cách chuyển trực tiếp - gián tiếp

1. Thì của động từ
Trực tiếp Gián tiếp
Present simple
She said, I stay at home today
-> Past simple
-> She said that she stayed at home that day.
Present continuous
She said, What are you doing now?
-> Past continuous
-> She asked what I was doing then.
Present perfect
She said, I have bought a computer.
-> Past perfect
-> She said that she had bought a computer.
Present perfect continuous
He said, I have been playing soccer.
-> Past perfect continuous
-> He said that he had been playing soccer.
Simple past
She said, I bought a car.
-> Simple past/ Past perfect
-> She said that she bought a car.
-> She said that she had bought a car.
Past continuous
He said, I was watching TV at 7 oclock
-> Past continuous/ Past perfect continuous
-> He said that he was watching TV at 7 oclock.
-> He said that he had been watching TV at 7
oclock.
Past perfect
She said, I had met my friend by 3 oclock

-> Past perfect
-> She said she had met her friend by 3 oclock.
Past perfect continuous
She said, By 8 oclock, I had been working
for 3 hours
-> Past perfect continuous
-> She said that by 8 oclock, I had been working
for 3 hours.
Simple future
She said, I will play the guitar.
-> Future in the past
-> She said that she would play the guitar.
Future continuous
She said, I will be playing the guitar at 3
oclock this afternoon
-> Future continuous in the past
-> She said that She would be playing the guitar at
3 oclock this afternoon.
* Chú ý:
Nếu động từ ở mệnh đề giới thiệu đợc dùng ở present perfect (thì hiện tại hoàn thành), present simple( thì
hiện tại đơn), present continuous ( thì hiện tại tiếp diễn), hoặc simple future (thì tơng lai đơn), thì của động từ trong
câu gián tiếp vẫn không thay đổi.
Ví dụ:
She says, I can speak English.
-> She says that she can speak English.
My mother has said, I will visit Hanoi
-> My mother has said that she will visit Hanoi.
2. Các tính từ chỉ định và trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn và thời gian
Trực tiếp Gián tiếp
this -> that

these -> those
here -> there
now -> then
ago -> before
today -> that day
tonight -> that night
tomorrow -> the next day/ the following day/ the day before
yesterday -> the previous day/ the day before
last night/ week/ month -> the previous night/ week/ month
-> the night/ week/ month before
next week/ month -> the following week/ month
-> the week/ month after
the day before yesterday -> two days before
the day after tomorrow -> two days after