Tài liệu phần bài đọc thi tiếng anh CNTT6 khoa CNTT DHCNHN

UNIT 1 :
Bài 1:
Read the text and answer the following questions with NO MORE THAN
THREE WORDS OR A NUMBER
Information Systems Ethics
The term ethics is defined as “a set of moral principles” or “the principles of
conduct governing an individual or a group.” Since the dawn of civilization, the
study of ethics and their impact has fascinated mankind. But what do ethics
have to do with information systems?
The introduction of new technology can have a profound effect on human
behavior. New technologies give us capabilities that we did not have before,
which in turn create environments and situations that have not been specifically
addressed in ethical terms. Those who master new technologies gain new
power; those who cannot or do not master them may lose power. In 1913, Henry
Ford implemented the first moving assembly line to create his Model T cars.
While this was a great step forward technologically (and economically), the
assembly line reduced the value of human beings in the production process. The
development of the atomic bomb concentrated unimaginable power in the hands
of one government, who then had to wrestle with the decision to use it. Today’s
digital technologies have created new categories of ethical dilemmas.
For example, the ability to anonymously make perfect copies of digital music
has tempted many music fans to download copyrighted music for their own use
without making payment to the music’s owner. Many of those who would never
have walked into a music store and stolen a CD find themselves with dozens of
illegally downloaded albums.
Digital technologies have given us the ability to aggregate information from
multiple sources to create profiles of people. What would have taken weeks of
work in the past can now be done in seconds, allowing private organizations and
governments to know more about individuals than at any time in history. This
information has value, but also chips away at the privacy of consumers and
citizens.

1. What term means a set of moral principles? ethics
2. What do new technologies supply? Capabilities
3. When did Henry Ford execute the first moving assembly line? 1913
4. What have new categories of ethical dilemmas been created by? Today’s
digital technologies
5. How long can digital technologies take work nowadays? in seconds


Bài 2:
Read the text and fill in the gaps in following sentences with NO MORE
THAN THREE WORDS
Code of Ethics
One method for navigating new ethical waters is a code of ethics. A code of
ethics is a document that outlines a set of acceptable behaviors for a
professional or social group; generally, it is agreed to by all members of the
group. The document details different actions that are considered appropriate
and inappropriate.
One of the major advantages of creating a code of ethics is that it clarifies the
acceptable standards of behavior for a professional group. The varied
backgrounds and experiences of the members of a group lead to a variety of
ideas regarding what is acceptable behavior. While to many the guidelines may
seem obvious, having these items detailed provides clarity and consistency.
Explicitly stating standards communicates the common guidelines to everyone
in a clear manner.
Having a code of ethics can also have some drawbacks. First of all, a code of
ethics does not have legal authority; in other words, breaking a code of ethics is
not a crime in itself. So what happens if someone violates one of the guidelines?
Many codes of ethics include a section that describes how such situations will
be handled. In many cases, repeated violations of the code result in expulsion
from the group.

In the case of ACM: “Adherence of professionals to a code of ethics is largely a
voluntary matter. However, if a member does not follow this code by engaging
in gross misconduct, membership in ACM may be terminated.” Expulsion from
ACM may not have much of an impact on many individuals, since membership
in ACM is usually not a requirement for employment. However, expulsion from
other organizations, such as a state bar organization or medical board, could
carry a huge impact.
Another possible disadvantage of a code of ethics is that there is always a
chance that important issues will arise that is not specifically addressed in the
code. Technology is quickly changing, and a code of ethics might not be
updated often enough to keep up with all of the changes. A good code of ethics,
however, is written in a broad enough fashion that it can address the ethical
issues of potential changes to technology while the organization behind the code
makes revisions.


Finally, a code of ethics could have also be a disadvantage in that it may not
entirely reflect the ethics or morals of every member of the group.
Organizations with a diverse membership may have internal conflicts as to what
is acceptable behavior. For example, there may be a difference of opinion on the
consumption of alcoholic beverages at company events. In such cases, the
organization must make a choice about the importance of addressing a specific
behavior in the code.
1. A code of ethics is one method for navigating new ethical waters.
2. A code of ethics can clarify the acceptable standards of behavior for a
professional group.
3. There are three main disadvantages of a code of ethics.
4. The first of drawbacks, a code of ethics doesn’t include legal authority.
5. Members in organizations can have some conflicts about acceptable
behavior.

Bài 3 :
Read the text and answer the following questions with NO MORE THAN
THREE WORDS
Intellectual Property
One of the domains that has been deeply impacted by digital technologies is the
domain of intellectual property. Digital technologies have driven a rise in new
intellectual property claims and made it much more difficult to defend
intellectual property.
Intellectual property is defined as “property (as an idea, invention, or process)
that derives from the work of the mind or intellect.” This could include
creations such as song lyrics, a computer program, a new type of toaster, or
even a sculpture.
Practically speaking, it is very difficult to protect an idea. Instead, intellectual
property laws are written to protect the tangible results of ideas. In other words,
just coming up with a song in your head is not protected, but if you write it
down it can be protected.
Protection of intellectual property is important because it gives people an
incentive to be creative. Innovators with great ideas will be more likely to
pursue those ideas if they have a clear understanding of how they will benefit.
In the US Constitution, Article 8, Section 8, the authors saw fit to recognize the
importance of protecting creative works:


Congress shall have the power to promote the Progress of Science and useful
Arts, by securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right
to their respective Writings and Discoveries.
An important point to note here is the “limited time” qualification. While
protecting intellectual property is important because of the incentives it
provides, it is also necessary to limit the amount of benefit that can be received
and allow the results of ideas to become part of the public domain.

