Tải bản đầy đủ (.pdf) (9 trang)

Tài liệu Giáo trình dinh dưỡng gia súc P3 doc

Bạn đang xem bản rút gọn của tài liệu. Xem và tải ngay bản đầy đủ của tài liệu tại đây (177.62 KB, 9 trang )

đại học cần thơ
đại học cần thơ đại học cần thơ
đại học cần thơ -

- khoa nông nghiệp
khoa nông nghiệp khoa nông nghiệp
khoa nông nghiệp


giáo trình giảng dạy trực tuyến
QJ7S&ĂQ7K7HO)D[
:HEVLWHKWWSZZZFWXHGXYQNQQHPDLOGPLQK#FWXHGXYQYWDQK#FWXHGXYQ






Giáo trình
dinh dỡng gia súc

chơng 3
nớc: chức năng và nhu cầu




Chủ biên: PTS. Lu Hữu Mãnh
Tham gia biên soạn: Th.S. Nguyễn Nhựt Xuân Dung
và PTS Võ Văn Sơn


Tháng 1 năm 1999





&KQJ

1mlv&&+mv&1g1*9$s1+8&h|8

1FWKQJNKQJF[SORDLQKODPWGQJFKWPFGXQF
FXWDRWFWKFRQYWWUQJWKDQKYDFRNKLFKLPWURQJOQJ
WKXVVLQK7X\QKLQWPTXDQWURQJFXDYLFFXQJFS\XYDQFVDFK
FKRFRQYWDFTXDQWPUWQKLX1JD\QD\WPTXDQWURQJFXDYLFODP
VDFK QF  QKLPPLWUQJEQJ FDFKFDL WLQFKW OQJ QFYDV SKX
WKXFFXDQJXQQFFXQJFSODPWYQWUDWURQJFKQQXL
1FFKLP PWW\ OUW TXDQWURQJ WURQJFWKJLDVXFYDODWKDQK
SKQFEDQFXDFXWDRFWKEDRJPQFFXWDRYDQFVLQKKRDW/QJ
QFQ\SKDLO\WEQQJRDLQKQFXQJQFWURQJWKFQYDQFGR
WUDRLEQWURQJFWKWDRUD1KLXWFKFFXDFWKFRWKFKDQ
QF1JD\QJYWWKX\VLQKQFFXQJNKQJFKODPWFKWWU1JLWD
ODP WK QJKLP QK VDX W PW WUQJ FK D WKX WLQK QQJ NKRDQJ YDL
PLOLJUDPYDRWURQJQFQJX\QFKWWKYDLQJD\VDXWUQJQUDPWFRQQRIQJ
QRFQQJQYDJUDPiHPSKQWFKWK\YWFKWNKFXDQRQJQRFWKQFXD
WUQJFKYPWSKQDFVGXQJO\QQJOQJWURQJTXDWUQKVLQK
WUQJSKQWURQJOQJJLDWQJODGRQFDFWKXYDRYDWUWKDQKFX
WWKLW\XFXDFWK1KDGLQKGQJKRF5XEQHUDTXDQVDWWK\UQJFWK
FRWKPWKWPYDWUQSKQQDSURWHLQPDYQVQJFQKQJQXPWL
PWSKQPLOQJQFWKFWKVHFKW


,7q1+&+h79$s&+mv&1g1*&8t$1mlv&

 iLYLWWFDVLQKYWQFFRKDLFKFQQJTXDQWURQJODWKDQKSKQFKX
\XWURQJYLFWUDRLFXDFWKYDOD\XWFKQKWURQJYLFLXKRDWKQ
QKLWFXDFWK+DLFKFQQJTXDQWURQJFXQFFWKKLQQKVDX
1FODPWPLWUQJSKQWDQO\WQJFRNKDQQJKRDWDQYDLRQ
KRDFDRJLXSFKRFDFSKDQQJWEDRGWLQKDQKQKDQKFKRQJNKSFWK
1KFRW\QKLWFDRQQQFFRNKDQQJKSWKXQKLWFXDFDFSKDQ
QJPDQKLWWQJUWW&DQQRQDQRL1KLWVDQVLQKGRPWES


