradip Kumar Pradhan

459

467
485

Soil Subgrade Stabilization Using Non-woven Polypropylene
Geotextile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ayush Mittal and Shalinee Shukla

501

Assessment of Scaling Effects on Plugging of Driven Piles
Using Image Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
G. Sreelakshmi, M. N. Asha, and S. Nandish

513

Performance Evaluation of Bio-Stabilized Soils in Pavements . . . . . . .
V. Divya and M. N. Asha

523

Effect of Granular Pile Stiffness on Load Distribution
for Piled Raft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Jitendra Kumar Sharma and Raksha Rani Sanadhya

531

Performance Evaluation of Expansive Soil Using Animal
Bone Ash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Jitendra Kumar Sharma and Abdul Shahid Qureshi

547

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Contents

xv

Concrete Technology
High Performance Concrete Mixed with Combinations of Mineral
Admixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bhargav Reddy Isanaka, M. Abdul Akbar, P. Perumal, and R. Sai Priyanka

563

Effect of Fly Ash as Replacement of Fine Aggregate on Strength
Enhancement of Concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

K. C. Panda, S. S. Samantaray, and S. Jena

573

Bacterial Concrete for the Development of Sustainable
Construction—A Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
S. Jena, B. Basa, and K. C. Panda

587

Effect of Aggregate Ratio Using Non-pozzolanic Mineral Filler Waste
on the Property of Self Compacted Concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
V. C. Panchal and G. R. Vesmawala

601

Strength and Drying Shrinkage of High Strength Self-Consolidating
Concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
V. A. Shruthi, Ranjitha B. Tangadagi, K. G. Shwetha, R. Nagendra,
C. Ranganath, Bharathi Ganesh, and C. L. Mahesh Kumar
Creep Characteristics of High Strength Self Compacting
Concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ranjitha B. Tangadagi, V. A. Shruthi, Bharathi Ganesh, M. V. Vasudev,
R. Nagendra, and C. Ranganath
Effects of Cigarette Butts in Fly Ash Cement Bricks . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chaitanya Mishra, Aayush Verma, Aditya Ratra, Ankit Jain,
Anuj Agrawal, Anuj Dodeja, and Anuj Dubey

615

625

637

Influence of Copper Slag Properties on Behaviour of Cement
Mortars and Concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
D. Arpitha and C. Rajasekaran

649

Monitoring Methods of Concrete from Early Age Strength Gain
of Concrete: A Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tripti Sonker, Anupam Rawat, and Rakesh Kumar

659

An Experimental Study on Strength Development in Concrete
by Incorporating Rice Husk Ash as Replacement to Cement
with Recycled Aggregate for Low Volume Roads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
D. Sai Bharadwaj and Adepu Ramesh
Influence of Partial Replacement of Cement by Industrial Wastes
on Properties of Concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nikhil Kumar Verma

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xvi

Contents

Water Resource Engineering
Bathymetric Mapping for Shallow Water Using Landsat 8
via Artificial Neural Network Technique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Arun Patel, S. K. Katiyar, and Vishnu Prasad
Land Suitability Assessment for Agriculture Using Analytical
Hierarchy Process and Weighted Overlay Analysis in ArcGIS
ModelBuilder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ayush Tiwari and Sunil Ajmera

717

735

Dynamic Analysis of Tunnels in Western Ghats of Indian Peninsula:
Effect of Shape and Weathering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mohammad Zaid and M. Rehan Sadique

763

Trend Analysis and Rainfall Variability of Monthly Rainfall
in Sheonath River Basin, Chhattisgarh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Shashikant Verma, A. D. Prasad, and Mani Kant Verma

777

Performance Evaluation of Pench Command Area of Maharashtra,
India Using Spatial Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Digambar S. Londhe, Y. B. Katpatal, and Garima Newar

791

Regional Frequency Analysis Using L-Moment
Methodology—A Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ramgopal T. Sahu, Mani Kant Verma, and Ishtiyaq Ahmad

811

Fluctuation of Pressure Due to Bends in Venturimeter . . . . . . . . . . . .
S. Masalvad Shravankumar, Rallapalli Alice Grace, Kaveti S. Venkatesh,
Ruthika Gujjula, and Anjali Gujjari
UV/Fe+3 Photolysis Process Optimization Using Response Surface
Methodology for Decolorization of Reactive Red 120 Dye Simulated
Wastewater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bhatt Dhruv and Makwana Abhipsa

