DE CUONG HK1

<span class='text_page_counter'>(1)</span>ĐỀ CƯƠNG ÔN TẬP – ANH VĂN 10 - HỌC KỲ 1 A. CÁC ĐIỂM NGỮ PHÁP CHÍNH: I. Tenses 1. Simple present (Hiện tại đơn): khẳng định phủ định nghi vấn He / she / it + V-s /es He / she / it + doesn’t + V Does + he / she / it +V? I / You / We/ They +V I / You / We / They +don’t + V Do + I / you / we / they +V?  Use: a. Diễn tả thói quen ở hiện tại b. Diễn tả sự thật, chân lí  Trạng từ thường gặp: usually, often, always, sometimes, as a rule, normally, ever, never… Ex: My father usually gets up at 5. a.m - Mrs Lien doesn’t know how to use a computer. - Where do you live? 2. Present continuous (Hiện tại tiếp diễn) S + am / is / are + Ving  Use: a. Diễn tả hành động đang xảy ra ở thời điểm nói b. Diễn tả dự định tương lai có mốc thời gian cụ thể.  Trạng từ thường gặp: now, at present, at this moment, right now Ex: - We are learning English now - My mother isn’t cooking lunch at this moment. - What are you doing this evening? 3. Present perfect (Hiện tại hoàn thành): S+ have/ has/ + PP khẳng định phủ định nghi vấn He / She / It + has + PP He / She / It +hasn’t + PP Has+ He / She / It +PP? I / You / We/ They + have + PP I / You / We / They + haven’t + PP Have+ I / You / We / They + PP?  Use: a. Diễn tả hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ kéo dài đến hiện tại b. Diễn tả hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ để lại kết quả ở hiện tại c. Diễn tả kinh nghiệm  Trạng từ thường gặp : never, just, ever, recently, already, yet, lately, for, since, so far, up to no. - My mother has just bought a new car. - Tom hasn’t eaten Chinese food before - How long have you lived here? 4. Simple past (Quá khứ đơn) khẳng định phủ định nghi vấn S+ V-ed / V2 S+ didn’t + V Did + S + V?  Use: Diễn tả hành động xảy ra và kết thúc trong quá khứ, có thời gian xác định  Trạng từ thường gặp : yestersay, ago, last…. Ex : - I went to three days ago - Did you watch TV last night? - Peter didn’t stay at home yesterday evening 5. Past continuous (Quá khứ tiếp diễn) : S+ was/ were + Ving  Use: Diễn tả hành động đang xảy ra tại 1 thời điểm quá khứ Ex: - I was watching TV at 5 p.m yesterday. - Were they having lunch when you called? 6. Past perfect (Quá khứ hoàn thành) S+ had + PP  Use: Diễn tả hành động xảy ra và hoàn thành trước 1 hành động khác ở quá khứ. S + V2 / didn’t + V + after + S + had + Vpp S + had + Vpp + before + S + V2 / didn’t + V - By the time.