WKWODPYLFOLQWXFWURQJSKXWUWOQQXOQJQKLWQ\NKQJFUXW
LQKDQKFKRQJWKQRFRNKDQQJQXFKQFFQJDOEXPLQQKPWWUQJJD
OXFOX1KLWEFKLFXDQFFDRODPFKRWKD\LQKLWFKPODLQKWK
WKQQKLWFXDFRQYWFLXKRD
&DFWQKFKWYWO\NKDFUWTXDQWURQJFXDQFLYLVLQKO\FXD
FRQYWQKVFFQJPWQJRDLFDRKQJVOQJLQYDK\GUDWKRDFDRFXQJ
JLXSFKFOFFKRTXDWUQKWLXKRDFKX\QFKYDEDLWKDLFDFFKW
1FODFKWFEDQFXDFDFSKDQQJWUDRLFKWWURQJFWK7URQJ
TXDWUQKWLXKRDFDFSKDQQJWKX\JLDLFQFRQFWURQJTXDWUQKQJKRD
QKLXSKDQQJWQJKSFXQJFQFRQF
1FODYWQWURQJSKQOQFTXDQQKWURQJGFKNKSODPWUQ
NKS[QJJLDPOFWDFQJJLDPOFPDVDWWURQJGFKQDRWX\ODPYWP
FKRQDREYDWX\VQJWDLWURQJJLXSFKRVWUX\QPPWJLXSWUX\QDQK
VDQJPDQJERFWKDLJLFKRWKDLFPD1FFRQODWKDQKSKQFQEQJ
FDFFKW LQJLDL WURQJF WK9QKQJWQKFKWFELWYDTXDQWURQJPD
QJLWDFKRUQJQFODGQJFKWWKLW\XTXDQWURQJEFQKW
,,1*8k|11mlv&&81*&h3&+2&l7+j}
&R  QJXQQF FKQKFKR FWK QF XQJ QFWURQJWKFQYD
QFGRWUDRLFKWELQGQJ

 1FXQJYDQFWURQJWKFQ
1FOXQOXQFRVQWURQJWKFQJLDVXFWKD\LWGLWKFQWLQK
FKRQWUQWKFQFXTXD1JRDLQFWLSWKXWWKFQJLDVXFFRQ
WLXWKXKDQJQJD\PWOQJQFXQJUWOQ
 1FELHQGQJ
6ELQGQJKD\VR[LGKRDQF
1FGRWUDRLFKWVLQKFKX\XWFDFSKDQQJR[LGKRDFDFGQJ
FKWYDPWWWWQJKSSURWHLQNKQF
9GXSKDQQJR[LGKRDJOXFRVH
&

+

2

Г2

→&2

Г+

2
7SKDQ QJWUQ FKR WK\JOXFRVHER[LGKRDVDQVLQKUDWURQJ
OQJ FXD QR OD QF 6 OQJ QF SKQ WUP VLQK UDQ\ F [HP QK
FKXQJ FKR WW FD JOXFLG 1F FRQ VLQK UDGR TXDWUQK GRWUDR L FKW FXD
SURWHLQODYDFXDOLSLWODWUQ


6RVDQKFDUERK\GUDWHSURWHLQYDOLSLGYQFELQGQJYDQKLWQQJ
ELQGQJ YLQKLW QQJELQ GQJWDWK\R[LGKRDJOXFLGODFRKLXTXD

QKW


 1KLWQQJ
ELQGQJ
.FDO
1F
ELQGQJ
J
+

2ELQGQJ.FDO
QKLWQQJELQGQJ
J
JFDUERK\GUDW  

[ 

JSURWHLQ  

[ 

JOLSLG  

[ 

1KY\FDUERK\GUDWODQJXQFKX\XWDRUDQQJOQJYDQFELQ
GQJ7URQJTXDWUQKWQJKSSURWHLQNKLFDFDFLGDPLQQLQKDXKQKWKDQK
FKXLSRO\SHSWLGDVDQVLQKUDFDFSKQWQF
1FELQGQJLNKLFXQJTXDQWURQJWURQJYDLWUQJKSVLQKO\