833

847

Relative Wave Run-Up Parameter Prediction of Emerged
Semicircular Breakwater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Suman Kundapura, Subba Rao, and Vittal Hegde Arkal

867

Study of Pavement Unevenness Using Sensor-Based Smartphone
Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mandeep Kaur Arora, Mahesh Ram Patel, and Abhyuday Titiksh

879

Detection of Flood Hazard Using QGIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Shivani Soni and A. D. Prasad

899

Comprehensive Study on Foamed Bitumen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Shweta Mandloi, Sarvesh Kumrawat, and Vinay Deulkar

907

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Contents

xvii

Water Lettuce for the Improvement of River Water Quality in Pune
Metropolitan Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Jayeshkumar Maheshkumar Bhagwat, Veruval Devadas,
and Bharati V. Mahajan

919

Non-parametric Trend of Drought and Its Future Applicability:
A Case Study of Sagar Station . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A. Vishwakarma, M. K. Choudhary, and M. S. Chauhan

939

Effect of Dam Reservoir Interaction on Response of Dam Subjected
to Dynamic Load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pooja D. Girme and Manisha V. Waghmare

945

A Small-Scale Study for the Treatment of Grey Wastewater Through
Free Surface Constructed Wetlands Using Water Hyacinth Plant . . . .
Anudeep Nema, Dhaneesh K. H, Kunwar D. Yadav,
and Robin A. Christian
Real-Time Flood Analysis Using Artificial Neural Network . . . . . . . . .
Vijendra Kumar and S. M. Yadav
Development of Synthetic UH by Using Geomorphologic
Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph (GIUH) Based Nash Model . . . . . . . .
A. Agrawal and R. K. Shrivastava

963

973

987

Environmental Engineering
The Selection of Wastewater Treatment Units Based on Analytical

Hierarchical Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1003
Atul Sharma and Nekram Rawal
Bibliometric Analysis of Constructed Wetlands in Wastewater
Treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1021
Nandini Moondra, Robin A. Christian, and Namrata D. Jariwala
Assessment of Carbon Foot Print: A Case Study of SVNIT
Campus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1029
Bibin K. Suresh, Nandini Moondra, and Bhaven N. Tandel
Removal Efficiency of Heavy Metals by Washing the Contaminated
Soil Using Effective Leaching Agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1041
J. Sumalatha, R. Prabhakara, and P. V. Sivapullaiah
Pre-monsoon Analysis of Vehicular Pollution on Highly Traffic
Loaded Squares of Indore City . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1053
Ruchir Lashkari and Ramakant Agrawal
Stress–Strain Behavior of Municipal Solid Waste in Undrained
Loading Condition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1063
Sandeep Kumar Chouksey

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xviii

Contents

Settlement Behavior of Municipal Solid Waste Using Constitutive
Modeling Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1069
Sandeep Kumar Chouksey
Performance Comparison of Microbial Fuel Cell: A Case Study
with Different Effluents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1075

Prateek Jyotishi and Dal Chand Rahi
Microbial Fuel Cell: An Application for Dairy Wastewater
Treatment and Electricity Generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1083
Prateek Jyotishi and Dal Chand Rahi
Construction Technology and Management
Analyzing Labor Productivity for Reinforcement Installation
Using Artificial Neural Network in India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1093
Jignesh M. Mistry and Geetha K. Jayaraj

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About the Editors

Dr. K. K. Pathak is Professor in the Department of Civil Engineering IIT
(BHU) Varanasi since April 2016. Before that he was a professor in the Department
of Civil & Environmental Engineering, NITTTR Bhopal. He has also served as
Scientist in CSIR from 1996 to 2011. Dr. Pathak received his B.Tech and M.Tech
from KNIT Sultanpur and MNNIT Allahabad, in 1991 and 1993, respectively. He
obtained his Ph.D from IIT Delhi in the area of computational solid mechanics in
2001. He has published more than 300 papers in journals and conference proceedings. He is a Fellow of Institution of Engineers (India). He is a recipient of the
prestigious George Oomen Memorial Prize, The Metallurgical and Materials
Engineering Division Prize and E. P. Nicoles Prize by the Institution of Engineers
(India) in 2004, 2009 and 2011, respectively. He was the editor of Journal of
Modelling and Simulation in Design and Manufacturing and Journal of
Engineering, Science & Management Education. Dr. Pathak has delivered many
invited talks in Conferences and STTP programs. His research interests include
structural analysis and design, structural shape optimization, computer simulation
of manufacturing processes, material characterization using miniature testing
methods, finite element analysis, artificial intelligence and software development.