<span class='text_page_counter'>(2)</span> - When + Vpast ; S + Had + Vpp - Until 7. Simple future (tương lai đơn): khẳng định phủ định nghi vấn S+ will + V1 S+ won’t + V1 Will + S + V1?  Use : Diễn tả hành động sẽ xảy ra trong tương lai .  Trạng từ thường gặp : Tomorrow, next……. Ex : - Will you go to university after you finish school? - I will say goodbye to you before I leave Danang - Mary won’t go to the party because she has to do her homework. Bài tập áp dụng:. Give the correct form of the verbs in the brackets: 1. The sun………………………(rise) in the East. 2. He went to the zoo after he ………………..(go) to the park 3. They……………………..( play) badminton at 5 p.m yesterday 4. I can’t recognize him. He ………………………(change) a lot. 5. By the time you came, the bus ……………………(leave) 6. I …………………..( use) this cell phone since last year. 7. My sister………………….(see) that movie three times. 8. They (be)……………..…. married for 4 years. 9. I (not, see)…………………………. him since last month 10. Some animals (not, eat)………………. during the winter. 11. Why didn’t you listen while I (speak)……………………… to you? 12. I (not, have)…………….…. a good night sleep for a long time. 13. ………....you (see)………………… Mrs. Chi recently? 14. Loan’s brother (lose)………….. his job last month and since then he (be)………………. out of work. 15. These students ………………….( play) soccer at 6 a.m yesterday. 16. Last night when we (visit)……………..….. him, he (do)…………. an experiment on the upstairs. 17. They ………….……….(use) this machine for 3 weeks. 18. When I …………….…..(go) to school yesterday morning, I ……………(see) an accident. 19. She ……………………..( not visit) us last week. 20 I (see)…………………………. him next month. II. Gerund and to infinitive: Danh động từ và động từ nguyên mẫu có to Danh động từ động từ nguyên mẫu có to 1. Đứng sau một số động từ: admit, avoid, 1. Đứng sau một số động từ: Agree, appear, arrange, delay, enjoy, excuse, consider, deny, finish,. attempt, ask, decide, determine, fail, endeavour,. imagine, forgive, keep, mind, miss, postpone,. forget, happen, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan,. practise, resist, risk, stop, remember, forget,. prepare, promise, prove, refuse, remember, seem,. regret, suggest, like, propose, detest, dread,. tend, threaten, try, volunteer expect, want…. resent, pardon, try, fancy, advise, complete,. 2. Đứng sau tính từ, danh từ, từ hỏi, đại từ bất định, chỉ mục đích understand, dislike, acknowledge, .resume, have - It is difficult to do this exercise trouble -I don't know what to do -Do you have something to eat? Ex: - He likes swimming 2. Đứng sau giới từ (in, at, on, to, from, about...) -She went to the library to borrow some books -She is afraid of going there Exercise 1: Supply the correct form of the verb in brackets. 1. Try to avoid (make) .................................. him angry..

<span class='text_page_counter'>(3)</span> 2. She rushed out of the room without (give) …………....me a chance (explain) ........................ . 3. I tried (explain) .................... to him but he refused (listen) .................. 4. It's no use (cry) ......................... over spilt milk. 5. I suggest (hold) ...................... another meeting next week. 6. The teacher decided (accept)_____________ the paper 7. We found it is difficult (reach)______________ the agreement 8. She denied (accept) _____________ the gift 9. I hope (have)___________ a job 10. I can’t stand …………………………. (work) with them. 11. I have no intention of (go) ......................... to that film 12. We are looking forward to (read) …................. your new book. Exercise 2: Rewrite the sentences: 1. Shall we go for a ride?  What about _____________________________________________________ 2. Would you please do it for me? Would you mind __________________________________________ 3. Let's get together next Sunday? How about _______________________________________________ 4. Let's go camping tomorrow.- Why don't __________________________________________________ 5. I am sorry to have kept you waiting.- I must apologize for ____________________________________ III. Wh-questions: Câu hỏi có từ hỏi (when, why, what, who, which....)  Nguyên tắc đặt câu hỏi: a. Nếu chưa có trợ động từ thì phải mượn trợ động từ: do/ does/ did b. Nếu trợ động từ sẵn có(to be, khiếm khuyết) thì đảo chúng ra trước chủ ngữ, không mượn do/ does/did Một số từ hỏi khác -how far: bao xa -how long:bao lâu -how often: bao lâu một lần -how many / how much: bao nhiêu  Ex: -What is he doing? -Where can I find you? -Where will you go? -How many books do you have? Bài tập áp dụng: Exercise 1: Match questions for the underlined words or phrases 1. I'm taking French this semester.  ___________________________________________________ 2. She's staying there for two weeks.  __________________________________________________ 3. She is worried about the next examination.  __________________________________________ 4. I like English very much .  ________________________________________________________ 5. I began to study English six years ago .  ______________________________________________ 6. They live in the city centre.  _______________________________________________________ 7. Last night I went to a disco with my friend. __________________________________________ 8. I like "Tom and Jerry" because it's very interesting IV. The + adj + V ( số nhiều) -> person  Ex: -The poor need help from the rich -The unemployed are suffering from hunger Bài tập áp dụng: Exercise 1: Use The + Adjective from the list to complete each sentence. disabled, rich, deaf, unemployed, dumb, poor, blind, injured 1. …………….....have to help …………..…… 2. …………… in the accident yesterday morning was taken to hospital immediately. 3. The little boy is helping ………………………cross the street. 4. …….......….. and ………………. use a system of sign language to communicate with each other. 5. The government should take an urgent step to help …………………….. ..