Outside of the US, intellectual property protections vary. You can find out more
about a specific country’s intellectual property law by visiting the World
Intellectual Property Organization.
1. What domain have digital technologies encounter? intellectual property
2. What are the tangible results of ideas be protected by? intellectual property
laws
3. What does intellectual property give creators? an incentive
4. What is the important note with intellectual property? "limited time"
qualification
5. What organization do you can look for a country’s intellectual property
law? World Intellectual Property
Bài 4 :
Read the text and fill in the gaps in following sentences with NO MORE
THAN THREE WORDS
COPYRIGHT
This is the law which is used to prevent others from unreasonable advantage of
a person’s creative invention or work. Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988
are three specified types of works which exists in the property right. To do work
such as making a copy, broad casting or selling copies to the public, the owner
is the only person who has exclusive right to act related to the work.
The qualification requirements are original literary, dramatic, musical or artistic
works; sound recordings, films or broadcasts; and the typographical
arrangements of published editions.
In general, copyright is the thing which is given to the owner of the original
work or an inventor. The works available on the internet environment are also
protected by copyright. This copyright law provides a maintaining balance of
rights between the inventors that means the original copyright owners for


enough payment for the use of their works, and rights to access the ideas and

information by the society. We can conclude the meaning of copyright in simple
way that copyright does not protect ideas, but only the expression or product of
ideas.
The copyright law not only protects the work but also it should not give any rise
to monopolies and it is permissible to any person to submit the work which is
similar to the work available before, that is pre- existing work as long as the
later work is not taken from the first. Patents Act 1988, Copyright and Designs
were passed, this is considered as the major advancement is technology. Due to
the account of moral rights and inalienable rights this Act has due which
belongs to the author irrespective of the ownership of copyright.
Copyright is totally different by other laws provided by intellectual property
rights. It gives perfect right to the authorities that means the owners and does
not give rise to monopolies. It is an act giving rise to infringement of copyright
may be associated with or accompany a breach of confidence.
1. Copyright is used to advoid unreasonable advantage of inventions or work.
2. Copyright is only for the inventor or the owner of the original work.
3. Copyright law offers a maintaining balance among the inventors.
4. The copyright law should not give any monopolies to any person to submit
the work.
5. Copyright is different because of other laws by intellectual property rights.
Bài 5 :
Read the text and answer the following questions with NO MORE THAN
THREE WORDS
IDENTIFICATION OF PROBLEM AREA COMPUTER SOFTWARE
A range of intellectual property laws are associated in the protection of
computer software. These laws which are created generally confine the use of
software, both domestically and internationally. The various problems addressed
here are which software can be patented. Software is written with the help of
software. There are miles of similar code in programs that perform similar
functions. Not so in novels, musical compositions, and other fine art. Another

problem is the software piracy. Software has some problems and the
manufacture always releases upgrades and this is significantly costlier than the
previous one. So these kinds of things generally lead to piracy of the software.
Though computer software is normally not considered as patentable, today


fundamentally any procedure or method that can be implemented in a computer
software or program that manufactures a valuable result is patentable if properly
described thoroughly and claimed completely. Another issue which imposes
intellectual property is the software piracy. It is generally unauthorized
duplication and illegal sharing of software and also distribution of it either for
personal use or for business. Pirated software offends everyone right from the
developer who created the software, the store owners and mainly to all the users
of the software. Additionally, the economic is badly affected by the duplication
of software as well as distribution of software.
In terms of protecting the computer software legally, there are three important
points for the copyright owners need to be considered. The first one is copying
the software by out and out piracy. This is mainly done for the Operating
systems software like Windows, software related to games and famous software
application like software used for word processing. Specially written software
particularly comes under second and third concerns. Usually these software are
written for business or companies in order to perform its operations or
functions.
The advancement in latest technology extends the law which makes it to react
slowly sometimes and one crisis has been the method in which it has been
challenged to adjust the present legal concepts to pact with the difficulty caused
by the technological advancements.
1. What are these intellectual property laws created for? use of software
2. How many similar codes in programs that execute the same functions? miles
3. What does upgrading software lead to? the software privacy

