Tài liệu Oracle OLAP DML Reference doc

Oracle® OLAP
DML Reference
10g Release 1 (10.1)
Part No. B10339-02
December 2003
Oracle OLAP DML Reference, 10g Release 1 (10.1)
Part No. B10339-02
Copyright © 2003 Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
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Contents
Send Us Your Comments xxvii
Preface xxix
Intended Audience xxix
Documentation Accessibility xxix
Structure xxx
Related Documents xxxi
Conventions xxxii
Part I Using the OLAP DML
1 Introduction to the OLAP DML
What is the OLAP DML? 1-1
Basic Syntactical Units 1-1
OLAP DML Options 1-2
Categories of Options 1-2
Syntax for Specifying and Retrieving Option Values 1-3
OLAP DML Properties 1-3
OLAP DML Commands and Functions 1-4
OLAP DML Commands 1-4
OLAP DML Functions 1-4
OLAP DML Programs 1-5
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OLAP DML as a Data Definition Language 1-5
Statements for Creating Analytic Workspaces 1-5
Defining Analytic Workspace Objects 1-6
Defining Data Objects Using the OLAP DML 1-7
Defining Calculation Specification Objects Using the OLAP DML 1-8

Types of Calculation Specifications 1-8
Creating Calculation Specification Objects 1-9
Viewing Data Definitions 1-10
OLAP DML as a Data Manipulation Language 1-10
Startup Programs 1-11
ONATTACH Programs 1-11
Permission Programs 1-12
AUTOGO Programs 1-12
TRIGGER_AW Program 1-12
Data Loading Programs 1-13
Programs that Copy Data From Relational Tables to Workspace Objects 1-13
File-Reading Programs 1-13
Spreadsheet Import Programs 1-14
Trigger Programs 1-14
Aggregation, Allocation, and Modeling Programs 1-15
Forecasting Programs 1-16
Programs to Export and Import Workspace Objects 1-16
2 Data Types and Operators
OLAP DML Data Types 2-1
Numeric Data Types 2-2
Using LONGINTEGER Values 2-2
Using NUMBER Values 2-3
Text Data Types 2-3
Literals 2-4
Escape Sequences 2-4
Boolean Data Type 2-4
v
Date Data Types 2-5
Date and Time Options 2-5
DATE Values 2-6

DATETIME Values 2-6
Calculating Dates 2-6
Converting from One Data Type to Another 2-7
OLAP DML Operators 2-7
Arithmetic Operators 2-8
Comparison and Logical Operators 2-9
Assignment Operator 2-9
3 Expressions
Introducing OLAP DML Expressions 3-1
How the Data Type of an Expression is Determined 3-2
Changing the Data Type of an Expression 3-2
Using Workspace Objects in Expressions 3-3
Syntax for Specifying an Object in an Expression 3-3
Considerations When Creating and Using Qualified Object Names 3-5
When Not to Use Qualified Object Names 3-5
Using Ampersand Substitution for Workspace and Object Names 3-6
Passing Qualified Object Names to Programs 3-6
How Objects Behave in Expressions 3-6
Using Variables in Expressions 3-7
Using Variables Defined with Composites in Expressions 3-8
Dimensionality of OLAP DML Expressions 3-9
Determining the Dimensions of an Expression 3-10
How Dimension Status Affects the Results of Expressions 3-10
Changing the Dimensionality of an Expression 3-11
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Numeric Expressions 3-11
Numeric Options 3-11
Mixing Numeric Data Types 3-12
Automatic Conversion of Numeric Data Types 3-12
Using Dimensions in Arithmetic Expressions 3-13

Using Dates in Arithmetic Expressions 3-13
Limitations of Floating Point Calculations 3-14
Controlling Errors During Calculations 3-15
Text Expressions 3-15
Working with Dates in Text Expressions 3-16
Working with NTEXT Data 3-16
Boolean Expressions 3-16
Creating Boolean Expressions 3-17
Comparing NA Values in Boolean Expressions 3-18
Controlling Errors When Comparing Numeric Data 3-19
Controlling Errors Due to Numerical Precision 3-19
Controlling Errors When Comparing Floating Point Numbers 3-20
Controlling Errors When Comparing Different Numeric Data Types 3-20
Comparing Dimension Values 3-21
Comparing Dates 3-22
Comparing Text Data 3-22
Comparing a Text Value to a Text Pattern 3-23
Comparing Text Literals to Relations 3-23
Conditional Expressions 3-24
Substitution Expressions 3-25
Working with Empty Cells in Expressions 3-26
Specifying a Value of NA 3-26
Controlling how NA values are treated 3-27
Working with the $NATRIGGER Property 3-28
Using NASKIP 3-29
Using NASKIP2 3-29
Using NAFILL 3-29
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Working with Subsets of Data 3-30
Working with Dimension Status 3-30