<span class='text_page_counter'>(4)</span> Exercise 2: Choose the correct word between brackets. 1. The rich (is / are ) ………….. not always happy. 2. The poor (is / are )……………not always unhappy. 3. The dead never …………….( return / returns ). 4. The lazy can never …………….( succeeds / succeed ). 5. The young ( have / has ) ……………the future in their hand. V. Câu bị động: S+ BE+ PP+ BY+ O  Cách chuyển từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động: S + V +. O. S + be+ PP + BY + O Bị động hiện tại hoàn thành: S + have/ has + been + PP + BY + O Bài tập áp dụng: Exercise 1: Underline the correct verb form. 1. Tom has just promoted / has just been promoted to area manager of East Asia. 2. My father has taken / has been taken English class in the U.S. 3. How many times have you / have you been fired? 4. How much money have you saved / have you been saved for your vacation. 5. My brother has given / has been given tickets to the concert 6. The population of our city has risen / has been risen to nearly one million. 7. A strike has called / has been called by the factory worker. 8. They haven’t offered / haven’t been offered more money by the management. Exercise 2: Change into passive voice 1. Somebody has stolen my bike.  __________________________________________ 2. They have postponed the class meeting.  __________________________________________ 3. They have built a new school near our house.  __________________________________________ 4. Has somebody informed Lan of the change?  __________________________________________ 5. They haven’t finished their assignments.  __________________________________________ VI. Relative clauses: (Mệnh đề quan hệ) 1. Chức năng của các quan hệ từ: WHO : thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người (làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ) WHOM: thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người (làm tân ngữ) WHICH: thay thế cho danh từ chỉ vật (làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ) WHOSE: thay thế cho một hình thức sở hữu (sở hữu cách, tính từ sở hữu, of …) WHERE: thay thế cho một cụm giới từ chỉ nơi chốn = (giới từ) + WHICH WHEN : thay thế cho một cụm giới từ chỉ thời gian = (giới từ) + WHICH WHY : thay thế cho một cụm giới từ chỉ lý do = (giới từ) + reason THAT : thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người , vật. 2. Vị trí của các quan hệ từ: + Đứng sau từ mà nó thay thế + Đứng đầu mệnh đề quan hệ Căn cứ vào chức năng và vị trí, ta có thể rút ra quy tắt sau đây: (Danh từ chỉ người). +. (Danh từ chỉ người). + WHOM / WHO / that. (Danh từ chỉ vật). +. WHO / that WHICH / that. +. V…. + + +. S + S + V…. V… V…. + V… + S + V…  that = who, whom, which nhưng that không được dùng sau dấu phẩy và giới từ Bài tập áp dụng: Exercise 1: Fill in each gap with suitable relative pronoun : which , that , whose , whom or who (Danh từ). +. WHOSE. 1. Stop him . He’s the man _________ stole my wallet.. + noun.