FELW7KGXFDFFRQYWQJXPXDQJQFELQGQJODQJXQQF
GX\QKWQFQD\VLQKUDWVR[LWKRDFDFJOXFLGYDPGWUXFQEQJ
YLOQJQFWKD\UDTXDQJKKSYDEFKL7QKKXQJQ\NKDFELW
YLQLNKKDQQKVDPDFQFWKRDWUDGRKKSYDEFKLTXDQKLXVR
YL QF ELQGQJ VLQKUD 6FKPLGW1LHOVRQD WQKUQJNKLFRQODFDJLD
WQJKKSWKFQR[LGKRDNJPYDVHFRNJQFVLQKUDWURQJNKLR
WKPWLNJQFQKY\VHNKQJFROQJQFWKXQVDQVLQKUDGL
LXNLQQKY\1FELQGQJFKFKLPWQJOQJQFWLSWKX
FXDJLDVXFYDWKD\LWKHRPFELQGQJ
,,,1mlv&%$s,7+$t,
1FFEDLWKDLTXDKLWKPKLSKQQFWLX
1FWURQJSKQ
D/QJQFWKDLUDWURQJSKQWX\WKXFKQKWKFFXDWKFQ/QJQF
Q\WQJNKLWKFQODWKFQWKYDORDLWKFQFRWQKQKXQWURQJ1RL
FKXQJNKLVOQJWKFQNKQJWLXKRDFDQJOQWKOQJQFWKDLUDWURQJ
SKQFDQJQKLX


E /QJ QFWKDL UDWURQJSKQFRQWX\WKXFYDRORDLJLDVXF7KGXSKQ
SKQERWKQJFKDQFFRQSKQFXODLNKKQSKQERWURQJFXQJ
PWNKXSKQ3KQWUXODLORQJKQSKQERSKQYWORQJKQSKQJD
1FWURQJFDFGFKWLXKRDYDRUXWUWOQOQKQFDOQJQF
FXDPDXQKQJQFWURQJSKQWKQJUWQKRYSKQOQQFWURQJFDFGFK
WLXKRDXFKSWKXWUODL&DQJJLDWQJPFFKWNKQYDRWKWO
QFPWLFDQJFDR
1FWURQJQFWLX
1FWKDLUDWURQJQFWLXUWWKD\LYDWX\WKXFQKLX\XW7KQ
YLQKLPYXLXWLWWKWFKYDWKDQKSKQWKGFKEDLWKDLQFQKLXKD\W
WX\WKXFYDR
 /QJQFYDRWFDFKWKQJNKDFDQWKQYDOQJQFW

WKQLUD
 6OQJ FDFVDQ SKPG KRDQK PXL NKRDQJYDQKQJFKWGR
WUDRL QL VLQK QKXUYQFJLYDLWURGXQJPLKRDWDQFDF
FKWQD\
'RNKDQQJORFYDWDLKSWKXQFWKFKLQQKSQKDQJWKQFRWK
KDQFKOQJQFPWLRQPFWKSQKW
7KQJWKQJOQJSURWHLQYDNKRDQJFXDWKFQFDQJFDRWKOQJ
QFWURQJQFWLXFDQJOQYDQKXFXQFGRRFXQJJLDWQJ0WO\GR
FXDKLQWQJQD\ODQFGRWUDRLFKWFXDSURWHLQWKSKQFXDJOXFLGYD
OLSLW
1FFXDQFWLXFXQJWKD\LWKHRORDLQJYWGRVNKDFELWY
VDQSKPFXLFXQJFXDVGKRDFKWDPlORDLKXQKXVDQSKPGKRD
FKWDPODXU8UUWFFKRFRQYWYDODLUWGWDQYWKFQFROQJQF
QKLXODPORDQJYDWKDLQRUDNKRLWFKFltORDLFKLPVDQSKPGKRDFKW
DPODD[LWXULFFWKDLUDGLGDQJKXQKF9DODLGKRDDPWKDQK
D[LGXULFVDQVLQKQKLXQFELQGQJKQODGKRDWKDQKXU9WKWURQJ
FXQJLXNLQQJRDJLLJLDFPRLKRLQFWKQVRYLJLDVXFKXQKX
QKQRLVQJFOXKQODQKQNKDWYDQKWODQXQWKFQQKLXSURWHLQ
PDQKQNKDWWKODLFDQJPDXFKWYXUWFKWXFDQJQKLXNKQJWKDLF
QD*LDFPUQYDFQWUXQJFKXQJWQKWUDQJQD\JLRLKQ
1FWURQJKLWK