4. What is impacted by the duplication of software? economic
5. What is software written for to implement its operations or
functions? business or companies
Bài 6
Read the text and fill in the gaps in following sentences with NO MORE
THAN THREE WORDS
Computer Crime
Computer Crime is intellectual, white-collar crime. Those that commit such
crimes must be intelligent enough to manipulate a computer system and in such
a position to access it in the first place. One example of computer crime is


stealing funds via computer. Often the worst that can happen to such a thief is
that he/she is merely required to return the stolen money. Many times that
person will be fired, assuming he/she is an employee, but may be quickly hired
by a competitor because of his/her skill. This creates practically no deterrent to
committing computer theft because legal action is not often taken against the
perpetrator. Another example is unauthorized computer entry. In entering a
computer unauthorized, the perpetrator can steal a company's trade secrets and
data. Such a crime could be committed by an employee aiming to sell such
secrets to a competitor or by an outside source wanting to steal such secrets to
promote his/her own well-being. This crime involves both an invasion of
property and privacy and also compromises the computer system itself. This
crime goes along with the idea of hacking. Hacking is defined as "any
computer-related activity which is not sanctioned or approved of by an
employer or owner of a system or network” (Forester 44). Such an activity deals
with the ethical dilemma of who actually owns information and who should
have access to that information. At many universities, Computer Science
professors have their students hack into the university's system to prove their
skill and knowledge of computer systems. This poses a serious ethical dilemma.

Since the students are not causing any harm to the system, is such an action
morally reprehensible or acceptable? Many computer professionals feel that this
act is not ethically sanctioned and the Computer Science professors must
address the issue of computer ethics more fervently in their classes.
1. Computer crime have to be intelligent enough to control a computer system.
2. When the criminal enter a computer unauthorized, trade secrets and data of a
company can be stolen.
3. “Any computer-related activity which is not sanctioned or approved of by an
employer or owner of a system or network” is the definition of hacking.
4. Hacking into the university's system poses a serious ethical dilemma.
5. The issue of computer ethics must be mentioned more actively in the classes
by Computer Science professors.
UNIT 2 :
Bài 1:
Task 1: Read the text and decide if the following sentences are True or
False
WRITING CODE


Computer code is a series of statements that have been assigned a function by a
higher level language (typically referred to as source code). This language is
similar to English and has been converted to machine language using a type of
program known as a compiler. Because code is used to instruct computers to
perform a wide array of tasks, there are many different kinds of languages and
programs available. One of the most important aspects of coding is deciding
which jobs (creating a web page, writing a game, etc.) a computer will do.
Regardless of what is chosen, the majority of codes utilize plain-text because of
its compatibility. Though the actual content is written this way, documents are
each given a unique file extension that is indicative of their type. One can write
a simple code with a basic word processor or text editor. However, using a

software application (specifically designed for coding in a particular language)
is significantly more effective and efficient. As with a document written in
English, where word processing software is used to aid in detection of spelling
errors and non-standard grammar, a coding editor provides comparable tools to
ensure accuracy. A code editor is also known as an integrated development
environment (IDE), which is a software application for formatting. Using a code
editor decreases the chances of errors in codes and time spent reading a code. A
large downfall of working with IDEs is a lack of flexibility. While some IDEs
work with multiple programming languages, a sizable amount are very specific
for only one language.
A compiler is a special program that processes statements written in a particular
programming language and turns them into machine language or "code" that a
computer's processor uses. When the complier executes, it first analyzes all of
the language statements syntactically one after the other and then, in one or
more successive stages or "passes", builds the output code, making sure that
statements that refer to other statements are referred to correctly in the final
code. A compiler works with what are sometimes called 3 GLs (FORTRAN,
BASIC, COBOL, C, etc.) and higher-level languages.There are one-pass and
multi-pass compilers as well as just-in-time compiler, stage compiler, and
source-to-source. The compiler front- end analyzes the source code to build an
internal representation of the program, called the intermediate representation.
The compiler back-end includes three main phases, such as analysis,
optimization, and code generation. Because compilers translate source code into
object code, which is unique for each type of computer, many compilers are
available for the same language.
1:The purpose of computer code is to instruct computers to perform a variety of
tasks.


True

2:Using a software application which is specifically designed for coding in a
particular language will provide more efficiency.
True
3:According to the text, working with an integrated development environment
gives higher flexibility.
False
4:A compiler works with 3 languages namely FORTRAN, BASIC and
COBOL.
False
5:The function of compiler front- end is to build an internal representation of
the program by analyzing the source code.
True
Bài 2:
Task 2: Read the below text and fill in the gaps with NO MORE
THAN TWO WORDS from the text
DEBUGGING
Debugging is basically making sure that a program does not have any errors so
that it can run properly without any problems. Debugging is a large part of what
a programmer does. The first step to debugging is done before you can actually
debug the program; the program needs to be changed into machine language so
that the computer can read it. It is converted using a language translator. The
first goal of debugging is to get rid of syntax errors and any errors that prevent
the program from running. Errors that prevent the program from running are
compiler errors. These need to be removed right away because otherwise you
cannot test any of the other parts of the program.Syntax errors occur when the
programmer has not followed the correct rules of the programming language.
Another kind of error is a runtime error, which occurs while the program is
running and it is not noticed until after all syntax errors are corrected. Many
runtime errors are because of logic errors, which are errors in the logic of the
program. It could occur when a formula is written incorrectly or when a wrong