Changing the Status List of a Dimension 3-31
Saving and Restoring Current Dimension Status 3-32
Specifying a List of Dimension Values for an Expression or Subexpression 3-32
Specifying a Single Data Value in an Expression 3-32
Form of a Qualified Data Reference 3-33
Qualifying a Variable 3-33
Replacing a Dimension in a Variable 3-34
Qualifying a Relation 3-35
Qualifying a Dimension 3-36
Using Ampersand Substitution with QDRs 3-36
Using the QUAL Function to Specify a QDR 3-37
4 Formulas, Aggregations, Allocations, and Models
Formulas 4-1
Aggregations 4-2
Aggregating Data 4-3
Executing the Aggregation 4-4
Creating Custom Aggregates 4-6
Allocations 4-7
Allocating Data 4-8
Handling NA Values 4-9
Models 4-10
Creating Models 4-10
Nesting Models 4-11
Dimension Status and Model Equations 4-12
Using Data from Past and Future Time Periods 4-12
Handling NA Values 4-13
Solving Simultaneous Equations 4-13
Modeling for Multiple Scenarios 4-14
Compiling a Model 4-14
Understanding Dependencies 4-15

Checking for Additional Problems 4-15
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Running a Model 4-15
Dimensions of Solution Variables 4-16
Solution Variables Dimensioned by a Composite 4-17
Debugging a Model 4-18
5 OLAP DML Programs
Creating OLAP DML Programs 5-1
Specifying Program Contents 5-2
Creating User-Defined Functions 5-2
Passing Arguments 5-3
Using Multiple Arguments 5-3
Handling Arguments Without Converting Values to a Specific Data Type 5-4
Passing Arguments as Text with Ampersand Substitution 5-4
Program Flow-of-Control 5-5
Looping Nature of OLAP DML Commands and Functions 5-5
Flow-of Control Commands 5-6
Preserving the Environment Settings 5-8
Changing the Program Environment 5-8
Ways to Save and Restore Environments 5-9
Saving the Status of a Dimension or the Value of an Option 5-9
Saving Several Values at Once 5-10
Using Level Markers 5-10
Using CONTEXT to Save Several Values at Once 5-10
Handling Errors 5-10
Trapping an Error 5-11
Suppressing Error Messages 5-11
Creating Your Own Error Messages 5-12
Handling Errors in Nested Programs 5-12
Handling Errors While Saving the Session Environment 5-13

Compiling Programs 5-13
Finding Out If a Program Has Been Compiled 5-14
Programming Methods That Prevent Compilation 5-14
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Testing and Debugging Programs 5-14
Error and Debugging Options 5-15
Generating Diagnostic Messages 5-16
Identifying Bad Lines of Code 5-16
Sending Output to a Debugging File 5-16
Executing Programs 5-17
Part II Alphabetic Reference
6 $AGGMAP to AGGMAP
$AGGMAP 6-3
$AGGREGATE_FROM 6-5
$AGGREGATE_FROMVAR 6-7
$ALLOCMAP 6-9
$COUNTVAR 6-11
$NATRIGGER 6-13
$STORETRIGGERVAL 6-18
$VARCACHE 6-20
ABS 6-25
ACQUIRE 6-27
ACROSS 6-33
ADD_MONTHS 6-35
AGGMAP 6-37
AGGINDEX 6-63
BREAKOUT DIMENSION 6-67
CACHE 6-70
DIMENSION (for aggregation) 6-74
DROP DIMENSION 6-75