+LWKUDFRKLQFEDRKRDGRRQFEPWLVOQJQFPW
FDQJWQJWKPNKLFRQYWYQQJKRFYPWO\GRQDRRODPFRQYWWQJ
QKSWK
1FWURQJPKL
1FFRQEWKDLUDTXDGDGRFDFWUX\QPKL1FWURQJPKLFR
WDFGXQJEFKLODPKDQKLWFWK/QJQFPWLWURQJPKLWQJ
OQNKLFRQYWYQQJKRFWURQJPLWUQJQRQJ

1FEDWKDLWURQJKLWKYDPKLWQJOQNKLQKLWPWQJ
YDFRQWX\WKXFORDLWKFQYDFDVOQJQFXQJYDR.KLOQJWKFQ
YDQFXQJNKQJDQJNWKOQJQFPWLTXDKLWKPKLYDSKQ
FKLPPWVOQJFDRVRYLOQJQFWKDLUDWURQJQFWLX
/DFDFKXFNKDWWURQJKDQKWUQKGDLWUQVDPDFODQKFRFDF\X
WWLWFKQKXFXQFQK
 gQWRDQWKFQFDUERK\GUDWHGRRWVDQVLQKXU
 /QJGD\ODJLDPWKRDWKLQFTXDGD
 3KQNK
1RLFKXQJWKWWFDFDFORDLJLDVXFYDJLDFPOQJQFXQJW\O
WKXQYLOQJFKWNKFXDWKFQ1KQRLWKFXQJWXQJQF
,9$t1++mlt1*&8t$6m7+,j81mlv&9$s1+8&h|81mlv&
$tQKKQJFXDVWKLXQF
&DFORDL JLD VXF XNKDF ELWQKDX YNKD QQJG WU QF YDFKX
QJLXNLQWKLXQF
$GROSKFKRELWWQKWUDQJVLQKO\FXDPWQJLEWKLXQF
PWQLNKYDQRQJQKVDX
7UFKW ODNKDWQFNKLQFPWLOLWKWUDQJWKFRGX
KLXEF ELYD PWQ /QJQF PW OQ Q   WK E QKFXL
NKQJYQJODFJLRQJNKRWKYDWDL[DQKiQWKPWWKXWGDQKQ
ODLPLQJNKQJQXWFYDQJWL1FWURQJPDXJLDPLGRRQKW
WQJYDFKD\FKPODLWLPSQKDQKOQ.KLWLPNKQJFRQXVFDSQKDQK
\PDXFKD\FKRQKLWWKRDWWEQWURQJUDWKWKQQKLWWQJFDRQPFFR
WKFKW ltPL WUQJQRQJ PWQF  WK QJL VH FKW.KD QQJFKX
QJWQKWUDQJPWQFFXDODFDFDRKQFDFORDLJLDVXFNKDFYDQJL
1KXFXQF


&WKFQSKDLWLSWKX\XQFEXSOQJQFPWLFQJ
YLOQJQFFQWKDQKOSWFKFPLYDWDRVDQSKP1KQJQKD

FS WUQQKX FXQF WKD\ LUWQKLX\XWOXQELQQJLXNKLQ
OQJQFEDLWKDL'RRYLFOSQKXFXQFFKRJLDVXFJLDFPFRNKR
NKQYDQKQJVOLXWPFFKFRJLDWUWQJL'XVDRQKXFXQF
FXDJLDVXFFXQJNKQJTXDNKWNKHFRQYWXQJTXDQKLXQFFXQJNKQJ
FRDQKKQJJWDLKDLOP
1KXFXEQKTXQQFKQJQJD\FXDJLDVXFYXQJQLEDQJ
%DQJQKXFXQFEQKTXQFXDJLDVXFYXQJQL