variable name is used.
There are different types of debugging techniques that can be used. One
technique called print debugging, or also known as the print method, finds


errors by watching the print (or trace) statement live or recorded to see the
execution flow of the process. This method originated in the early versions of
the BASIC programming language. Remote debugging is the method of finding
errors using a remote system to run the program and collect information to find
the error in the code. If the program has already crashed, then post-mortem
debugging can be used through various tracing techniques and by analyzing the
memory dump of the program. Another technique is one created by Edward
Gauss called wolf-fence debugging. Basically, this method find the error by
zeroing in on the problem by continuous divisions or sectioning until the bug is
found. Similar to this is the saff squeeze technique which uses progressive
inlining of a failure test to isolate the problem.
1. Debugging helps find and correct syntax errors and any errors preventing
the program from running.
2. Compiler errors should be removed right away because if not you cannot
check any of the other parts of the program.
3. In many cases, logic errors are the reason why runtime errors can occur.
4. Remote debugging use a remote system to run the program and collect
information to detect the errors in the code.
5. Edward Gauss invented wolf-fence debugging which helps find the error by
zeroing in on the problem by continuous divisions or sectioning until the bug is
found.
Bài 3:
Task 3: Read the below text and answer the questions with NO MORE
THAN THREE WORDS
TEST, IMPLEMENTATION, MAINTENANCE

Relating to getting a program up and running, many things need to happen
before it can be used. One step is to test the program. After the debugging
process occurs, another programmer needs to test the program for any additional
errors that could be involved in the background of the program. This person
needs to perform all of the tasks that an actual user of the program would use
and follow. To ensure privacy rights, test data is used in the testing process.
However, this still has the same structure and feel to the actual data. The tester
needs to check for possible input errors as well, as this would create many
problems and issues in the future had it not been checked. Companies usually
implement different types of tests. An Alpha test is first conducted, which is onsite at the company, and Beta tests are sent out to different states or countries to


ensure the program is 100% ready for use. The Alpha test occurs before the Beta
test. Once the debugging and testing are finished, the program is now in the
system and the program implementation and maintenance phase are completed.
Program maintenance still needs to be kept up, in case of future errors. This is
the most costly to organizations because the programmers need to keep
improving and fixing issues within the program.
As stated earlier, a program goes through extensive testing before it is released
to the public for use. The two types of testing are called Alpha and Beta testing.
Alpha testing is done “in house” so to speak. It is done within a company prior
to sending it to Beta testing and its intention in this early stage is to improve the
product as much as possible to get it Beta ready. Beta testing is done “out of
house” and gives real customers a chance to try the program with the set
intention of catching any bugs or errors prior to it being fully released. Alpha
testing is the phase that takes the longest and can sometimes last three to five
times longer than Beta. However, Beta testing can be completed in just a few
weeks, assuming no major bugs are detected. Alpha testing is typically
performed by engineers or other employees of the company while Beta testing
occurs in the “real world”, temporarily being released to the public to get the

widest range of feedback possible. If all goes well in both phases, the product is
ready to be released and enjoyed by the public.
1. What do programmers hope to detect after the debugging process? additional
errors
2. What kind of test will be conducted on the phase “ Testing”?Alpha testing
3. What step should be executed after testing to improve the program?program
maintenance
4. What kind of test allows real customers to try the program for any bugs or
errors prior?Beta testing
5. How long does Beta testing last? a few weeks


Bài 4:
Task 4: Read the text and complete the table with NO MORE
THAN TWO WORDS
The process of software development services in India goes through a series of
stages in step wise fashion that almost every developing company follows.
Known as the ‘software development life cycle,’ these six steps include
planning, analysis, design, development & implementation, testing &
deployment and maintenance. Let’s study each of these steps to know how the
perfect software is developed.
1. Planning: Without the perfect plan, calculating the strengths and weaknesses
of the project, development of software is meaningless. Planning kicks off a
project flawlessly and affects its progress positively.
2. Analysis: This step is about analyzing the performance of the software at
various stages and making notes on additional requirements. Analysis is very
important to proceed further to the next step.
3. Design: Once the analysis is complete, the step of designing takes over,
which is basically building the architecture of the project. This step helps
remove possible flaws by setting a standard and attempting to stick to it.

4. Development & Implementation: The actual task of developing the
software starts here with data recording going on in the background. Once the
software is developed, the stage of implementation comes in where the product
goes through a pilot study to see if it’s functioning properly.
5. Testing: The testing stage assesses the software for errors and documents
bugs if there are any.
6. Maintenance: Once the software passes through all the stages without any
issues, it is to undergo a maintenance process where in it will be maintained and
upgraded from time to time to adapt to changes. Almost every software
development Indian company follows all the six steps, leading to the reputation
that the country enjoys in the software market today.
The cost of software development services in India is comparatively lower than
in other countries, making it a much sought after destination today. Custom
software development is India is a big hit among clients who are able to get
their business needs fulfilled at highly cost-effective rates.
The process of software development services in India


1. Planning

Make a (1) perfect plan to calculate the strengths and
weaknesses of the project

2. Analysis

Analyze the performance of the software, take note of (2)
additional requirements to prepare for the next step

