truc tiep gian tiep 8

<span class='text_page_counter'>(1)</span>CÂU TRỰC TIẾP  CÂU GIÁN TIẾP 1. Giới thiệu: Trong lời nói trực tiếp, chúng ta ghi lại chính xác những từ, ngữ của người nói dùng. Lời nói trực tiếp thường được đặt trong dấu ngoặc kép " " Ví dụ: 1- He said, “I learn English”. 2- "I love you," she said. 2. Những thay đổi trong lời nói Trực và Gián tiếp: 2.1 Đổi thì của câu: Thì của các động từ trong lời nói gián tiếp thay đổi theo một nguyên tắc chung là lùi về quá khứ (các thì xuống cấp):. Thì trong Lời nói trực tiếp - Hiện tại đơn. Thì trong Lời nói gián tiếp - Quá khứ đơn. - Hiện tại tiếp diễn. - Quá khứ tiếp diễn. - Hiện tại hoàn thành. - Quá khứ hoàn thành. - Hiện tại hoàn thành TD. - Quá khứ hoàn thành TD. - Quá khứ đơn. - Quá khứ hoàn thành. - Quá khứ hoàn thành. - Quá khứ hoàn thành (không đổi). - Tương lai đơn. - Tương lai trong quá khứ. - Tương lai TD. - Tương lai TD trong quá khứ. - Is/am/are going to do. - Was/were going to do. - Can/may/must. - Could/might/had to. 2.2 Các thay đổi khác: a. Thay đổi Đại từ Các đại từ nhân xưng và đại sở hữu khi chuyển từ lời nói trực tiếp sang lời nói gián tiếp thay đổi như bảng sau ĐẠI TỪ Đại từ nhân xưng. Đại từ sở hữu. TRỰC TIẾP I we you me us you my our your mine ours. GIÁN TIẾP he, she they they him, her them them his, her their their his, her theirs.

<span class='text_page_counter'>(2)</span> yours. theirs. b. Các thay đổi ở trạng từ không gian và thời gian:. Trực tiếp This. That. That. That. These. Those. Here. There. Now. Then. Today. That day. Ago Tomorrow. Gián tiếp. Before The next day / the following day. The day after tomorrow In two day’s time / two days after Yesterday. The day before / the previous day. The day before yesterday Two day before Next week. The following week. Last week. The previous week / the week before. Last year. The previous year / the year before. Ví dụ: Trực tiếp: "I will read these letters now." Gián tiếp: She said that she would read those letters then.. * Lưu ý, trong những trường hợp sau động từ không biến đổi 1. Lời nói trực tiếp diễn tả một sự thật hiển nhiên, một chân lí hay một thói quen ở hiện tại EX: 1. The teacher said, “The moon moves around the earth” - The teacher said that the moon moves around the earth. 2. He said, “ I always drink milk for breakfast” - Peter said that he always drinks milk for breakfast. 2. Lời nói trực tiếp có các động từ tình thái như: could, would, should, might, ought to, used to, had better. EX: My friend said, “You had better contact with her” - My friend said that I had better contact with her. 3. Lời nói trực tiếp là câu điều kiện loại II hoặc câu điều kiện loại II. He said, “ If I were you, I wouldn’t wait” - He said that if he were me he wouldn’t wait..

<span class='text_page_counter'>(3)</span> 4. Thời quá khứ đơn hoặc quá khứ tiếp diễn có thời gian xác định hoặc thuộc mệnh đề chỉ thời gian. EX: She said, “My mother arrived on Monday” - She said that her mother arrived on Monday.. CÁC LOẠI CÂU TỪ TRỰC TIẾP SANG GIÁN TIÊP Loại câu Statements (câu kể). Direct Speech S + said(that) + S + V → told(that) Ex: He said “I go to school early”. Imperatives. (Tường Ex1: The teacher said “Open your thuật câu books, please” mệnh lệnh). Indirect Speech ( Reported). S + said that + S + V- ed (lùi thì) He said that he went to school early.. asked told S + ordered + O + to/not to + V commanded The teacher asked her students to open their books.. Ex2: “John, please don’t tell anyone Mary told John not to tell anyone her my new adress” said Mary new dress. Auxiliary(trợ động từ) + S + V?→ S + asked +O+ if/whether + S + V(lùi thì) Yes/ No questions. WHquestions. Eg 1: “Are you a student?”.. He asked me if/whether I was a student.. Eg 2: “Did you see this film?”.. He asked me if/whether I had seen that film.. → S + asked + O + WH + S + V(lùi thì).. WH + auxiliary + S + V?. Eg: “Where have you gone?”.. He asked me where I had gone.. ___________________________________________________________. EXERCISES Change the following sentences into reported speech: I. Imperative sentence 1. She said to him: “give me another glass of wine”. ………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………. 2. She said to me: “bring me a book”. ………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………. 3. Mother said to him: “open the window please!”. ………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………. 4. He said to me: “shut the door after you”. ………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………. 5. The captain said to them: “wait here still I come back”. ………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………. 6. She told him: “take it and come with me”. ………………………………………………………..…………………………………………. 7. He said to me: “don’t come back before one o’clock”. ………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………. 8. My mother told me: “don’t forget to look at the door”. ………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………. 9. He said to his brother: “don’t open the window, open the door”..

<span class='text_page_counter'>(4)</span> ………………………………………………………..………………………………………………………. 10. He said to the girl: “don’t sit on my bed, sit on this chair please!”. ………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………. II. Statements She said,” I can’t find my umbrella”  ___________________________________________________________. 1.. They said, “We are learning English now”. ___________________________________________________________. 2.. “ My friend is coming next week”, Tom said..  ___________________________________________________________. 5.. “ My father is a doctor here”, my friend said.  ___________________________________________________________. 6.. “I am going on holiday tomorrow”, the boy said to his neighbor.. ___________________________________________________________. 7.. “ I came back here early yesterday,” she said..  ___________________________________________________________. 8.. “ I’ve broken the vase,” she said. ___________________________________________________________. 9.. “ I will never see you again,” the boy said to the girl..  ___________________________________________________________. 10.. Johnny said to his mother, “I don’t know how to do this axercise.”.  ___________________________________________________________. 11.. Marry said, “My father died a year ago”.. ___________________________________________________________. 12.. John said, “I have finished studying my lesson”.. ___________________________________________________________. 11. She says: “I knew your difficulties.”. ___________________________________________________________. III. Questions 1. “Do you enjoy reading?” Mike asked Peter _________________________________________________________________________ 2. “Do you like sports?” Hang asked Nam ___________________________________________________________________________ 3. “Do your sister and brother go to the same school?” She asked Nam ___________________________________________________________________________ 4. “Are there some oranges in the fridge?” She asked her mom ___________________________________________________________________________ 5. “Will it rain tomorrow morning?” He asked his friend ___________________________________________________________________________ 6. “Did you go to Hue three years ago?” Tam asked Peter ___________________________________________________________________________ 7. “Are Tam and Hoa late for class?” Tuan asked Lan ___________________________________________________________________________ 8. “Where does your father work?” The teacher asked me ___________________________________________________________________________ 9. “How many people are there in your family?” She asked John __________________________________________________________________________ 10. Tam’s friend asked him “How long will you stay in England?” ___________________________________________________________________________ 11. “What time doesthe film begin?” She asked her mom ___________________________________________________________________________.

<span class='text_page_counter'>(5)</span> 12. The teacher said to Lien “What‘s your hobby?” ___________________________________________________________________________ 13. “How do you go to the airport?” His friend asked him __________________________________________________________________________.

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