Dr. J. M. S. J. Bandara is a Senior Professor in Civil Engineering, University of
Moratuwa. He graduated from the University of Moratuwa as a Civil Engineer and
obtained his Ph.D. in Transportation Engineering with specialization in Airport
Planning from The University of Calgary, Canada. He has over 35 years of
experience in teaching and research. Currently, he is serving as the Head,
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Moratuwa and Director of
Intelligent Transport Systems Research Center. Dr. Bandara is a Chartered Engineer
and a Fellow of Chartered Institute of Logistic & Transport, Sri Lanka. He is also
the current President of Sri Lanka Evaluation Association and President of
Highway Engineering Society, Sri Lanka. Dr. Bandara has served in a number of
national level committees in the areas of public transport, traffic planning, airport
development, road safety, highway engineering, monitoring & evaluation, and
environmental assessment. He is a member of the editorial advisory board of the
xix

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xx

About the Editors

Journal of Advanced Transportation. There are over 200 national and international
research publications in the above areas and joint patent for UniRoad Traffic Signal
System to his credit.
Dr. Ramakant Agrawal is Professor and Head in the Department of Civil
Engineering, Medi-Caps University Indore. He received his B.E. and M. Tech. from
Maulana Azad College of Technology (REC), Bhopal, and obtained his Ph.D in
structural engineering from Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology,
Bhopal. He has more than 21 years of teaching experience. His research interests

include soil-structure interaction, high-performance concrete and structural health
monitoring. He has published 15 research papers in reputed journals. He is Life
Member of Indian Society of Technical Education.

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Structural Engineering

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Wind Analysis of High-Rise Building
Using Computational Fluid Dynamics
Prafulla Kishor Sharma and Suresh R. Parekar

Abstract In the analysis of high-rise structure wind pressure is a more effective
lateral load than seismic force for larger time period. Therefore, buildings over 60 m
height are generally analyzed for wind loads. In wind analysis building behaves as
a cantilever structure. In this study, experimental work was carried out using wind
tunnel setup for three models (circular, hexagonal, and octagonal). Drag coefficients
were noted down from the experiments for different plan of structure. Same models
were prepared and analyzed in ANSYS 16.0 with full scales. The results obtained
from tests are compared with the values of CFD and with the values available in IS
875(Part-3)2015.
Keywords Wind pressure · CFD analysis · Wind tunnel · ANSYS 16.0 · Drag
coefficient

1 Introduction
Mainly three factors—strength, stability, and rigidity—are considered for the design

of structure. Strength is the main factor in design of low-height structures. However,
as the height of the structure increases, rigidity and stability requirements become
predominating. Nowadays, engineering techniques are used to increase the stiffness
of the elements rather than depending upon the dead weight for stabilization. Wind
tunnel is used for the experimental work on the models of different shapes, height,
and plan of the structures. For the preparation of models, geometric similarity is
used, and for velocity application kinematic similarity is used. Thus, three models
are prepared using the geometrical similarities for the test. Then tests are conducted
on the models and observations are recorded. In wind tunnel, drag is observed by
sensor and the value of drag coefficient is displayed on the panel.
P. K. Sharma (B) · S. R. Parekar
Department of Civil Engineering, AISSMS COE, Pune 411001, India
e-mail:
S. R. Parekar
e-mail:
© Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021
K. K. Pathak et al. (eds.), Recent Trends in Civil Engineering, Lecture Notes
in Civil Engineering 77, />
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3


4

P. K. Sharma and S. R. Parekar

1.1 Drag
The flow of wind is considered in two dimensions, that is, along the flow and transverse to the flow of wind. The term along the flow of wind is known as drag and in
the transverse direction is known as lift. The fluid force exerted on the moving body

is generally inclined to the direction of motion. There are two components of force:
one is in the direction of motion called as drag (FD ) and another perpendicular to the
direction of motion called as lift (FL ). In symmetrical bodies such as cylinder, sphere,
and so on, the total force is drag force and the lift is zero. Drag is classified into three
types. First is frictional drag which is caused due to shear stress; second is pressure
drag which is caused due to separation of flow; and third is deformation drag due to
deformation of fluid particles. Deformation of particles occurs when viscous force
is predominant than inertia force (Fig. 1).
Drag force is the sum of frictional drag and pressure drag
FD = FDf + FDp