MEASUREDIM (for aggregation) 6-78
MODEL (in an aggregation) 6-80
RELATION (for aggregation) 6-82
AGGMAP ADD or REMOVE model 6-98
AGGMAP SET 6-101
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7 AFFMAPINFO to ARCCOS
AGGMAPINFO 7-3
AGGREGATE command 7-9
AGGREGATE function 7-23
AGGREGATION 7-33
ALLCOMPILE 7-35
ALLOCATE 7-36
ALLOCERRLOGFORMAT 7-46
ALLOCERRLOGHEADER 7-48
ALLOCMAP 7-50
CHILDLOCK 7-56
DEADLOCK 7-57
DIMENSION (for allocation) 7-58
ERRORLOG 7-59
ERRORMASK 7-60
MEASUREDIM (for allocation) 7-61
RELATION (for allocation) 7-62
SOURCEVAL 7-70
VALUESET 7-71
ALLSTAT 7-76
ANTILOG 7-77
ANTILOG10 7-78
ANY 7-79
ARCCOS 7-83

8 ARCSIN to CHARLIST
ARCSIN 8-3
ARCTAN 8-4
ARCTAN2 8-5
ARG 8-6
ARGCOUNT 8-10
ARGFR 8-12
ARGS 8-16
ARGUMENT 8-19
ASCII 8-26
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AV E R A G E 8-27
AW command 8-30
AW ALIASLIST 8-31
AW ALLOCATE 8-33
AW ATTACH 8-34
AW CREATE 8-46
AW DELETE 8-51
AW DETACH 8-52
AW LIST 8-53
AW SEGMENTSIZE 8-55
AW function 8-56
AWDESCRIBE 8-60
AWWAITTIME 8-63
BACK 8-64
BADLINE 8-66
BASEDIM 8-68
BASEVAL 8-71
BEGINDATE 8-74
BITAND 8-76

BLANK 8-77
BLANKSTRIP 8-78
BMARGIN 8-79
BREAK 8-81
CALENDARWEEK 8-82
CALL 8-85
CALLTYPE 8-90
CATEGORIZE 8-92
CDA 8-95
CEIL 8-97
CHANGEBYTES 8-98
CHANGECHARS 8-100
CHARLIST 8-102
9 CHGDFN to DDOF
CHGDFN 9-3
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CHGDIMS 9-14
CLEAR 9-16
COALESCE 9-20
COLVAL 9-21
COLWIDTH 9-23
COMMAS 9-25
COMMIT 9-27
COMPILE 9-29
COMPILEMESSAGE 9-41
COMPILEWARN 9-42
CONSIDER 9-44
CONTEXT command 9-46
CONTEXT function 9-49
CONTINUE 9-51

CONVERT 9-52
COPYDFN 9-62
CORRELATION 9-64
COS 9-68
COSH 9-69
COUNT 9-70
CUMSUM 9-73
DATEFORMAT 9-78
DATEORDER 9-84
DAYABBRLEN 9-88
DAYNAMES 9-91
DAYOF 9-93
DBGOUTFILE 9-95
DDOF 9-99
10 DECIMALCHAR to DELETE
DECIMALCHAR 10-2
DECIMALOVERFLOW 10-4
DECIMALS 10-6
DECODE 10-9
DEFAULTAWSEGSIZE 10-11
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DEFINE 10-12
DEFINE AGGMAP 10-16
DEFINE COMPOSITE 10-20
DEFINE DIMENSION 10-26
DEFINE DIMENSION (simple) 10-26
DEFINE DIMENSION (DWMQY) 10-29
DEFINE DIMENSION (conjoint) 10-33
DEFINE DIMENSION CONCAT 10-38
DEFINE DIMENSION ALIASOF 10-42

DEFINE FORMULA 10-46
DEFINE MODEL 10-49
DEFINE PARTITION TEMPLATE 10-51
DEFINE PROGRAM 10-55
DEFINE RELATION 10-58
DEFINE SURROGATE 10-61
DEFINE VALUESET 10-64
DEFINE VARIABLE 10-68
DEFINE WORKSHEET 10-84
DELETE 10-87
11 DEPRDECL to EXISTS
DEPRDECL 11-3
DEPRDECLSW 11-9
DEPRSL 11-17
DEPRSOYD 11-22
DESCRIBE 11-28
DIVIDEBYZERO 11-32
DO DOEND 11-34
DSECONDS 11-36
ECHOPROMPT 11-38
EDIT 11-40
EIFBYTES 11-42
EIFEXTENSIONPATH 11-43
EIFNAMES 11-45
EIFSHORTNAMES 11-46
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EIFTYPES 11-48
EIFUPDBYTES 11-50
EIFVERSION 11-51
END 11-53