*LDVXF 1KXFXQFOWQJD\
%RVDDQJFKRVD
%RVDGX\WU
%RFDLWKWDQJFKRVD
1JDODPYLFEQKWKQJ
1JDDQJFKRVD
+HRQDLQXLFRQ
+HRWKWNJ
+HRQDLWKWNJ
&XFDLDQJQXLFRQ
&XWKWYEHR
*DPDLH












1FXQJ

1JXQQFPWYDQF
JLQJ
/QJNKRDQJFQWKLWFKRJLDVXFNKQJDQJ
N
iPQPJOW 1KQJLWQJRWVDQJWQJWJLDVXFFRWK
EWLXFKD\

4

44
 *DNKQJFKX

4

44
 %R WKW FX QJD KHR EDQ X NKQJ XQJ
QKQJVDXWKFKQJKLYDVDQ[XWEQKWKQJ

4

44
 %RJLDQJDGFXJLDFKXF9WQRQYD
PDQJWKDLNKQJFKXQL+HRFKXNHPQKW



&KWOQJQF


1RLFKXQJQFDQWRDQFKRQJLWLXWKXFRWKVGXQJFFKRJLD
VXF7X\QKLQJLDVXFFKXPQFDRKQQJLYDVFKXLQJFDFFKWNKDF
FXQJNKDFKQVRYLQJL
&KWOQJQFDQKKQJVWLXWKXFDFWKFQQXFKWOQJQF
JLDPVWLXWKXQFJLDPNHRWKHRVWLXWKXWKFQJLDPYDFRQYWEJLDP
QQJVXW1FPQODPJDPNKDQQJWLXWKXQF1XWLXWKXQKLXQF
PPFRQYWVHEQJF&RQKQJFKWJ\FPDNKQJDQKKQJWQK
QJRQPLQJQKQLWUDWHIORXULQHFXQJQKPXLFXDFDFNLPORDLQQJ&RFDF
FKWKXFFROHDQKKQKOQVXQJRQPLQJFXDFRQYWNKLXQJQFKRF
J\QJFWKGXFDFPPYLVLQKYWJ\EQKUWSKELQWURQJQFWDR
SURWR]RD K\GUR[\FDUERQ FDFFKW FRGXFDFORDLWKXFVDWWUXQJYDFDFFKW
WKDLFXDFQJQJKLSODPQKLPQJXQQFFXQJFS
iL YL FDF WKDQK SKQPXL NKRDQJWURQJQFFRNKX\QKKQJFR
PWYLVOQJFDRQKOD&D0J1D$O.FXDFDFFDUERQDWHVXOSKDWHYD
FKORULGH
3KQOQJLDVXFFRWKFKXQJQQJFXDWQJVFKWUQKRDWDQ
7'6WRWDOGLVVROYHVROLGWURQJQFWPJOQKQJQQJVXW
FRNKX\QKKQJJLDPQQJFKWUQQ\
1FF[HPODFRFKWOQJWWNKL7'6WKQPJ7KHR15&
QFFKDWKQPJO7'6F[HPODDQWRDQFKREWN\JLDVXFQDRYD
FKRJLDFP1FFR7'6WPJOODDQWRDQFKRFRQYWQKQJ
PWVFRQEWLXFKD\QXNKQJTXHQ1QJWPJOFRQYWL
SKQORQJJLDWQJWOFKWJLDFP*LDWQJQPJOFDFJLDVXFYQ
FRWKFKXFQJRDLWUJLDFP7'6JLDWQJWUQPJOWKNKQJQQ
FXQJFSFKRKHRYDJDFXQJQKERQJDFXFKDYDDQJFKRVDYDFKRWKX
QRQ.KLQQJ76'WUQPJOWFODWKNKQJQQFKREWN\FRQ
YWQDRXQJ

&KWFWURQJQF


9LQ KDQ OP NKRD KRF 0\ D UD PF  JLL KDQ WL D FDF FKW
NKRDQJWURQJQFPJO


$V    +J  
&G    1L  
&U    12

 

&R    12

 
&X    9D   
)    =Q  
3E  


×