<span class='text_page_counter'>(5)</span> 2. There are many people ________ are living in very poor condition. 3. I’ve ever read the book _________ Huong gave me yesterday. 4. The man _______ I saw last weekend said something totally different. 5. They have invented a television set _________ is small as a watch. 6. This is the building __________ was destroyed badly in the fire last night . 7. I’m talking about Tom, __________ is really friendly. 8. The boy _________ sister is in my class can speak Japanese and Korean languages. 9. Is this the letter _____________ you wanted me to mail? 10. The man _____________. sat next to me on the bus turned out to be my friend's father Exercise 2: Combine the sentences, using relative clause 1. A girl was injured in the accident. She is now in hospital  ____________________________________ 2. They are singing a song. I don’t know the song.  ____________________________________ 3. A man spoke to me. He was very helpful.  ____________________________________ 4. A building was destroyed in the fire. It has now been rebuilt.  _________________________________ 5. A bus goes to the airport. It runs every half hour.  ____________________________________ 6. The man is my father. I respect his opinion most.  ____________________________________ 7. Jill isn’t on the phone. This makes it difficult to contact her.  ___________________________________ VII. be going to (sẽ) + V1 / be +V-ing (the present continuous ) 1. be going to a. ý định có trước lúc nói Ex: A: Why are you working so hard these days? B: Because I'm going to buy a car. b. dự đoán có cơ sở: Look at the black clouds. It's going to rain. 2. be +V-ing: Diễn tả dự định tương lai có mốc thời gian cụ thể. Ex: They are having an English-speaking club meeting next week. Exercise 1: Put the verbs in brackets in the present continuous or be going to. 1. The Browns (go)........................to the cinema this evening. 2. We (have)........................an English-speaking club meeting next week. 3. The cat is just behind the rat. It (catch).......................the rat. 4. Where……………….. you (put)..........................this new bookcase? 5. Smoking is very bad for his health, but he (not give) ………………………..it up. VIII. Mệnh đề lí do và nhượng bộ Mệnh đề lí do Mệnh đề nhượng bộ because + clause (S + V) Although + clause (S + V) because of + noun phrase / V-ing In spite of + noun phrase / V-ing Bài tập áp dụng: Exercise 1: Complete the sentences with although / in spite of / because / because of. 1. ………………………it rained a lot, we enjoyed our vacation. 2. a/ I went home early …………......................….I was feeing sick. b/ I went to work the next day ……………………I was still feeling sick. 3. I couldn’t get to sleep ………………..there was a lot of noise. 4. I didn’t get the job ……………….being extremely qualified. 5. ……………………………..the traffic was bad, I arrived on time. 6. I couldn’t sleep ………………………….. I was really tired. 7. The flight may be cancelled …………………………the thick fog. 8. My mother is always complaining................ the untidiness of my room. 9. I didn't get the job...................I had all the necessary qualifications. 10. ............. it was sunny, it was quite a cold day. Exercise 2: Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means as the same as the sentence printed before it. 1. Because of the rough sea, the ferry couldn’t sail. -> Because ____________________________.

<span class='text_page_counter'>(6)</span> 2. Although he had a good salary, he was unhappy in his life.-> In spite of _________________________ 3. Although his leg was broken, he managed to get out of the car.-> In spite of _______________________ 4. There were a lot of accidents because of the icy roads.-> Because ____________________________ 5. They went out in spite of heavy rain.-> Although ____________________________ 6. Although his book was successful, he decided not to write any more.-> In spite of __________________ 7. Cars cause pollution but people still want them. -> Although ____________________________ 8. Jenny ran fast but she didn’t win the race.->Despite the fact ____________________________ 9. He didn't go to school because his illness.-> Because he ____________________________ 10. Nancy told me the secret despite having promised not to do so. → Because of ____________________ IX. Reported speech with statements: tường thuật câu phát biểu. Direct speech. Reported speech. 1. Tense - Simple present - Simple past - Present Continuous - Past Continuous - Present perfect - Past perfect - Simple past - Simple past/ past perfect - Past continuous - Past perfect continuous - Past perfect - Past perfect * will * would * can * can / could * must * had to 2. Adverbs of time - yesterday - the day before / the previous day - last week - the week before / the previous week - now - then - today - that day - tomorrow - the day after / the following day - next week - the week after / the following - right now - at once 3. Adverbs of place: - here - there 4. demonstrative words - this - that - these - those  Ex: -"I want to buy it"-> He said he wanted to buy it -"I'm writing a letter now"-> He said he was writing a letter then Bài tập áp dụng: Exercise 1: Rewrite the sentences, using reported speech. 1/ Tom said : “I bought a pocket calculator for my father last week.” - _________________________________________________________ 2/ She said : “I spent a summer in this village.” - _________________________________________________________ 3/ They said to me : “You taught us English last year.” - _________________________________________________________ *4/ Our teacher said : “ World War II broke out in 1939.” _________________________________________________________ 5/ Mr.Brown said : “Our trip cost us two thousand dollars.” - _________________________________________________________ 6/ He said to her : “ I can’t find my hat anywhere in this room.” - _________________________________________________________ 7/ My father said to them : “My secretary is going to finish this job.” _________________________________________________________.