3. Design

(3) The architecture of the project will be built and possible
flaws may be removed

4. Development and
Implementation

Execute (4) data recording and take the product under a pilot
study when it is developed

5. Testing

Check the software for errors and documents bugs

6. Maintenance

Conduct (5) a maintenance process to maintain and upgrade
the software to adapt to changes

Bài 5 :
Task 5: Read the text and choose the best option A, B or C
DESKTOP PUBLISHING PROCESS OVERVIEW
MAKE A SKETCH
Before even opening the software it is wise to have an idea where you are going
with your design. What do you want to create? You could skip this step but it is
recommended to try to do a few thumbnail sketches first.
CHOOSE A TEMPLATE
If your chosen software has templates for the type of project you plan to do,
take a look at those templates to see if they will work properly with a little
tweaking for your project. Using a template can be faster than starting from
scratch and a great way for those new to desktop publishing to get started. Or, as

an alternative, find a tutorial for your software that takes you through the steps
of learning the software while doing a specific project such as a greeting card,
business card, or brochure.
SET UP YOUR DOCUMENT


If using a template, you may need to tweak some of the template settings. If
starting from scratch, set the size and orientation of your document — set the
margins. If you'll be doing text in columns, set up text columns. The specific
steps you take in the document setup will vary from one type of project to the
next.
PLACE TEXT IN YOUR DOCUMENT
If your document is mostly text, place it in your layout by importing it from a
file, copying it from another program, or typing it directly in your program.
FORMAT YOUR TEXT
Align your text. Apply the desired typeface, style, size, and spacing to your text.
You may end up making some changes later, but go ahead and select the fonts
you believe you want to use. Apply embellishments such as plain or fancy drop
caps. The specific steps of composing the text that you choose will depend on
the amount of text and the type of document you are preparing.
PLACE GRAPHICS IN YOUR DOCUMENT
If your document is mostly graphics-based, you may want to place the images
before adding bits of text. Import your graphics from a file, copy them from
another program, or create them directly in your page layout software (simple
boxes, rules, etc.). You can even do some drawing and graphics creation right in
your page layout program.
TWEAK YOUR GRAPHICS PLACEMENT
Move your graphics around so that they line up the way you want them. Set up
your graphics so that text wraps around them. Crop or resize graphics if
necessary .

APPLY THE RULES OF DESKTOP PUBLISHING
Once you have your initial layout, improve and fine-tune. Simply applying
these tried and true methods of arranging a page and doing desktop publishing
will result in more attractive pages even without formal graphic design
training. In brief: drop typewritten conventions such as two spaces after periods
and double hard returns between paragraphs; use fewer fonts, less clip art; leave
white space in the layout; avoid most centered and justified text.
PRINT A DRAFT AND PROOFREAD IT
You can proofread on-screen but it's always a good idea to print out your
project. Proof your printout not only for colors (colors on screen don't always


print as expected), typographical errors, and placement of elements. If it is to be
folded or trimmed, make sure it folds properly and that trim marks print
correctly. Think you've caught all the errors? Proofread it again.
PRINT YOUR PROJECT
Once you're happy with your layout and your proofs are printing properly, print
your creation on your desktop printer. Ideally, even before you finalize your
design you've gone through all the preparatory steps for desktop printing
including calibration, print options, previews, and troubleshooting.
1:What should you do firstly before opening the software?
make thumbnail sketches
2:Which one is the best choice for those new to desktop publishing to get
started?
a template
3:You should place the images before adding bits of text for ________ .
the graphics-based document
4: Where should you proofread the product?
on the computer screen
5:What will you do before printing your project?

proofread it to check color and any errors
Bài 6 :
Task 6: Read the passage and answer the questions with NO MORE THAN
THREE WORDS
DESKTOP PUBLISHING PROCESS OVERVIEW
MAKE A SKETCH
Before even opening the software it is wise to have an idea where you are going
with your design. What do you want to create? You could skip this step but it is
recommended to try to do a few thumbnail sketches first.
CHOOSE A TEMPLATE
If your chosen software has templates for the type of project you plan to do,
take a look at those templates to see if they will work properly with a little
tweaking for your project. Using a template can be faster than starting from


scratch and a great way for those new to desktop publishing to get started. Or, as
an alternative, find a tutorial for your software that takes you through the steps
of learning the software while doing a specific project such as a greeting card,
business card, or brochure.
SET UP YOUR DOCUMENT
If using a template, you may need to tweak some of the template settings. If
starting from scratch, set the size and orientation of your document, set the
margins. If you'll be doing text in columns, set up text columns. The specific
steps you take in the document setup will vary from one type of project to the
next.
PLACE TEXT IN YOUR DOCUMENT
If your document is mostly text, place it in your layout by importing it from a
file, copying it from another program, or typing it directly in your program.
FORMAT YOUR TEXT
Align your text. Apply the desired typeface, style, size, and spacing to your text.