(1)

where
FDf = frictional drag and FDp = pressure drag.
The mathematical expression for drag coefficient is given as
FD = C D A

ρv2
2

where
FD = drag force (N), CD = drag coefficient, V = flow velocity (m/s).
ρ = density of air as a fluid (1.2 kg/m3 for air at NTP).
A = particular frontal area of the body (m2 ).
In Eq. (2), ρv2
is known as dynamic pressure of flowing fluid.
2
Fig. 1 Drag coefficient

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(2)


Wind Analysis of High-Rise Building Using Computational …

5

2 Literature Review
Anoop et al. [1] investigated the scope and limitation of suitable code of practice
for wind loads from IS 875-Part III(1987) in predicting the wind-induced overall
structural loads with the help of wind tunnel test results from selected Indian projects.
Since the design codes for wind-load-based design of buildings were framed on the
basis of research work conducted on a range of conventional building shapes, several
decades ago it is important to check the given standards with the current building
design and standard.
Irwin [2] studied the challenges that are faced in modern high-rise buildings and
the basic concepts of wind engineering, like wind statistics and wind profiles. Extreme
wind speeds statistics and its importance are discussed. Further optimization of shape
stiffness, effect of mass and damping and some concepts of wind tunnel testing are
discussed.
Kwon and Kareem [3] stress the need to understand better the underlying commonalities and differences among the major international wind loading codes/standards,
which are also constantly being revised and updated. A comprehensive comparison of wind loads and their effects on tall buildings is conducted utilizing major
international codes/standards: ASCE 2010 (USA), CNS 2012 (China), NBCC 2010
(Canada), ISO 2009, and IWC 2012 (India).
Sevalia and Vasanwala [4] discussed about the potential of CFD to supersede
traditional wind tunnel studies as a more cost-effective and time-saving design tool.
Further, a comprehensive study of wind effects on the circular and square plan shaped
tall buildings of same area. It was stated that the architect and civil engineer jointly

modify the shape of building so that the tall buildings perform better during strong
gust of wind.
Daemei and Bahrami [5] studied wind aerodynamics and flow characteristics of
triangular-shaped tall building and CFD simulation in order to assess drag coefficient.
The simulations were conducted on seven models with height 120 m (40 stories) in
two phases. In the first phase, drag coefficient is assessed on tall buildings with
triangular section and drag is calculated for the same building by providing chamfer,
rounded-edge and recessed. Building scaled is the ratio of width to one-sixth of
height of the building. In the next phase, the aerodynamic forms of setback, taper,
helical were employed on basic model to figure out which one has best performance.
From the above two phases, compare the results of with and without aerodynamics
effect.

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P. K. Sharma and S. R. Parekar

3 Methodology of Computational Fluid Dynamics
3.1 Dimensional Analysis of Drag
The functional relation of drag is given as
FD = f1 (L, ρ, μ, v, K, g, η)
⎛

⎞

FD = f2 ⎝μ,

In Eq. (4),

ρVL
μ

number (Ma), and

V
V
ρVL
,
,√ ⎠
μ √K ρ
gL

is known as Reynolds number (Re);
√V
gL

(3)

√

V
K ρ

(4)

is known as Mach

is known as Froude number (Fr).
⎛

⎞
ρVL
V
V
CD = f3 ⎝η,
,
,√ ⎠
μ √K ρ
gL
CD = f4 (η, Re)

(5)

(6)

where
L = characteristic length, V = moving velocity, ρ = mass density of air as a fluid.
μ = viscosity, K = modulus of elasticity, FD = drag.
When the free surface of the object is partly immersed, Froude number is
predominant, whereas if fully immersed Reynolds or Mach number is predominant.
When the fluid is considered incompressible, Reynolds number (Re) is predominant.
When compressibility effect of fluid considers Mach (Ma) is predominant.
The value of different shape drag obtained by IS 875(Part-3) 2015 is mentioned
in the table −25, clause 7.4.2.2.

3.2 Analysis by Using ANSYS 16.0
Step-by-step procedure is followed:

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