ENDDATE 11-54
ENDOF 11-56
EQ 11-58
ERRNAMES 11-61
ERRORNAME 11-63
ERRORTEXT 11-65
ESCAPEBASE 11-66
EVERSION 11-67
EVERY 11-68
EXISTS 11-72
EXP 11-73
12 EXPORT to FILEMOVE
EXPORT 12-3
EXPORT (to EIF) 12-4
EXPORT (to spreadsheet) 12-12
EXPTRACE 12-14
EXTBYTES 12-15
EXTCHARS 12-17
EXTCOLS 12-19
EXTLINES 12-22
FCCLOSE 12-24
FCEXEC 12-25
FCOPEN 12-28
FCQUERY 12-29
FCSET 12-36
FETCH 12-45
FILECLOSE 12-49
FILECOPY 12-50
FILEDELETE 12-51
FILEERROR 12-52

xv
FILEGET 12-56
FILEMOVE 12-58
13 FILENEXT to FULLDSC
FILENEXT 13-2
FILEOPEN 13-5
FILEPAGE 13-8
FILEPUT 13-10
FILEQUERY 13-13
FILEREAD 13-18
FILESET 13-40
FILEVIEW 13-44
FILTERLINES 13-56
FINDBYTES 13-58
FINDCHARS 13-60
FINDLINES 13-62
FINTSCHED 13-64
FLOOR 13-68
FOR 13-69
FORECAST 13-74
FORECAST.REPORT 13-81
FPMTSCHED 13-83
FULLDSC 13-87
14 GET to IMPORT
GET 14-2
GOTO 14-7
GREATEST 14-11
GROUPINGID 14-12
GROWRATE 14-18
HEADING 14-20

HIDE 14-22
HIERCHECK 14-24
HIERHEIGHT command 14-29
HIERHEIGHT function 14-34
xvi
IF THEN ELSE 14-42
IMPORT 14-45
IMPORT (from EIF) 14-46
IMPORT (from text) 14-57
IMPORT (from spreadsheet) 14-63
15 INF_STOP_ON_ERROR to LIKEESCAPE
INF_STOP_ON_ERROR 15-3
INFILE 15-5
INFO 15-9
INFO (FORECAST) 15-10
INFO (MODEL) 15-14
INFO (PARSE) 15-26
INFO (REGRESS) 15-29
INITCAP 15-32
INLIST 15-33
INSBYTES 15-35
INSCHARS 15-37
INSCOLS 15-39
INSLINES 15-41
INSTAT 15-43
INSTR 15-46
INSTRB 15-48
INTPART 15-49
IRR 15-50
ISDATE 15-53

ISVALUE 15-54
JOINBYTES 15-56
JOINCHARS 15-58
JOINCOLS 15-61
JOINLINES 15-64
KEY 15-66
LAG 15-68
LAGABSPCT 15-72
LAGDIF 15-76
xvii
LAGPCT 15-78
LARGEST 15-81
LAST_DAY 15-84
LCOLWIDTH 15-85
LD 15-87
LEAD 15-89
LEAST 15-92
LIKECASE 15-93
LIKEESCAPE 15-95
16 LIKENL to MAX
LIKENL 16-3
LIMIT command 16-6
LIMIT command (using values) 16-19
LIMIT command (using LEVELREL) 16-29
LIMIT command (using related dimension) 16-31
LIMIT command (using parent relation) 16-34
LIMIT command (NOCONVERT) 16-40
LIMIT command (using POSLIST) 16-42
LIMIT function 16-43
LIMITMAPINFO 16-48