You may end up making some changes later, but go ahead and select the fonts
you believe you want to use. Apply embellishments such as plain or fancy drop
caps. The specific steps of coposing the text that you choose will depend on the
amount of text and the type of document you are preparing.
PLACE GRAPHICS IN YOUR DOCUMENT
If your document is mostly graphics-based, you may want to place the images
before adding bits of text. Import your graphics from a file, copy them from
another program, or create them directly in your page layout software (simple
boxes, rules, etc.). You can even do some drawing and graphics creation right in
your page layout program.
TWEAK YOUR GRAPHICS PLACEMENT
Move your graphics around so that they line up the way you want them. Set up
your graphics so that text wraps around them. Crop or resize graphics if
necessary .
APPLY THE RULES OF DESKTOP PUBLISHING
Once you have your initial layout, improve and fine-tune. Simply applying
these tried and true methods of arranging a page and doing desktop publishing
will result in more attractive pages even without formal graphic design
training. In brief: drop typewritten conventions such as two spaces after periods


and double hard returns between paragraphs; use fewer fonts, less clip art; leave
white space in the layout; avoid most centered and justified text.
PRINT A DRAFT AND PROOFREAD IT
You can proofread on-screen but it's always a good idea to print out your
project. Proof your printout not only for colors (colors on screen don't always
print as expected), typographical errors, and placement of elements. If it is to be
folded or trimmed, make sure it folds properly and that trim marks print
correctly. Think you've caught all the errors? Proofread it again.
PRINT YOUR PROJECT

Once you're happy with your layout and your proofs are printing properly, print
your creation on your desktop printer. Ideally, even before you finalize your
design you've gone through all the preparatory steps for desktop printing
including calibration, print options, previews, and troubleshooting.
1. What should you make before opening a software? a sketch
2. How is the template which will work properly? a little tweaking
3. What features of document should be set when it is set up? size, orientation,
margins
4. What should you do before adding text to the graphics-based document?
place the images
5. What wil you hope to catch when you proofread the draft? all the errors

UNIT 3 :
Bài 1 :
Read the text and choose the correct answer
HOW TO INSTALL A COMPUTER?


It is cheaper to install a computer by yourself than purchase a computer that is already
built. The parts of the computer can be purchased from computer stores that sell used
computer parts. Installing a computer by yourself is also advantageous as you will learn
how the computer works and you can repair the computer by yourself if ever you have
problems with it.

Step 1

Before beginning to install your computer, you need to make sure that all the computer parts that you have are compatible with
each other.

Step 2

Now get your motherboard. Be careful in handling the motherboard so as not to damage it. Connect the CPU’s pins to the
motherboard. Carefully push the motherboard in place.

Step 3

Next, install the CPU fan on your motherboard. This device cools the computer down to avoid overheating of the computer. Don’t
install the motherboard yet.

Step 4

After installing the fan, install the RAM in place on the motherboard. The RAM is the memory of the computer. Gently push the
RAM chip inside the slot. There are clips on either side of the RAM slot. Secure the RAM chip in place by using the clips.

Step 5

Now you have installed the major components. After installing the major components of the computer, install the motherboard
inside the computer case. Secure the motherboard in place by using the screws and the screwdriver.

Step 6

After you have secured the motherboard in place, you can install the power source. The power source has wires connected to it.
Connect a wire to the motherboard and to other devices inside the case. You can check the user’s manual of the power source to
know which cable to connect to a specific device.

Step 7

Install the hard drive. There is a slot on the computer case designed to hold the hard drive. Make sure that the hard drive is
securely in place by using the screws. Get one of the wires connected to the power supply and connect it to the hard drive. You
cannot install the hard drive until you have secured the motherboard.

Step 8

Finally, install the CD-ROM drive. Slide the CD-ROM drive on its slot and connect the power source cable to the CD-ROM
drive.

1:Before starting the installation, you should check whether the computer
components _________ together or not.
all go
2:What is installed right before setting up the RAM?


the CPU fan
3:To secure the motherboard in a place inside the case, we use __________.
the screws and the screwdriver
4:After the motherboard has been secured in place, you can install the power
source and then install ________.
hard drive
5:The hard drive is securely in place by using the screws, and then connected to
the _________.
power supply
Bài 2 :
HOW TO INSTALL A COMPUTER MOTHERBOARD
Installing a motherboard can be a complex process. This page provides general
steps and guidelines for how to install a motherboard. Please refer to the manual
and configuration guide that is included with the motherboard for specific
details on installation and configuration steps.
Before getting started
Write down relevant information from the top or bottom of the board, such as
the Model Number, Serial Number, and specifications. Ensure you are familiar

with ESD and its potential dangers while working with any circuit board. When
installing a motherboard, turn the computer off and disconnect the power cord
from the power supply.
Form factor
Before installing a computer motherboard, make sure the case supports the form
factor of your motherboard. Today, the majority of available computer
motherboards are either ATX or micro ATX.
Verify and set jumpers
Before installing the computer motherboard, make sure all the jumpers or dip
switches are correct. The jumpers and dip switches can be changed when the
motherboard is installed, but it is easier to verify them while the motherboard is
outside of the case. Today, motherboards have the jumpers set as auto, allowing
either the BIOS or the software to set up the proper settings for the CPU and
memory and other settings. If the motherboard supports this feature, make sure
the jumpers are set to auto. If you want to adjust the settings manually for your
peripherals, make sure you are using acceptable settings. Although you may be