<span class='text_page_counter'>(7)</span> 8/ They said : “We can’t meet you here either today or tomorrow.” - _________________________________________________________ 9/ He said : “Your car has been stolen, John.” ____________________________________________________ 10/ They said : “The river is rising early this year.” _________________________________________________________ X. Conditional sentence type 1: Câu điều kiện loại 1 (có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai) If clause Main clause S + V (+s / es) Will + V1 S + don’t / doesn’t) Ex: - If you study hard, you will pass the next exam - If you don't do your homework, you won't pass your exams. Bài tập áp dụng: Exercise 1: Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tenses. 1. If I see him, I (give)................him a lift 2. The table will collapse if you (stand)................on it 3. If he (eat)...............all that, he will be ill 4. If I find your passport, I (telephone)....................you at once 5. The police (arrest).................him if they catch him 6. Someone (steal ) your car if you leave it unlocked 7. If you (not go).....................away, I'll send for the police 8. If he (be) ................late, we'll go without him 9. He will be late for the train if he (not start) ..................at once 10. Ice (turn)..................to water if you heat it. B. CÁC DẠNG BÀI TẬP I. PRONUNCIATION A. Choose the word that has the underlined (letters) pronounced differently from the others. 1. a. scream b. death c. ready d. peasant 2. a. chat b. panic c. park d. passenger 3. a. movie b. die c. pie d. lie 4. a. how b. town c. power d. low 5. a. may b. mad c. railway d. hate 6. a. focus b. post c. most d. house 7. a. decide b. depress c. mess d. better 8. a. health b. eat c. seat d. meat 9. a. boss b. call c. more d. talk 10. a. chorus b. champion c. cheap d. child 11. a. soup b. route c. group d. could 12. a. media b. television c. scene d. secret 13. a. cartoon b. moon c. food d. too 14. a. wild b. try c. mystery d. violent 15. a. paper b. famous c. rain d. channel B. Choose the word whose main stress is placed differently from the others. 1. a. channel b. media c. cartoon d. comment 2. a. documentary b. advantage c. magazine d. popularity 3. a. newspaper b. encourage c. responsible d. effective 4. a. beautiful b. television c. Internet d. interfere.

<span class='text_page_counter'>(8)</span> 5. a. enjoy intend 6. a. excursion 7. a. relax 8. a. glorious 9. a. persuade. b. relax b. spacious b. permit b. possible b. believe. c. recommend c. resume c. picnic c. p protective c. instead. d. d. pagoda d. visit d. necessary d. anxious. II. VOCABULARY AND STRUCTURE 1 . John isn't content with his present salary. a. excited about b. satisfied with c. disappointed about d. interested in 2. We.................the seedlings into peaty soil. a. take b. plough c. raise d. transplant 3. We seldom set: each other anymore. a. sometimes b. occasionally c. frequently d. rarely 4. She purchased a number of shares in the company. a. invested b. sold c. exchanged d. bought 5. She got......................as soon as the alarm clock went a. over/ on b. up/ down c. up! off d. on/ off. 6. When I was young, I received some ……..training from my father. A. science B. scientific C. scientist D. scientifically 7. We must send ………….aid to the refugees. A. human B. humanism C. humane D. humanitarian 8. Nowadays, more and more young people want to have a university …… . A. educate B. education C. educator D. educational 9. The purpose of the test is to ………. The weight of the chemical element. A. ease B. interrupt C. determine D. receive 10. In the 19th century, it was ………… for a woman to become a doctor. A. unable B. impossible C. couldn’t D. incapable 11. He rushed into the burning building, ………..was very brave. A. it B. who C. that D. which 12. My father didn’t …………………coffee for breakfast. A. used to have B. use to have C. use to having D. use be having 13. Without the Braille Alphabet it would be very difficult for ……….. A. disabled B. the deaf C. the mute D. the blind 14. Thuy’s class is different ………other classes because the children are disabled. A. on B. from C. in D. at 15. The little boy is helping……………..cross the street. A. the poor B. the rich C. the blind D. the young 16. Many people lost their home in the Earthquake. The government is trying to establish more shelters to care for ……………… A. the childless B. the homeless C. the blind D. the deaf 17. The government should have special policies to help the ……………. . A. disable B. disabled C. disability D. disablement 18. I ………….up late at night. A. use to stay B. am used to stay C. used to staying D. am used to staying 19. The blind child …………… a great effort to learn “Braille”. A. did B. got C. made D. created 20. My aunt has just bought an …………… cooker. A. electric B. electrical C. electricity D. electrician 21. A …………is used to copy the information from a computer on to paper. A. photocopier B. printer C. speaker D. mouse 22. This robot is …………….of doing almost anything you ask. A. able B. possible C. capable D. could 23. The Internet helps us to interact ………other people around the world..