LIMIT.SORTREL 16-50
LINENUM 16-52
LINESLEFT 16-54
LISTBY 16-56
LISTFILES 16-58
LISTNAMES 16-59
LOAD 16-61
LOG command 16-63
LOG function 16-65
LOG10 16-66
LOWCASE 16-67
LPAD 16-68
LSIZE 16-69
LTRIM 16-71
xviii
MAINTAIN 16-72
MAINTAIN ADD 16-76
MAINTAIN ADD for TEXT, ID, and INTEGER Values 16-76
MAINTAIN ADD for DAY, WEEK, MONTH, QUARTER, and YEAR Values 16-79
MAINTAIN ADD SESSION 16-81
MAINTAIN ADD TO PARTITION 16-88
MAINTAIN DELETE 16-90
MAINTAIN DELETE dimension 16-90
MAINTAIN DELETE composite 16-96
MAINTAIN DELETE FROM PARTITION 16-98
MAINTAIN MERGE 16-101
MAINTAIN MOVE 16-103
MAINTAIN MOVE dimension value 16-103
MAINTAIN MOVE TO PARTITION 16-107
MAINTAIN RENAME 16-110

MAKEDATE 16-112
MAX 16-114
17 MAXBYTES to MODTRACE
MAXBYTES 17-2
MAXCHARS 17-4
MAXFETCH 17-6
MEDIAN 17-8
MIN 17-10
MMOF 17-12
MODDAMP 17-13
MODE 17-18
MODEL 17-21
DIMENSION (in models) 17-29
INCLUDE 17-35
MODEL.COMPRPT 17-40
MODEL.DEPRT 17-42
MODEL.XEQRPT 17-44
MODERROR 17-46
MODGAMMA 17-49
xix
MODINPUTORDER 17-53
MODMAXITERS 17-56
MODOVERFLOW 17-58
MODSIMULTYPE 17-62
MODTOLERANCE 17-66
MODTRACE 17-70
18 MONITOR to NVL2
MONITOR 18-3
MONTHABBRLEN 18-8
MONTHNAMES 18-10

MONTHS_BETWEEN 18-13
MOVE 18-15
MOVINGAVERAGE 18-18
MOVINGMAX 18-22
MOVINGMIN 18-25
MOVINGTOTAL 18-28
MULTIPATHHIER 18-31
NAFILL 18-34
NAME 18-36
NASKIP 18-38
NASKIP2 18-43
NASPELL 18-48
NEW_TIME 18-50
NEXT_DAY 18-53
NLS Options 18-54
NONE 18-62
NORMAL 18-66
NOSPELL 18-68
NPV 18-69
NULLIF 18-72
NUMBYTES 18-73
NUMCHARS 18-75
NUMLINES 18-77
NVL 18-78
xx
NVL2 18-79
19 OBJ to QUAL
OBJ 19-3
OBJLIST 19-24
OBSCURE 19-26

OKFORLIMIT 19-30
OKNULLSTATUS 19-32
ONATTACH 19-34
OUTFILE 19-36
OUTFILEUNIT 19-40
PAGE 19-41
PAGENUM 19-43
PAGEPRG 19-45
PAGESIZE 19-49
PAGING 19-51
PARENS 19-54
PARSE 19-56
PARTITIONCHECK 19-58
PERCENTAGE 19-60
PERMIT 19-63
PERMIT_READ 19-74
PERMIT_WRITE 19-76
PERMITERROR 19-78
PERMITRESET 19-81
POP 19-85
POPLEVEL 19-87
POUTFILEUNIT 19-89
PRGTRACE 19-91
PROGRAM 19-94
PROPERTY 19-98
PUSH 19-100
PUSHLEVEL 19-102
QUAL 19-108
xxi
20 RANDOM to REPORT

RANDOM 20-3
RANDOM.SEED.1 and RANDOM.SEED.2 20-5
RANK 20-9
RECAP 20-13
RECNO 20-16
RECURSIVE 20-18
REDO 20-19
REEDIT 20-22
REGRESS 20-25
REGRESS.REPORT 20-28
RELEASE 20-30
REM 20-35
REMBYTES 20-36
REMCHARS 20-38
REMCOLS 20-40
REMLINES 20-42
RENAME 20-44
REPLBYTES 20-47
REPLCHARS 20-50
REPLCOLS 20-53
REPLLINES 20-56
REPORT 20-58
21 RESERVED to SPARSEINDEX
RESERVED 21-3
RESYNC 21-5
RETURN 21-7
REVERT 21-10
ROLE 21-12
ROLLUP 21-13
ROOTOFNEGATIVE 21-22