able to overclock a system, it is recommended you use auto or the real values of
the system first to make sure the system works before tampering with its
settings.
Install pegs or standoffs
After checking the jumpers, if pegs or standoffs are not in the chassis, insert
these attachments now. These are required to prevent the motherboard from
shorting out and must be inserted before installing the motherboard. When
installing the pegs or standoffs make sure to insert them into the proper holes.
Many cases support different motherboard form factors, and if not placed in the
proper holes, it may cause damage to the motherboard. The holes on the case
have a small indication of what the holes are for; for example, a hole may have
the words ATX listed next to it to indicate the hole is for an ATX motherboard.

As the standoff is being installed, make sure they are installed firmly into the
case to help prevent issues such as the pegs coming loose when unscrewing the
screw from the peg.
Motherboard installation
After the standoffs are attached and the I/O plate is in place, install the
motherboard into the case and make sure you align the back of the motherboard
with the back of the case. As the motherboard is being installed, align the holes
in the motherboards with the pegs or standoffs. Once aligned, begin placing
screws into the motherboard that should go into the peg or standoff inserted
earlier.
Questions:
1. When starting to install the motherboard, switch the computer on and connect
the power cord from the power supply. F
2. Nowadays, most computer motherboards are ATX or micro ATX. T
3. Today, all the motherboard jumpers are set to auto, which lets the BIOS set
up the proper settings for the CPU. T
4. It’s recommended to use auto or the real values of the system first to make
sure it works before making any changes to its settings. T
5. If the pegs or standoffs are not placed in the proper holes, it may cause
damage to the motherboard. T
Bài 3 :
Read the text and fill in the gaps with NO MORE THAN THREE
WORDS and/or A NUMBER


TIPS FOR INSTALLING AN OPERATING SYSTEM
1. Make sure that the computer is set to boot first from the CD/DVD drive. To
do this, enter the BIOS Setup program when starting up the computer. This will
require pressing a key during startup. The key (often one of the function keys or
the delete key) is specified at the bottom of the first screen during boot up.

When the BIOS Setup program opens, scroll down (using the down arrow) to
the “First Boot Device” line, and then use the onscreen instructions to select
CDROM and save the change.
2. Shut down the computer, put the operating system CD or DVD into the drive,
and then start the computer again.
3. The installation will automatically start, and you will be guided through the
process by on screen tips and questions. Make sure you read each screen!
4. You will be asked for your preferences in regards to installation language,
time and currency formats and keyboard layouts. Please note that the more
common keyboard layout in your country might be United States English, even
for those using the British English language.
5. When prompted, enter the product key (for Microsoft Windows operating
systems). This is an important step for affirming the legality of your copy, and
will allow your computer full access to online updates. Make sure, however,
that you know how many computers your product license is good for, and then
do not load the operating system onto too many computers.
6. When prompted, choose the location (which partition) for installing the
operating system. You may also be given the option of creating new partitions at
this step. If so, the partition created for the operating system should be at least
20GB, preferably 30GB. Make sure that you format the partition using the
NTFS file system.
7. Follow any more on screen prompts and then wait patiently for the
installation to finish.
8. Don’t forget to change your boot order back to the original setting!
Questions:
1. To boot the computer from the CD/DVD drive, first, you need to press a key
to enter the BIOS setup program
2. You can select the CD-ROM option by pressing the down arrow key to the
“First Boot Device” line and following the onscreen instructions.

3. United States English is recommended to be selected as the installation
language.
4. You should enter the Windows operating system product key to affirm that
your copy is legal.
5. The minimum recommended size for the OS partition is 20GB.
Bài 4 :
Read the text and fill in the gaps with NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS
COMPUTER MAINTENANCE CHECKLIST
Basic Computer Hardware Maintenance Checklist
• Make sure that your computer, LCD, printer, CPU are plugged into a
surge protector.
• Clean your LCD, mouse, keyboard and other parts with alcohol-free
cleaners or wipes specifically for this purpose.
• Check the physical connections between all devices, see that clear air
flow is maintained and check that no wires are obstructed anywhere.
• Blow out or vacuum the accumulated dust in and around your computer.
The motherboard of your PC and the sides of the expansion cards attract
dust, blow out the dust from that area too
• Check that the cooling fan is working properly, keep it free of dust.
Accumulated dust may obstruct the working of the cooling fan.
Basic Computer Software Maintenance Checklist
• Firstly, update your computer's virus definition or install a reliable
antivirus program. Update your antivirus program and run a complete
virus scan at least once a week.
• Delete all the temporary Internet files. In Internet Explorer, click on
Tools, select Internet options. Click the option marked Delete Files. The
deletion will take some time, but it is required to get rid of all those
temporary files.
• Clear Internet cache. Every time you surf on internet, your PC stores all

the web pages and images you scroll through. This back up information
store on hard drive space. Download CCleaner for this purpose. Empty
your Recycle Bin. Make sure to empty it, every time you delete
something. This will keep the hard drive free and clean from unnecessary
clutter.