<span class='text_page_counter'>(9)</span> A. to B. from C. of D. with 24. Robert is going to be famous someday. He …………..in three movies already. A. appeared B. had appeared C. has appeared D. has been appearing 25. The chemistry book …………..was a little expensive. A. that I bought it B. I bought that C. what I bought D. that I bought 26. Do you remember Mrs. Huong, …………..taught us English. A. who B. whom C. that D. which 27. I have been in this city for a long time. I …….here sixteen years ago. A. have come B. was coming C. came D. had come 28. Tom and I ………………to Mary’s birthday party together. A. am going B. are going C. will go D. are going to go 29. You have heard she isn’t coming to the meeting, ……………….? A. is she B. haven’t you C. aren’t you D. hasn’t she 30. I will try to ………………….her to go with us. A. persuade B. suggest C. propose D. offer 31. This semester in geography we have studied rock ………………. A. information B. formal C. informal D. formations 32. We are going to make a two-day ………………to visit Huong Pagoda. A. travel B. excursion C. voyage D. gone 33. I know that he ………………..in the library at this moment. A. works B. has worked C. is working D. was working 34. She ………………sixteen years old next Saturday. A. is B. is going to C. will be D. has 35. I …………….our teacher tomorrow, so I shall give him your note. A. have seen B. going to see C. shall have seen D. am seeing 36. Because of her illness, my daughter couldn’t go to school. A. stomachache B. backache C. sadness D. sickness 37. We receive information from radio through ears. A. orally B. visually C. aurally D. usually 38. Television increases in popularity of sports and game. A. lower B. raise C. arouse D. balance 39. There is a good film on TV tonight. A. play B. comedy C. drama D. movie 40. One disadvantage of TV is that it interferes ……………family life. A. for B. to C. with D. of 41. A film which is made by photographing a series of changing drawings is called a ……..….. A. drama B. cartoon C. comedy D. documentary 42. The recent heavy rains have helped to ease the water ................. a. supply b. poverty c. plenty d. shortage 43. I wanted to work somewhere where I could serve the ............ a. village b. community c. town d. country 44. They tried to find a way of bettering their lives. a. moving b. changing c. achieving d. improving 45. He came in tired and hungry and badly ................ need of a bath. a. for b. to c. on d. in 46. Last year we had a bumper crop of strawberries. a. large crop b. poor crop c. early crop d. record crop 48. I don't like quizzes because my general ...............is so poor. a. appearance b. memory c. knowledge d. thinking 48. The house had been................three apartments. a. turned in b. put in c. pulled down d. turned into 49. A film which is made by photographing a series of changing drawings is called a ……..…...

<span class='text_page_counter'>(10)</span> A. drama B. cartoon C. comedy D. documentary 50. ……………presents information and entertainment orally. A. Radio B. The Internet C. Television D. Newspaper 51. We have lived in this town ………….fifteen years. A. since B. for C. last D. before 52. The teacher ……………them that she was going to hold a English-speaking club A. says B. said C. told D. tells III. WORD FORMATION: Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in. brackets. 1. The local...........................are listed in the local newspaper. (entertain) 2. He was absent from class yesterday because of his............................(ill) 3. Everyone needs to live in a ................................environment.(health) 4. My mother has just given me a pocket................................machine. ( calculate) 5. I know.............................how she felt. (exact) 6. I felt quite.......................with my day's work. (satisfy) 7. He apologized for the.........................he had caused. (convenient) 8. The school..............................about 600 new students every year. (admission) 9. Sign language is very helpful for both the deaf and the....................................(muting) 10. Helen's success has............................millions of blind people to try and overcome their difficulties. (courage) 11. For your ....................., the library is on the third floor. (inform) 12. This is one of the best....................films showing the lives of working people.(document) 13. There is a great....................of water here.(short) 14. The government has introduced some.......................measures to reduce unemployment.(effect) 15. John asked his teacher for.......................to go to home earlier.(permit). -THE END-.

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