ROUND 21-24
ROUND (for dates and time) 21-25
ROUND (for numbers) 21-28
xxii
ROW command 21-33
ROW function 21-45
RPAD 21-47
RTRIM 21-48
RUNTOTAL 21-49
SECONDS 21-52
SESSCACHE 21-54
SET 21-56
SET1 21-71
SHOW 21-72
SIGN 21-75
SIGNAL 21-76
SIN 21-79
SINH 21-80
SLEEP 21-81
SMALLEST 21-82
SMOOTH 21-85
SORT 21-90
SORTCOMPOSITE 21-96
SORTLINES 21-99
SPARSEINDEX 21-101
22 SQL to STATVAL
SQL 22-3
SQL CLEANUP 22-8
SQL CLOSE 22-9
SQL DECLARE CURSOR 22-10

SQL EXECUTE 22-17
SQL FETCH 22-19
SQL IMPORT 22-29
SQL OPEN 22-37
SQL PREPARE 22-38
SQL PROCEDURE 22-43
SQL SELECT 22-45
SQLBLOCKMAX 22-49
xxiii
SQLCODE 22-51
SQLERRM 22-53
SQLMESSAGES 22-55
SQRT 22-56
STARTOF 22-57
STATALL 22-59
STATFIRST 22-60
STATLAST 22-62
STATLEN 22-64
STATLIST 22-65
STATMAX 22-68
STATMIN 22-70
STATRANK 22-73
STATUS 22-77
STATVAL 22-79
23 STDDEV to TRACKPRG
STDDEV 23-3
STDHDR 23-6
SUBSTR 23-8
SUBSTRB 23-10
SUBTOTAL 23-11

SWITCH 23-14
SYSDATE 23-18
SYSINFO 23-19
SYSTEM 23-21
TALLY 23-22
TAN 23-25
TANH 23-26
TCONVERT 23-27
TEMPSTAT 23-37
TEXTFILL 23-39
THIS_AW 23-42
THOUSANDSCHAR 23-43
TMARGIN 23-44
xxiv
TO_CHAR 23-46
TO_DATE 23-51
TO_NCHAR 23-54
TO_NUMBER 23-59
TOD 23-62
TODAY 23-63
TOTAL 23-65
TRACEFILEUNIT 23-69
TRACKPRG 23-70
24 TRAP to ZSPELL
TRAP 24-3
TRIGGER command 24-8
TRIGGER function 24-28
TRIGGER_AFTER_UPDATE 24-31
TRIGGER_AW 24-33
TRIGGER_BEFORE_UPDATE 24-34

TRIGGER_DEFINE 24-36
TRIGGERASSIGN 24-38
TRIGGERMAXDEPTH 24-44
TRIGGERSTOREOK 24-46
TRIM 24-49
TRUNC 24-50
TRUNC (for dates and time) 24-51
TRUNC (for numbers) 24-53
UNHIDE 24-55
UNIQUELINES 24-56
UNRAVEL 24-58
UPCASE 24-62
UPDATE 24-63
USERID 24-66
USETRIGGERS 24-67
VALSPERPAGE 24-69
VA L U E S 24-70
VARCACHE 24-75
xxv
VA R I A B L E 24-77
VINTSCHED 24-80
VNF 24-84
VPMTSCHED 24-94
WEEKDAYSNEWYEAR 24-98
WEEKOF 24-100
WHILE 24-102
WIDTH_BUCKET 24-104
WKSDATA 24-106
YESSPELL 24-108
YRABSTART 24-109

YYOF 24-111
ZEROROW 24-113
ZEROTOTAL 24-116
ZSPELL 24-119
Part III Appendixes
A Functions and Commands by Functional Category
Session Statements A-2
Data Type Conversion A-3
Assignment Statements A-3
Statements for Working with NA Values A-4
Text Functions A-4
General Character Functions A-5
Byte Functions A-6
Multiline Text Functions A-7
Date and Time Functions A-8
Numeric Functions A-10
General Numeric Functions A-10
Financial Functions A-12
Statistical Functions A-13
Time-Series Functions A-14
Aggregation Functions A-15