• Do a disk cleanup. This will get rid of old compressed files, temporary
files and other junk. To do this, go to the Start Menu —.All Programs —
Accessories —System Tools —Disk Cleanup.
• Shortcut icons on the desktop are no doubt handy and easily accessible,
but get rid of the icons that are not in use. This will make your desktop
look clean and neat. • Delete programs that are rarely used or not used.
Go to the Control Panel —Add or Remove Programs. You will see the
programs installed on your PC. Deleting programs which are rarely used
or not used, this will increase the performance of your PC.
• Backup your database to protect and restore (in case of system failure).
• Run the Disk Defragmenter utility to clear disk space unnecessary data
on your hard drive. To do this, click the Start button —Programs —
Accessories —System Tools, and then select Disk Defragmenter option.
• Restart your computer properly to clean it of unwanted clutter.
Questions:
1. You can make sure the maintenance of clear air flow by checking
the physical connections among devices.
2. It’s recommended to keep the sides of expansion cards, motherboard
and cooling fan free of dust.
3. You can get rid of all the temporary Internet files by clicking on Tools, then
selecting Internet options and clicking the option marked Delete Files.
4. Running a disk cleanup allows you to delete unnecessary files such as old
compressed or temporary files.

5. It is important to delete rarely-used programs or the ones that are not in use
to speed up your PC.
Bài 5:
Read the text and answer the questions with NO MORE THAN FOUR
WORDS and/or A NUMBER
HOW TO INSTALL THE LATEST DRIVER FOR YOUR PRINTER
Most printers require that you install the latest printer driver so that the printer
will work well. If you recently upgraded from an earlier version of Windows,
your printer driver might work with the previous version but might not work
well or at all with Windows 10. Also, if you've experienced power outages,
computer viruses, or other problems, your printer driver might be damaged.
Downloading and installing the latest printer driver can often resolve these
problems. Here are several ways to do this.


Use Windows Update
Windows Update might find an updated version of your printer driver. To use it:
Select the Start button, then select Settings > Update & Security , and
select Check for updates. If Windows Update finds an updated driver, it will
download and install it, and your printer will automatically use it.
Install software that came with your printer
If your printer came with a disc, it might contain software that can help you
install drivers for your printer or check for driver updates.
Download and install the driver from the printer manufacturer’s website
Check your printer manufacturer’s support site. To find that, search the internet
for the name of your printer manufacturer plus the word “support,” such as “HP
support.” Driver updates are often available in the “Drivers” section of a printer
manufacturer’s website. Some support sites let you search for your printer
model number directly. Locate and download the latest driver for your printer
model, then follow the installation instructions on the manufacturer’s website.

Most drivers are self-installing. After you download them, double-click (or
double-tap) the file to begin installing it. Then follow these steps to remove and
reinstall the printer.
1. Select the Start button, then select Settings> Devices > Printers &
scanners.
2. Under Printers & scanners, find the printer, select it, and then
select Remove device.
3. After removing your printer, add it back by selecting Add a printer or
scanner. Wait for your device to find nearby printers, choose the one you want,
and then select Add device.
Questions:
1. What problem can power failure or viruses cause to your printer
driver? damage
2. How many ways of installing the latest printer driver are mentioned in the
text? 3
3. What will Windows update do if it finds an updated version of printer
driver? download and install it
4. What word should be included along with the name of printer manufacturer
when you search on the Internet? “support”


5. How are most drivers described to be? self-installing
Bài 6 :
Read the text about computer maintenance and complete the summary
with NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS and/or A NUMBER
COMPUTER MAINTENANCE
Computer maintenance keeps your computer working in good shape and
contributes to keeping computer troubles at bay. Typical computer maintenance
tasks include:
Back Up Your Files

One of the most stressful experiences for a computer user is data loss, which
means that parts of a database can no longer be retrieved. Your best insurance
policy is to create a backup of your files. You can burn a CD or DVD with your
most critical files, copy your files to an external hard disk drive or use an online
backup service. Whatever strategy you use, just make sure to create a backup
copy of your files on a regular basis.
Use Antivirus Software
Antivirus software helps to protect a computer system from viruses and other
harmful programs. As the first line of defense, antivirus software prevents
viruses from getting into your computer system. Antivirus software scans your
online activity to make sure you are not downloading infected files. Antivirus
software also helps to detect and remove viruses from your computer system if
you get infected. Running antivirus software and keeping it up to date is one of
the most important things you can do as part of computer maintenance.
Install Software Updates
A software update provides minor software enhancements. This typically means
that you have to download a file that installs these updates. Most updates are
related to security issues and bug fixes. The effects of an update may not be
immediately visible to you, but behind the scenes, the updates make your
software run smoother. A software update is also called a patch because it's
'patching' the software. Updates apply to both operating systems and application
software. Most software applications have built-in settings that check for the
availability of updates. This is why you may get regular notices on your
computer asking if you want to install updates.
Use Disk Tools